Tampa Prep 2009-2010 Impact Defense File

AT: U.S. Civil War

Josh Levin, Slate Senior Editor, 8/5/2009 (http://www.slate.com/toolbar.aspx?action=print&id=2224104)

Eric Zuelow, a history professor at the University of New England and the editor of The Nationalism Project, argues that "loud voices" like Perry's bolster the country's strength. The fact that we can debate our country's legitimacy is a sign of national health. For the United States to fall to pieces, Zuelow says, it'll take more than a demagogue on a PA. Americans will have to come to believe they're no longer Americans. It wasn't always certain that the states would be as united as they are today. In An Empire Wilderness, Robert D. Kaplan explains that James Madison, one of the authors of the Federalist Papers, envisioned America as "an enormous geographical space with governance but without patriotism, in which the federal government would be a mere 'umpire,' refereeing competing interests." There are regional and ideological differences in the modern United States: People in the Deep South and the Pacific Northwest eat different foods, have different accents, and (generalizing broadly) have different lifestyles and values. But as compared with a place like the USSR, a constructed nation with immense regional diversity, the United States is bound together tightly by its shared origins, a common language and culture, and a widely held belief in the country's mythologies (American exceptionalism, self-reliance, and social mobility). In times of perceived danger, Americans pull together. After 9/11, Zuelow says, "I don't care where you were in the country, the response was We've been attacked. … It wasn't, We eat grits and We eat salmon."

What kinds of countries fall apart? Jason Sorens, a political scientist at the University at Buffalo who studies contemporary secessionist movements, says that ethnicity, economics, and ideology all come into play. A secessionist sweet spot typically lies in a region with an embedded minority that has a common language and a history of prior independence. Latvia and Lithuania fit those requirements, as do the Serbs in Bosnia and Canada's Quebecois. According to Sorens' models, it's no surprise that there aren't any large-scale movements to break up the United States—the country is too prosperous and too cohesive. (Sorens' own Free State Project—a push to get libertarians to swarm New Hampshire and influence local politics—is "not a secessionist movement," he says, though "there are a lot of people [in the project] who would support that as a last resort.")

AT: U.S. E.U. Relations

1. The EU and the US depend on each other – a short dip in relations won’t have any impact

Hampton Roads International Security Quarterly, 7/15/08, US-EU Summit Declaration, http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews+articleid_2394258&title=June_2008_US-EU_Summit.html [SD]

We, the leaders of the United States of America and the European Union, met today in Brdo, Slovenia to further strengthen our strategic partnership. We view this Summit, and the fact that it is being hosted by Slovenia in its role as Presidency of the Council of the EU, as symbolic of our endeavour to realize a free, democratic and united Europe. The process of unifying Europe is one of the outstanding historical legacies of our partnership over the past half century. The strategic partnership between the U.S. and EU is firmly anchored in our common values and increasingly serves as a platform from which we can act in partnership to meet the most serious global challenges and to advance our shared values, freedom and prosperity around the globe. We seek a world based on international law, democracy, the rule of law and human rights, and strengthened by broad and sustainable market-based economic growth. The bond between the U.S. and the EU has proven its resilience through times of difficulty, and we continue to demonstrate global leadership and effective transatlantic cooperation in the face of the most pressing challenges of our day: Promoting international peace, stability, democracy, human rights, international criminal justice, the rule of law and good governance; Working together in conflict prevention and post-conflict reconstruction; Fighting the scourge of terrorism while protecting the fundamental freedoms on which our democratic societies are built; Encouraging the world's fast-growing economic powers to assume their responsibilities in the global rules-based system; Fostering an open, competitive and innovative transatlantic economy, through free movement of goods, persons, services and capital, while working together towards a prompt, balanced and ambitious agreement in the WTO Doha Round that creates new market access and strengthens growth in both developed and developing nations; Combating climate change, promoting energy security and efficiency, helping developing nations lift themselves out of poverty, and fighting the most crippling infectious diseases. An effective response to these challenges requires transatlantic unity of purpose and effective multilateral approaches. We stand stronger when we stand together especially in meeting new global challenges.

2. US/EU fights inevitable – and no impact

Ahearn, Archick, Belkin 07 Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division [Raymond Ahearn, Kristin Archick, Paul Belkin “U.S.-European Union Relations and the 2007 Summit” may 14, 2007 http://ftp.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS22645.pdf/]

The U.S. Congress and successive U.S. administrations have supported the EU project since its inception as a way to foster a stable Europe, democratic states, and strong trading partners. The United States has welcomed EU efforts since the end of the Cold War to expand the political and economic benefits of membership to central and eastern Europe, and supports the EU aspirations of Turkey and the western Balkan states. The United States and the EU share a huge and mutually beneficial economic relationship. Two-way flows of goods, services, and foreign investment now exceed $1.0 trillion on an annual basis, and the total stock of two-way direct investment is over $1.9 trillion. Nevertheless, the U.S.-EU relationship has been challenged in recent years as numerous trade and foreign policy conflicts have emerged. The 2003 crisis over Iraq, which bitterly divided the EU and severely strained U.S.-EU relations, is most notable, but the list of disagreements has been wide and varied. Although Europeans are not monolithic in their views, many EU member states have objected to at least some elements of U.S. policy on issues ranging from the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to U.S. treatment of terrorist detainees to climate change and aircraft subsidies. Since 2003, however, both sides have made efforts to improve relations, and successive U.S.-EU summits have sought to emphasize areas of cooperation and partnership. At the same time, challenges and some tensions remain in the U.S.-EU relationship.
3. US-EU Relations Resilient- Terror Efforts Prove

Arce 10 a writer for the Jurist, University of Pittsburgh School of Law, and Research Assistant, Professor Bernard Hibbitts, Editor-in-Chief of JURIST. Dwyer Arce, “US, EU emphasize human rights in counter-terrorism efforts”, Jurist, June 04, 2010, pg 1. (http://jurist.org/paperchase/2010/06/us-eu-emphasize-human-rights-in-counterterrorism-efforts.php)

[JURIST] A joint statement [text] issued by the US and EU on Thursday emphasized the need to respect international human rights and religious freedom in counter-terrorism efforts. The EU-US 2010 Declaration on Counter-Terrorism was adopted by the Council of the European Union [official website] and US representatives in Luxembourg. The declaration affirms the commitment of the US and EU governments to combat what was described as criminal and unjustifiable terrorist activity while respecting human rights law and religious freedom and expression. The declaration also calls on states to refrain from the use of racial or religious profiling and to abide by domestic constitutional law. Spanish Interior Minister Alfredo Perez Rubalcaba [official website], whose country holds the EU's rotating presidency, described the declaration as a message to the Islamic world [AFP report] and as establishing a unified US-EU terrorism strategy. Shortly after, the US State Department [official website] issued a statement [text] echoing these sentiments. The declaration comes a day in advance of an EU-Pakistan summit [RFERL report], which will be attended by Pakistani Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani [BBC profile].

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