Sra: Imagine It!, Themes, Risks and Consequences, Nature's Delicate Balance, a changing America, Science Fair, America on the Move, Dollars and Sense, Level 4 [Grade 4]
particle: A tiny piece. partner (pärt '
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| particle: A tiny piece.
partner
(pärt ' nûr) n. Someone who owns a business with another person. patches
(pa ' ch z) n. Plural of patch: A small group separate from other similar small groups. peered
(p rd) v. Past tense of peer: To look closely. perched
(pûrcht) v. Past tense of perch: To sit on top of something as a bird does. permanent (pûr ' m n nt) adj. Lasting; not temporary. photosynthesis (f ' t sin ' th sis) n. The process by which green plants combine carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce food. 681
pioneer product
pioneer (p nîr ' ) n. One of the first to explore or discover something. pitch (pich) v. To set up. n. Sticky tree sap. pleading (pl ' ding) v. Form of plead: To beg. plunged (plunjd) v. Past tense of plunge: To fall. poles (p lz) n. Plural of pole: The end of a magnet. politics (po ' l tiks) n. The activity of government and running for offices. pollinate (po ' l n t') v. To spread pollen from flower to flower, allowing fruit and seeds to grow. pomp (pomp) n. A magnificent display or ceremony. ports (ports) n. Plural of port: A place near a city where boats can anchor to load and unload. positions (p zi ' sh nz) n. Plural of position: The place where something is located. possessions (p ze ' sh nz) n. Plural of possession: A thing someone owns. posts (p sts) n. Plural of post: A place where a soldier or guard is ordered to be. pounded (poun ' d d) v. Past tense of pound: To beat loudly. precaution (pri kô ' sh n) n. A measure taken to ensure safety. predator (pre ' d tûr) n. Any animal that lives by hunting another animal for food. predicted (pri dik ' t d) v. Past tense of predict: To tell beforehand. prehistoric (pr ' his tor ' ik) adj. From very long ago, before people started writing history. preoccupied (pr ' o ' ky p d) adj. Paying attention to something else. previous (pr ' v s) adj. Earlier. preyed (pr d) v. Past tense of prey: To take advantage of; to cause harm to. price (pr s) n. The amount something sells for. pride (pr d) n. A feeling of worth and importance. process (pros ' es) v. A series of actions involved in making or doing something. procession (pr se ' sh n) n. A parade. product (pro ' dukt) n. An item that is sold by a business. Word Derivations Below are some words derived from the word product. production productivity counterproductive reproduction by-product mass production productive productively production line 682
profits rarely
Pronunciation Key: a t; l te; c â re; f ä ther; s e t; m; i t; k te; o x; r se; ô in b ou ght; c oi n; b k; t; f or m; ou t; u p; se; t û rn; sound in a bout, chick e n, penc i l, cann o n, circ u s; ch air; hw in wh ich; ri ng ; sh op; th in; th ere; zh in trea s ure. profits
(pro ' f ts) n. Plural of profit: Money a business makes. progress
(prog ' res) n. Movement forward. proper
(pro ' pûr) adj. Suitable; correct. protested (pr tes ' t d) v. Past tense of protest: To say in disagreement. provide
(pr v d ' ) v. To give something to someone. provisions (pr vi ' zh nz) n. Plural of provision: A supply of food and other necessary items. pruned
(pr nd) v. Past tense of prune: To trim, as a plant. publication (pu' bl k ' sh n) n. Printed material for the public to read. publish
(pu ' blish) v. To print for the public to read. pure
(py r) adj. Not mixed with anything. Below are some words derived from the word pure. Word Derivations impure purity
purify impurity
purist purification ultrapure Puritan
repurify pursued
(pûr s d ' ) v. Past tense of pursue: To chase. pursuit
(pûr s t ' ) n. The act of chasing. Q questionnaire (kwes ' ch nâr') n. A printed list of questions used by researchers.
raging
(r ' jing) adj. Violent; wild. randomly
(ran ' d m l ) adv. By chance. ranked
(rangk) v. Past tense of rank: To place in order on a list. rarely
(râr ' l ) adv. Not often. 683
rays rust
rays (r z) n. Plural of ray: A beam of light. react (r akt ' ) v. To act because something has happened. realized (r ' l zd') v. Past tense of realize: To understand. rebelling (ri bel ' ) v. Form of rebel: To fight against authority. recalled (ri käld ' ) v. Past tense of recall: To remember. records (re ' kûrdz) n. Plural of record: A written account of what happened before. recurring (ri kûr ' ing) n. Happening over and over. rejected (ri jek ' t d) v. Past tense of reject: To turn down. related (ri l ' t d) adj. Connected. release (ri l s ' ) v. To let loose. remained (ri m nd ' ) v. Past tense of remain: To be left over. representatives (re' pri zen ' t tivz) n. Plural of representative: Someone chosen to speak or act for others. research (ri sûrch ' ) n. The act of hunting for facts. reservoir (re ' z vwär') n. A lake, often artificial, for storing water. resolute (rez ' uh loot) adj. Marked by firm determination. responsibilities (ri spont' s bi ' l t ) n. Plural of responsibility: An important duty. results (ri zults ' ) n. Plural of result: What you find out when you do an experiment. rich (rich) adj. Deep and full of something. rights (r ts) n. Plural of right: A lawful or moral power or privilege. rigor (ri ' g r) n. Strict precision. rippling (ri ' p ling) v. Form of ripple: To move like a wave. rot (rot) n. A decay or breaking down of dead things. route (r t) n. A path or road. ruins (r ' nz) n. Plural of ruin: The remains of something destroyed or decayed. rumors (r ' mûrz) n. Plural of rumor: A story without proof that passes from person to person. rust (rust) v. To have the iron parts turn reddish and scaly, then fall away. 684 sacrifice sharp Pronunciation Key: a t; l te; c â re; f ä ther; s e t; m; i t; k te; o x; r se; ô in b ou ght; c oi n; b k; t; f or m; ou t; u p; se; t û rn; sound in a bout, chick e n, penc i l, cann o n, circ u s; ch air; hw in wh ich; ri ng ; sh op; th in; th ere; zh in trea s ure. S sacrifice (sak ' r f s) n. A choice to give up one thing to get something else. sags
(sagz) v. Present tense of sag: To sink or hang down. sample
(sam ' p l) n. A group of people chosen to represent a much larger population. scaffolding (ska ' f l ding) n. A system of platforms that workers stand on as they work on a building.
scarce
(skârs) adj. Hard to find. scarcely
(skârs ' l ) adv. Barely. scarlet
(skär ' l t) adj. Bright red. scrap
(skrap) adj. Old and ready to be processed and reused or discarded. scurvy
(skûr ' v ) n. A disease resulting from not enough vitamin C in the diet. seaweed
(s ' w d) n. A plant that grows near the surface of the sea. seceding
(si s ' ding) v. Form of secede: To break away. series
(s r ' z) n. Several of something in a row. serpent
(sûr ' p nt) n. A snake. servant
(sûr ' v nt) n. Someone who is paid to do household work for someone else. setting
(se ' ting) n. Where the action in a play takes place. settle
(se ' t l) v. 1. To stop traveling and make a home. 2. To decide. Word Derivations Below are some words derived from the word settle. settler settlement settled resettle unsettled unsettle shan't
(shant) v. adv. Contraction form of shall not: Will not, won't. sharp
(shärp) adj. Able to see details. 685
shocked startled shocked
(shokt) v. Past tense of shock: To jolt with electricity. shrivel
(shri ' v l) v. To wrinkle and become small. shuddered (shu ' dûrd) v. Past tense of shudder: To shake with horror. sighs
(s z) v. Present tense of sigh: To make a sad sound by breathing out air. significantly (sig ni' fi k nt l ) adv.
silk
(silk) n. A smooth, expensive type of cloth. simulate
(sim ' y l t') v. To imitate. site
(s t) n. Location; place to build. sketch
(skech) n. A line drawing. skill
(skil) n. The ability to do something. skim
(skim) v. To move over lightly and swiftly. sledgehammer (slej ' ha' mûr) n.
slightly
(sl t ' l ) adv. By a little bit. slip
(slip) v. To put somewhere quickly and secretly. smoldering (sm l ' dûr ing) adj.
snatched
(snacht) v. Past tense of snatch: To grab. snowdrifts (sn ' drifts') n. Plural of snowdrift: A pile of snow gathered by the wind. soar
(sor) v. To fly high. sound
(sound) adj. Solid. spans
(spanz) n. Plural of span: The distance between two supports. sparks
(spärks) n. Plural of spark: A flash of energy caused by electric discharge. spotted
(spo ' t d) v. Past tense of spot: To see. spouting
(spou ' ting) v. Form of spout: To pour out. spread
(spred) v. To open outward. sprout
(sprout) v. To begin to grow. squandered (skwän ' dûrd) v. Past tense of squander: To foolishly spend. stable
(st ' b l) adj. Steady; dependable. start
(stärt) n. A jump due to a surprise. startled
(stär ' t ld) v. Past tense of startle: To make someone jump in surprise. 686
stencils sympathetic Pronunciation Key: a t; l te; c â re; f ä ther; s e t; m; i t; k te; o x; r se; ô in b ou ght; c oi n; b k; t; f or m; ou t; u p; se; t û rn; sound in a bout, chick e n, penc i l, cann o n, circ u s; ch air; hw in wh ich; ri ng ; sh op; th in; th ere; zh in trea s ure. stencils
(stent' s lz) n. Plural of stencil: A cutout pattern used for making a letter shape with paint or markers. stencils stored
(stord) adj. Having been put away for future use. strain
(str n) v. To hurt yourself by trying to do too much. Word Derivations Below are some words derived from the word strain. restrain restrains straining restrained strained strains restraining strainer unrestrained strikes (str ks) n. Plural of strike: A work stoppage as a form of protest. strive
(str v) v. To work to get something. strums
(strumz) v. Present tense of strum: To brush a hand across the strings of an instrument. stubborn
(stu ' bûrn) adj. Unwilling to change. studied
(stu ' d d) v. Past tense of study: To examine carefully. submitted (s b mi ' t d) v. Past tense of submit: To send in; to hand over. summoned
(su ' m nd) v. Past tense of summon: To send for. suspended (s spen ' d d) v. Past tense of suspend: To hang. swarming
(swor ' ming) v. Form of swarm: To gather or live in a large group. sympathetic (sim' p the ' tik) adj.
Word History Sympathetic comes from the Greek roots sym, "together" and páthos, "feeling," plus the English suffix -etic, "relating to." 687
table treacherous T table
(t ' b l) n. A chart with rows and columns. tangled
(tang ' g ld) v. Past tense of tangle: To wrap in a mess. taxes
(taks ' s) n. Plural of tax: Money people must pay to the government. techniques (tek n ks ' ) n. Plural of technique: Method; way of doing things. telescope (te ' l sk p') n. A tool for seeing things far away. tensely
(tents ' l ) adv. Feeling emotional strain. territory (târ ' tor' ) n. An area of land owned by a country, but whose people do not have the rights of that country. thrive
(thr v) v. To succeed; to grow well. tides
(t dz) n. Plural of tide: The rise and fall of the sea. Word History Below are some words derived from the word tide. ebb tide tidal wave tidemark high tide tide table tides low tide tideland tidewater tidal tideless tideway tortillas (tor t ' y z) n. Plural of tortilla: Mexican flat corn or wheat bread. touched
(tucht) adj. Affected or moved emotionally. trader
(tr ' dûr) n. Someone who buys and sells things. transcontinental (trants' kon' t nen ' t l) adj. Stretching from coast to coast. Word History The noun continent traces back to the Latin continere, "to hold together." Transcontinental is an English word formed by adding the prefix trans-, "across" and suffix -al, "pertaining to." transferred (trants fûrd ' ) v. Past tense of transfer: To pass along. transform (trans förm ' ) v. To change from one thing to another. translated (trants l ' t d) v. Past tense of translate: To change words or thoughts from one language into another. treacherous (tre ' ch r s) adj. Full of danger. Word History The noun treachery traces back to Old French trichier, "to cheat." Treacherous is produced by adding the adjective suffix -ous, "having the nature of." 688
treated violate Pronunciation Key: a t; l te; c â re; f ä ther; s e t; m; i t; k te; o x; r se; ô in b ou ght; c oi n; b k; t; f or m; ou t; u p; se; t û rn; sound in a bout, chick e n, penc i l, cann o n, circ u s; ch air; hw in wh ich; ri ng ; sh op; th in; th ere; zh in trea s ure. treated
(tr ' t d) v. Past tense of treat: To deal with. trembled
(trem ' b ld) v. Past tense of tremble: To shake. tremendous (tri men ' d s) adj.
trickled
(tri ' k ld) v. Past tense of trickle: To run slowly in a series of drops or a thin stream. tropical
(tro ' pi k l) adj. Having warm, moist weather throughout the year due to being near the equator. tunnel
(tu ' n l) n. A long passage built through a mountain or under the ground. typical
(ti ' pi k l) adj. Average; normal for its kind. U uncovered ( n ku ' vûrd) v. Past tense of uncover: To dig up. unicycle
( ' ni s ' k l) n. A pedaled vehicle with one wheel. unicycle urbanization ( r ' b n z ' sh n) n.
value
(val ' y ) n. Worth; importance. vanished
(va ' nisht) v. Past tense of vanish: To disappear. various
(vâr ' s) adj. Of many different kinds. vast
(vast) adj. Large; widespread. versions
(vûr ' zh nz) n. Plural of version: A particular telling of a story. veteran
(ve ' t r n) n. Someone who has served in a war. violate
(v ' l t') v. To fail to obey; to break. 689
wages yearning W wages
(w ' j z) n. Plural of wage: Pay received for work. wealth
(welth) n. A great amount of money. wearily
(w r ' l ) adv. In a tired way. wilderness (wil ' dûr n s) n. A large, unsettled region of woods or deserts. windmills (wind ' milz') n. Plural of windmill: A machine that uses the power of wind to grind grain or produce eletrical power.
wither
(wi' th ûr) v. To dry up; to shrivel. wobbled
(wo ' b ld) v. Past tense of wobble: To shake back and forth unsteadily. worth
(wûrth) n. The value placed on an item. worthless (wûrth ' l s) adj. Of no value; useless. wove
(w v) v. Past tense of weave: To lace together. Y yearning
(yûr ' ning) v. Form of yearn: To long; to wish. 690
From THE CASE OF THE GASPING GARBAGE (DOYLE & FOSSEY, SCIENCE DETECTIVES) by Michele Torrey, copyright © 2001 by Michele Torrey, text. Used by permission of Dutton Children's Books, A Division of Penguin Young Readers Group, A Member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 345 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014. All rights reserved. HOW BENJAMIN FRANKLIN STOLE THE LIGHTNING. Text copyright © 2003 by Rosalyn Schanzer. Illustrations copyright © 2003 by Rosalyn Schanzer. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers. "How Fast Do You Eat Your Ice Cream?" excerpts from ODYSSEY's December 2003 issue: STATS: TALKING NUMBERS, © 2003, Carus Publishing Company, published by Cobblestone Publishing, 30 Grove Street, Suite C, Peterborough, NH 03458. All Rights Reserved. Used by permission of the publisher. "What is Science?" Copyright © 1999, 2006 by Rebecca Kai Dotlich. First appeared in SPECTACULAR SCIENCE: A BOOK OF POEMS selected by Lee Bennett Hopkins, published by Simon & Schuster. Now appears in WHAT IS SCIENCE?, published by Henry Holt & Co. Reprinted by permission of Curtis Brown, Ltd. Reprinted with the permission of Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, an imprint of Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing Division from SPECTACULAR SCIENCE edited by Lee Bennett Hopkins, illustrated by Virginia Halstead. Illustrations copyright © 1999 Virginia Halstead. Maxine Kumin, "The Microscope." from THE WONDERFUL BABIES OF 1809 (AND OTHER YEARS). G.P. Putnam, 1968. Copyright © 1968 by Maxine Kumin. Reprinted by permission of the author.
"The Golden Spike" from THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD, text copyright © 1993 by Dan Elish. Reprinted with permission of the author. All rights reserved. "John Henry Races The Steam Drill" by Paul Robert Walker from BIG MEN, BIG COUNTRY: A Collection of American Tall Tales by Paul Robert Walker. Used by permission of the author. "Immigrant Children" by Sylvia Whitman. Text copyright © 2000 by Sylvia Whitman. Reprinted with the permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this text excerpt may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. THE DUST BOWL by Ann Heinrichs. Copyright © 2005. Used by permission of Compass Point Books. POP'S BRIDGE text copyright © 2006 by Eve Bunting, illustrations copyright © 2006 by C.F. Payne, reprinted by permission of Harcourt, Inc. This material may not be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher. "Migrants" from OUT OF THE DUST by Karen Hesse Scholastic Inc./ Scholastic Press. Copyright © 1997 by Karen Hesse. Reprinted by permission.
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