Cyprus
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Privatisation
wage freezes
retirement age of public sector workers
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Czech Republic
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Privatisation
lack of employers' organisation
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Estonia
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Moves towards legislative change to allow for the establishment of employers' organisations in the sector of local/regional government.
Lack of independent/stable budgets.
Low wages and regional salary differences.
Low unionisation rates.
Changes in municipal responsibilities.
Outsourcing and competitive tendering
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Hungary
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Fragmentation of representation of local government organisations.
Lack of employers' organisations.
New pay scheme for civil servants.
Privatisation.
Low wages.
Reductions in public spending.
Changes in responsibilities of different levels of local government.
New administrative procedures
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Latvia
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Lack of social partner involvement due to low unionisation rates and institutional weakness.
Lack of fiscal autonomy of local authorities.
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Lithuania
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Absence of employers' organisation.
Law is required to allow employers' organisations in the sector to bargain collectively. There are now efforts to create such a new law.
Lack of financial autonomy.
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Malta
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Privatisation.
Introduction of Public Private Partnerships.
Greater customer orientation.
Different working patterns.
Job security
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Poland
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Financial constraints.
New Labour Code Requirements, which call for collective agreements to be concluded between trade unions and employers' organisations from 2009.
Status of municipal civil service.
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Slovak Republic
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Financial constraints. The Association of Cities and Municipalities of Slovakia refused to sign the 2004 collective agreement as it considered that insufficient financial resources were allocated to municipalities
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Slovenia
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Low level of autonomy for municipalities.
2003 Public Sector Wages Act restricted salaries for public officials.
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Bulgaria
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Lack of financial independence leading to disproportion between rights and responsibilities.
Poor standard of municipal infrastructure.
Moves towards privatisation.
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Romania
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Privatisation
Conditions for competitive tendering
Deficiency of local strategies for the development of public services.
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Turkey
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Privatisation
Dismissals and collective redundancies
Late payment of wages and benefits.
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