The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats
Table S11. Checklist of the phylum Chlorophyta and comments to the checklist
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- Phylum Chlorophyta Class Bryopsidophyceae
- Class Chlorophyceae
- Class Prasinophyceae
- Class Trebouxiophyceae
- Class Ulvophyceae
- Nomenclatural changes
Table S11. Checklist of the phylum Chlorophyta and comments to the checklistAlgae belonging to the phylum Chlorophyta (Kingdom Plantae) have been classified by Classes, Orders, Families, Species and other infraspecific levels (subspecies, varieties and forms). Ordination is alphabetical. When no infraspecific level is indicated the taxa corresponds to the type variety. This list is based in the check-list by Gallardo et al. (1993), with some updates and modifications. Particular attention has been devoted to local checklists published after the revision by Gallardo et al. (1993): Puglia (Southern Italy) (Cormaci et al., 2001), Tuscany (Northwestern Italy) (Rindi et al. 2002), Morocco (Benhissoune et al. 2001) and Italian coasts (Furnari et al. 2003). Lists of Mediterranean introduced species have also been considered (e.g. Verlaque 2001; Boudouresque & Verlaque 2002; Zenetos et al. 2005, 2008; Verlaque et al. in press). Black Sea is not included. Taxonomy follows Algaebase (www.algaebase.org) if not otherwise indicated. Endemic species (found only in the Mediterranean basin, Black Sea included) are preceded by the symbol *. A careful and critical examination of the existing records of every species from the available literature has been performed in order to consider a species as endemic. Introduced species are preceded by the symbol #. As it is not always easy to detect introduced species from the distributional records, we mainly follow the criteria by other authors specialized in this issue. Superscript numbers refer to notes. Some of the commonest synonyms found in Mediterranean literature (if any) are sometimes placed after the currently accepted name. Other synonyms can be found at Algaebase. A list of taxa inquirenda as well as a list of taxa excludenda is also given at the end of the list; species considered as taxa inquirenda or taxa excludenda in Gallardo et al. (1993) are not stated again.
Notes 1. Genus Bryopsis Lamouroux requires nomenclatural and taxonomical re-investigation. 2. We agree with González Henríquez & Santos Guerra (1983) in considering that Caulerpa prolifera and Caulerpa ollivieri are conspecific. 3. Delimitation of Caulerpa racemosa varieties follows Verlaque et al. (2000) amended by Verlaque et al. (2003). 4. Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea was first reported as Caulerpa racemosa aff. var. occidentalis (J. Agardh) Boergesen (Verlaque et al. 2000). 5. Codium adhaerens C. Agardh is present in the Mediterranean (Alboran Sea) (Benhissoune et al. 2001; Ballesteros pers. obs., confirmed by PC Silva). 6. The subspecies of Codium fragile that has been introduced in the Mediterranean has been usually identified as ssp. tomentosoides (e.g. Gallardo et al. 1993; Boudouresque & Verlaque 2002; Zenetos et al. 2005). However, Verlaque et al. (in press) only report ssp. fragile. 7. Reported by Bottalico et al. (2006). 8. Planktonic flagellates, not benthic. 9. We do not follow John et al. (2004) nor Algaebase in considering Chaetomorpha ligustica (Kützing) Kützing and Chaetomorpha mediterranea (Kützing) Kützing as synonyms. 10. Requires nomenclatural and taxonomical re-investigation. 11. See Verlaque (2001). 12. Genus Blidingia requires nomenclatural and taxonomical re-investigation. 13. Taxonomy of Mediterranean species of Ulva requires further research. 14. Blomster et al. (1999) consider Enteromorpha ramulosa (Smith) Carmichael, Enteromorpha muscoides (Clemente) Cremades and Enteromorpha crinita Nees to be heterotypic synonyms of Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville. We maintain the synonymy although in our opinion distinction between these entities at a Mediterranean level should be reassessed. 15. John et al. (2004) note that, according to Hayden et al. (2003), the species is invalid because Bliding (1960) did not cite the type. Taxa inquirenda (see also Gallardo et al. 1993) Cladophora hutchinsioides Hoek & Womersley: see Zenetos et al. (2008) regarding the identification of this species. Cladophora suhriana Kützing: see Furnari et al. (2003). Enteromorpha prolifera (O.F. Müller) J. Agardh var. crispatissima Schiffner: see Furnari et al. (2003). Enteromorpha prolifera (O.F. Müller) J. Agardh var. tenuis Schiffner: see Furnari et al. (2003). Flabellia minima (Ernst) Nizamuddin. Ulothrix mucosa Oltmanns: see Furnari et al. (2003). Ulva lactuca Linnaeus f. laciniata (J. Agardh) De Toni: see Furnari et al. (2003). Taxa excludenda (see also Gallardo et al. 1993) Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. racemosa: see Verlaque et al. (2000). Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe: doubtful record; its presence in the Mediterranean should be confirmed (Gallardo et al. 1993). Microdictyon laxereticulatum Setchell: included in the Mediterranean checklist (Gallardo et al. 1993), it is based on a supposed record by Setchell (1929) from Italy. This species is not reported in the Italian checklist by Furnari et al. (2003). Sphaeroplea braunii Kützing: reported by Güven & Öztig (1971), it is a freshwater species. Ulva flexuosa Wulfen ssp. biflagellata (Bliding) Ballesteros, comb. nov.: reported as Enteromorpha flexuosa ssp. biflagellata by Sfriso (1987). The taxonomy of the complex flexuosa is so complicated that, in our opinion, the presence of this subspecies in the Mediterranean needs to be confirmed. Ulva flexuosa Wulfen ssp. paradoxa (C. Agardh) Wynne var. profunda (Bliding) Ballesteros, comb. nov.: reported as Enteromorpha flexuosa ssp. paradoxa var. profunda by Sfriso (1987). The taxonomy of the complex flexuosa is so complicated that, in our opinion, the presence of this variety in the Mediterranean needs to be confirmed. Ulva hendayensis (Dangeard & Parriaud) Ballesteros comb. nov.: reported from southern Spain by Conde (1984) as Enteromorpha hendayensis. According to Gallardo et al. (1993) the presence of this species in the Mediterranean needs to be confirmed. Ulothrix zonata (Weber & Mohr) Kützing: reported from southern Italy (Giaccone et al. 1985), it is a freshwater species. Nomenclatural changes According to Hayden et al. (2003) the genus Enteromorpha should be included in Ulva. Therefore the following new combinations are proposed: Ulva adriatica (Bliding) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha adriatica Bliding (1960, Botaniska Notiser 113, p. 174, fig. 3)]. Ulva aragoënsis (Bliding) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha aragoënsis Bliding (1960, Botaniska Notiser 113, p. 174, fig. 2a-f)]. Ulva flexuosa Wulfen ssp. biflagellata (Bliding) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha biflagellata Bliding (1944, Botaniska Notiser 1944, p. 346, figs. 19-23). Homotypic synonym: Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) C. Agardh ssp. biflagellata Bliding (1963, Opera Botanica 8(3), p. 88)]. Ulva flexuosa Wulfen ssp. paradoxa (C. Agardh) Wynne var. profunda (Bliding) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) C. Agardh ssp. paradoxa (Dillwyn) Bliding var. profunda Bliding (1963, Opera Botanica 8(3), p. 85, figs. 46-47)]. Ulva flexuosa Wulfen ssp. linziformis (Bliding) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha linziformis Bliding (1960, Botaniska Notiser 113, p. 181, figs. 8-9). Homotypic synonym: Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) C. Agardh ssp. linziformis (Bliding) Bliding (1963, Opera Botanica 8(3), p. 87)]. Ulva hendayensis (Dangeard & Parriaud) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha hendayensis Dangeard & Parriaud (1960, Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 250, p. 2972, figs. 1-2)]. Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus f. cornucopiae (Lyngbye) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Scytosiphon intestinalis c cornucopiae Lyngbye (1819, Tentamen hydrophytologiae danicae; continens omnia hydrophyta cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae hucusqve cognita, systematice disposita, descripta et iconibus illustrata, adjectis simul speciebus norvegicis, Hafniae, Copenhagen, p. 67). Homotypic synonym: Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees f. cornucopiae (Lyngbye) J. Agardh]. Ulva jugoslavica (Bliding) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha jugoslavica Bliding (1960, Botaniska Notiser 113, p. 172, fig. 1)]. Ulva multiramosa (Bliding) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha multiramosa Bliding (1960, Botaniska Notiser 113, p. 177, figs. 4-5)]. Ulva stipitata (Dangeard) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha stipitata P. Dangeard (1959, Botaniste 42, p. 42, figs. 16-17)]. Ulva stipitata (Dangeard) Ballesteros var. linzoides (Bliding) Ballesteros comb. nov. [Basionym: Enteromorpha stipitata Dangeard var. linzoides Bliding (1960, Botaniska Notiser 113, p. 179)]. References Benhissoune S, Boudouresque CF, Verlaque M. 2001. A checklist of marine seaweeds of the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Morocco I. Chlorophyceae Wille s.l. Botanica Marina 44: 171-182. Bliding C. 1944. Zur Systematik der schwedischen Enteromorphen. Botaniska Notiser 1944: 331-356. Bliding C. 1960. A preliminary report on some new Mediterranean green algae. Botaniska Notiser 113: 172-184. Bliding C. 1963. A critical survey of European taxa in Ulvales. Part I. Capsosiphon, Percusaria, Blidingia, Enteromorpha. Opera Botanica 8(3): 1-160. Blomster J, Maggs CA, Stanhope MJ. 1999. Extensive intraspecific morphological variation in Enteromorpha muscoides (Chlorophyta) revealed by molecular analysis. Journal of Phycology 35: 575-586. Bottalico A, Delle Foglie CI, Perrone C, 2006. New records along the Apulian coasts. In: Proceedings of the Second Mediterranean Symposium on Marine Vegetation (Athens, 12-13 December 2003): 77-82. RAC-SPA edit., Tunis. Boudouresque CF, Verlaque M. 2002. Biological pollution in the Mediterranean Sea: invasive versus introduced macrophytes. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 32-38. Conde F. 1984. Catálogo de las algas macrobentónicas marinas de Málaga. Acta Botanica Malacitana 9: 47-78. Cormaci M, Furnari G, Alongi G, Serio D, Petrocelli A, Cecere E. 2001. Censimento delle macroalghe marine bentoniche delle coste pugliesi. Thalassia Salentina 25: 75-158. Gallardo T, Gómez-Garreta A, Ribera MA, Cormaci M, Furnari G, Giaccone G, Boudouresque CF. 1993. Checklist of Mediterranean seaweeds II. Chlorophyceae Wille s.l. Botanica Marina 36: 399-421. González Henríquez N, Santos Guerra A. 1983. El género Caulerpa Lamouroux en las islas Canarias. Botanica Macaronesica 11: 3-24. Dangeard P. 1959. Observations sur queques Ulvacées du Maroc. Botaniste 42: 5-63. Dangeard P., Parriaud H. 1960. Sur une Entéromorphe nouvelle (E. hendayensis nov. sp.) à développement du type tubulosa. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 250: 2970-2973. Furnari G, Giaccone G, Cormaci M, Alongi G, Serio D. 2003. Biodiversità marina delle coste italiane: catalogo del macrofitobentos. Biologia Marina Mediterranea 10(1): 1-482. Giaccone G, Colonna P, Graziano C, Mannino AM, Tornatore E, Cormaci M, Furnari G, Scammacca B. 1985. Revisione della flora marina di Sicilia e isole minori. Bollettino della Accademia Gioenia Scienze Naturale di Catania 18: 537-781. Güven KC, Öztig F. 1971. Über die marinen Algen an den Küsten der Türkei. Botanica Marina 14: 121-128. Hayden HS, Blomster J, Maggs CA, Silva PC, Stanhope MJ, Waaland JR. 2003. Linnaeus was right all along: Ulva and Enteromorpha are not distinct genera. European Journal of Phycology 38: 277-294. John DM, Prud'homme van Reine WF, Lawson GW, Kostermans TB, Price JH. 2004. A taxonomic geographical catalogue of the seaweeds of the western coast of Africa and adjacent islands. Nova Hedwigia 127: 1-339. Lyngbye HC. 1819. Tentamen hydrophytologiae danicae; continens omnia hydrophyta cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae hucusqve cognita, systematice disposita, descripta et iconibus illustrata, adjectis simul speciebus norvegicis, Hafniae, Copenhagen, 248 pp. Rindi F, Sartoni G, Cinelli F. 2002. A floristic account of the benthic marine algae of Tuscany (Western Mediterranean Sea). Nova Hedwigia 74: 201-250. Setchell WA. 1929. The genus Microdictyon. University of California Publications in Botany 14: 453-588. Sfriso A. 1987. Flora and vertical distribution of macroalgae in the lagoon of Venice: a comparison with previous studies. Giornale Botanico Italiano 121: 69-85. Verlaque M. 2001. Checklist of the macroalgae of the Thau lagoon (Hérault, France), a hot spot of marine species introduction in Europe. Oceanologica Acta 24: 29-49. Verlaque M, Boudouresque CF, Meinesz A, Gravez V. 2000. The Caulerpa racemosa complex (Caulerpales, Ulvophyceae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Botanica Marina 43: 49-68. Verlaque M, Durand C, Huisman JM, Boudouresque CF, Le Parco Y. 2003. On the identity and origin of the Mediterranean invasive Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta). European Journal of Phycology 38: 325-339. Verlaque M, Ruitton S, Mineur F, Boudouresque CF. in press. 4. Macrophytes. In: Briand F (ed), CIESM Atlas of Exotic species in the Mediterranean. CIESM Publishers. Monaco. Zenetos A, Çinar ME, Pancucci-Papadopoulou MA, Harmelin JG, Furnari G, Andaloro F, Bellou N, Streftaris N, Zibrowius H. 2005. Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. Mediterranean Marine Science 6: 63-118. Zenetos A, Meriç E, Verlaque M, Galli P, Boudouresque CF, Giangrande A, Çinar ME, Bilecenoglu M. 2008. Additions to the annotated list of marine alien biota in the Mediterranean with special emphasis on Foraminifera and Parasites. Mediterranean Marine Science 9: 119-165.
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