Tampa Prep 2009-2010 Impact Defense File
AT: U.S. Brazil Relations
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AT: U.S. Brazil RelationsUS-Brazilian relations are at an unprecedented level, despite differences – Brazil is devoted to cooperation with the US. The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 1-24-07 (“The Future of U.S.-Brazilian Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1419&fuseaction=topics.event_summary&event_id=213989) Not a single action taken or decision made by the United States in the last three years has negatively affected Brazilian interests, claimed Ambassador Roberto Abdenur, before a packed conference room in what was his last public appearance as Brazil’s ambassador in Washington. When he took the position in 2004, Brazilian indignation with Iraq and over onerous visa procedures and poor treatment of visiting nationals had caused a temporary strain in the relationship. Other potential obstacles to strengthening the relationship that were successfully avoided include possible trade sanctions against Brazil over intellectual piracy, Brazil’s refusal to exempt U.S. troops and officials from the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, mutual charges of dumping, and U.S. threat to removes its General System of Preferences for Brazil (which would have negatively affected approximately four billion dollars of Brazilian exports to the United States). Despite these challenges, Abdenur argued that the bilateral relationship has reached an unprecedented level of mutual understanding and deference to the other country’s positions and opinions, facilitated in no small part by President Lula’s pragmatism. Despite the existence of differences, Brazil-U.S. relations are on a productive platform to foster positive developments in the future. Lula has put aside his misgivings about some U.S. policies and embraced the fact that it is in Brazil’s best interests to foster strong relations with the United States, argued Abdenur. Much to the disdain of Brazil, the United States has mistakenly withdrawn from certain international discussions and scenarios and erroneously engaged in others, such as climate change and the Middle East. Additionally, Latin America is overlooked by its Northern neighbor. However, if and when the United States decides to refocus its energies upon the region, Abdenur is assured that Brazil would be its natural ally in such an endeavor. Brazil has good relations with all of its neighbors and strategically occupies a moderate space between the region’s divergent interests and trajectories, as illustrated by its leading role in the current international efforts to stabilize Haiti and by its contribution to the resolution of the conflict between Peru and Ecuador in the 1990s—in both cases in close cooperation with the United States. Abdenur argued that the United States is not the only actor that must take decisive steps towards a convergence of interests between the two countries: Brazil must stop fearing the United States and instead embrace it as a partner. AT: U.S. Canada RelationsRelations with Canada are deep and resilient. Ek and Fergusson 07 – (Carl and Ian F., Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division congressional researchers, May 15, “Canada-US Relations,” Order code 96-397, http://209.85.215.104/search?q=cache:jkhCWkW-D0wJ:www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/96-397.pdf+US+oil+Canada+relations+improve+benefit+importing+tar+sands+good&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=9&gl=us&client=safari) Regardless of the occasional rancor of U.S.-Canadian trade disputes, there is little danger that such conflicts would ever escalate into a full-blown trade war. The Canadians in particular have a strong incentive to resolve feuds and maintain close trade ties with the United States. The Canadian economy is heavily export-oriented, and its largest trading partner by far is the United States, takes more than 80% of Canada’s exports and is the source of nearly two-thirds of its imports. And although sharp disputes still plague the enormous bilateral trade relationship, it is important to bear in mind that such disputes normally affect only 2% of trade. AT: U.S. China Relations1. Sino-US relations are high and the most important issue is the economy, not attacking Lijuan 7/7 (Zhang, Reporter for China.org, “S&ED: An upgraded dialogue between China and US,” Chinag.org.cn, International, http://www.china.org.cn/international/2009-07/07/content_18086963.htm, AD: 7/7/09) AN A very recent signal of enhanced Sino-US relations is the creation of the new Sino-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED). This mechanism is an upgraded version of the Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) established in September 2006. The implications of "upgrades" will include dialogues with the Secretary of State, and will cover a wide variety of strategic and economic topics ranging from economy and trade, to climate change and environment, as well as to world politics at both national and international levels. Five year ago, former US Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick warned that "it is time to recognize China for what it is and may become, not what we imagine China to be." The creation of S&ED is tangible evidence that the US is facing the new practical realities of Sino-US relations. This is particularly true in light of the world financial crisis and economic recession. The S&ED will provide a top level forum for policymakers from both China and the U.S. to forge and enhanced bilateral economic cooperation and strengthening political cooperation. During the past few years, issues surrounding the Sino-US relations have covered the threatening power of China, the value of Chinese currency, and the disputes of intellectual property rights. While the world economic recession continues, however, none of the above is more important than stimulating the economy. If the United States is too big to fail, then China is too big to be ignored. For this reason, President Obama has sent both Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner to China to show the American willingness and emphasis of engaging China at this historical moment. 2. Relations resilient – disputes will not spillover or escalate Lieberthal, Michigan University Professor, January 2007 [Kenneth, “China’s March on the 21st Century,” http://www.aspeninstitute.org/atf/cf/%7BDEB6F227-659B-4EC8-8F84-8DF23CA704F5%7D/CMTCFINAL052307.PDF]] Second, the current U.S.-China relationship is not fragile. Indeed, it has become extraordinarily wide ranging,complex,and deeply embedded in the political and economic systems ofboth societies. Structurally,the financial,economic,and trade relationship is the most well-developed leg ofour current bilateral engagement. It has produced a situation ofsuch deep interdependence that only a very traumatic crisis could significantly change this in the short run. However,such disruption would palpably affect the standards of living in both countries. Despite well-known frictions, therefore,neither side is prepared to damage itselfby taking steps to fundamentally disentangle this economic interdependence. China has shown, moreover, that economic cooperation with the United States is sufficiently important to warrant serious concessions when necessary to keep this part ofour relationship in reasonably good working order. The existing U.S.-China engagement extends far beyond classic foreign policy and economic spheres. Indeed,almost every major agency in the U.S.government has serious programs and fre- quent contacts with its Chinese counterpart. This includes such bodies as the Department of Education, Housing and Urban Development, the Department of Energy, the Center for Disease Control,the Environmental Protection Agency,and so forth. In short,the overall U.S.-China relationship is mature:even very significant problems in any one issue area will not disrupt the entire relationship, and a very solid base already exists for future cooperative efforts. Considerable interests in each country have gelled around the specific forms ofengagement that the two countries have developed. 3. Sino-U.S. relations resilient – not a zero-sum game. Christensen 3/27/07 – Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs [Thomas J., statement before the House Committee of Foreign Affairs, U.S. Department of State, 3/27/07, http://www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2007/82276.htm] <President Bush has stated that he welcomes a China “that is peaceful and prosperous.” And, he has called for a U.S.-China relationship that is “candid, constructive, and cooperative.” The relationship as a whole has a solid foundation and has improved in recent years in some key areas of cooperation. That said, we continue to engage China candidly where we have real differences and concerns, including in areas such as human rights, trade, and military affairs. We engage China through a broad array of dialogues. In all of our interactions with China, we seek to further U.S. national interests by encouraging China to adopt measures at home and abroad that will benefit the United States, the international community, and China itself as it seeks long-term, stable development and greater integration into the international economy and multilateral institutions. Rather than trying to contain China, we are trying to help shape its choices as it rises in influence so that China plays a responsible and stabilizing role in the international system. Despite some areas of real friction, U.S.-China relations are far from a zero-sum game, and if we manage the relationship well on both sides of the Pacific, we should be able to keep it that way.> Directory: files -> documents documents -> North Mankato Taylor Library documents -> In the Red and Brown Water documents -> - documents -> I. Disaster Summary Sheet II. 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