Mollusca
|
|
|
|
Galiteuthis glacialis
|
F
|
4.75
|
168.0
|
(105)
|
Moroteuthis ingens
|
F
|
200.00
|
3000.0
|
(106)
|
Moroteuthis ingens
|
M
|
15.50
|
704.5
|
(106)
|
Octopus vulgaris
|
F
|
7.24
|
2758.8
|
(107)
|
Octopus vulgaris
|
M
|
127.62
|
2307.4
|
(107)
|
Todarodes sagittatus
|
F
|
147.85
|
3319.9
|
(108)
|
Reptilia
|
|
|
|
|
Caiman crocodilus fuscus
|
F
|
99.07
|
16067.6
|
(109)
|
Caiman crocodilus fuscus
|
M
|
10.10
|
29039.9
|
(109)
|
Sceloporous scalaris
|
F
|
0.011
|
3.1
|
(110)
|
Sceloporous scalaris
|
M
|
0.034
|
7.0
|
(110)
|
Sphenomorphus quoyii
|
F
|
0.056
|
22.9
|
(111)
|
Sphenomorphus quoyii
|
M
|
0.023
|
23.0
|
(111)
|
Sternotherus odoratus
|
F
|
3.791
|
164.7
|
(112)
|
Table S3B. Gonad and soma mass data for eusocial organisms shown in Figure 2B. Head length or body length conversions to body mass used the equations in Tables S2B and S2C. Dry mass was converted to wet mass assuming a 80% water content. Species names not italicized are morphospecies from the collection of Kaspari or, when prefaced with “JTL” of John T Longino http://academic.evergreen.edu/projects/ants/AntsofCostaRica.html
Species
|
Summed Queen mass (g)
|
Summed worker mass (g)
|
References
|
Anochetus diegensis
|
0.00414
|
0.0636
|
This study
|
Aphaenogaster fulva
|
0.0311
|
0.518
|
This study
|
Aphaenogaster occidentalis
|
0.0335
|
0.808
|
This study
|
Aphaenogaster rudis complex
|
0.00653
|
0.446
|
This study
|
Apterostigma auriculatum
|
0.0087
|
0.122
|
This study
|
Basiceros _m1_
|
0.00133
|
0.0141
|
This study
|
Brachymyrmex _C1_
|
0.00069
|
0.0073
|
This study
|
Brachymyrmex _fs1_
|
0.00824
|
0.0849
|
This study
|
Brachymyrmex depilis
|
0.00148
|
0.0173
|
This study
|
Brachymyrmex JTL-008
|
0.000235
|
0.0038
|
This study
|
Camponotus _ls1_
|
0.104
|
1.138
|
This study
|
Camponotus castaneus
|
0.14
|
4.0
|
This study
|
Camponotus herculeanus
|
0.132
|
86.1
|
(39, 113-115)
|
Camponotus noveboracensis
|
0.614
|
5.90
|
This study
|
Crematogaster flavosensitiva
|
0.00166
|
0.0501
|
This study
|
Crematogaster minutissima
|
0.0396
|
0.050
|
This study
|
Cyphomyrmex _min1_
|
0.00071
|
0.0230
|
This study
|
Cyphomyrmex costatus
|
0.00066
|
0.0111
|
This study
|
Cyphomyrmex minutus
|
0.00099
|
0.0278
|
This study
|
Cyphomyrmex rimosus
|
0.00192
|
0.0674
|
This study
|
Dolichoderus imitator
|
0.00896
|
0.103
|
This study
|
Ectatomma ruidum
|
0.0281
|
1.267
|
This study
|
Ectatomma tuberculatum
|
0.212
|
5.069
|
This study
|
Formica bradleyi
|
0.0562
|
0.477
|
This study
|
Formica exsecta
|
0.0229
|
8.27
|
(39, 113, 115)
|
Formica fusca
|
0.021
|
3.21
|
(39, 113, 115-116)
|
Formica neogagates
|
0.0413
|
1.804
|
This study
|
Formica obscuripes
|
2.43
|
415
|
This study (117)
|
Formica pallidefulva
|
0.0808
|
11.4
|
This study
|
Formica rufibarbis
|
0.0791
|
3.65
|
(39, 115)
|
Formica truncorum
|
0.0088
|
53.2
|
(115, 118)
|
Gnamptogenys horni
|
0.00124
|
0.0376
|
This study (119)
|
Gnamptogenys pleurodon
|
0.00608
|
0.0878
|
This study
|
Hylomyrma praepotens
|
0.00644
|
0.0839
|
This study
|
Lasius alienus
|
0.02289
|
5.59
|
(39, 115, 120)
|
Lasius carniolicus
|
0.00194
|
0.319
|
(39, 114-115)
|
Lasius flavus
|
0.0675
|
5.34
|
(39, 114, 116, 121)
|
Lasius niger
|
0.082
|
41.1
|
(39, 115, 122)
|
Lasius umbratus
|
0.0153
|
11.8
|
(39, 115, 120)
|
Leptothorax curvispinosus
|
0.00137
|
0.0143
|
This study
|
Leptothorax itinerans
|
0.00117
|
0.00828
|
This study
|
Leptothorax longispinosus
|
0.000894
|
0.0145
|
This study
|
Leptothorax muscorum
|
0.00805
|
0.0503
|
This study
|
Leptothorax nitella
|
0.00249
|
0.0629
|
This study
|
Leptothorax rugatulus
|
0.0124
|
0.0629
|
(123)
|
Monomorium minimum
|
0.0402
|
0.0993
|
This study
|
Monomorium wheelorum
|
0.00984
|
0.0275
|
This study
|
Mycetarotes senticosus
|
0.00358
|
0.0476
|
This study
|
Myrmecina americana
|
0.00240
|
0.0419
|
This study
|
Myrmecocystus kennedyi
|
0.142
|
0.682
|
This study
|
Myrmica americana
|
0.00651
|
0.413
|
This study
|
Myrmica brevicornis
|
0.0307
|
0.270
|
This study
|
Myrmica kotokui
|
0.00191
|
2.13
|
(38, 124)
|
Myrmica rubra
|
0.138
|
3.25
|
(39, 115, 125)
|
Myrmica ruginodis
|
0.00904
|
1.94
|
(39, 115, 125)
|
Myrmica rugulosa
|
0.0925
|
2.09
|
(39, 115, 125)
|
Myrmica sabuleti
|
0.0125
|
1.70
|
(39, 115, 125)
|
Myrmica schencki
|
0.00667
|
1.50
|
(39, 115, 125)
|
Myrmica sulcinodis
|
0.0056
|
0.573
|
(125-126)
|
Odontomachus bauri
|
0.0442
|
1.72
|
This study
|
Onychomyrmex hedleyi
|
0.00134
|
0.0129
|
(38, 114)
|
Pachycondyla harpax
|
0.0215
|
0.908
|
This study
|
Pachycondyla stigma
|
0.0103
|
0.0143
|
This study
|
Paraponera clavata
|
0.61
|
416
|
This study (119)
|
Paratrechina faisonensis
|
0.00271
|
0.0665
|
This study
|
Paratrechina guatamalensis
|
0.00192
|
0.0318
|
This study
|
Paratrechina JTL-007
|
0.00059
|
0.0265
|
This study
|
Paratrechina steinheili
|
0.00672
|
0.0585
|
This study
|
Pheidole boruca
|
0.00157
|
0.0490
|
This study
|
Pheidole creightoni
|
0.00212
|
0.0410
|
This study
|
Pheidole dentata
|
0.040925
|
0.228
|
This study
|
Pheidole dossena
|
0.0108
|
0.145
|
This study
|
Pheidole erectirudis
|
0.00435
|
0.0173
|
This study
|
Pheidole laselva
|
0.00054
|
0.00925
|
This study
|
Pheidole monteverdensis
|
0.00167
|
0.0516
|
This study
|
Pheidole multispina
|
0.0006
|
0.00719
|
This study
|
Pheidole nebulosa
|
0.00173
|
0.0275
|
This study
|
Pheidole nigricula
|
0.00348
|
0.00567
|
This study
|
Pheidole rugiceps
|
0.00083
|
0.0199
|
This study
|
Pheidole ruida
|
0.000733
|
0.0116
|
This study
|
Pheidole simonsi
|
0.00248
|
0.0596
|
This study
|
Ponera coarctata
|
0.00811
|
0.0519
|
(38, 127)
|
Ponera pennsylvanica
|
0.00161
|
0.0165
|
This study
|
Prenolepis imparis
|
0.0309
|
0.597
|
This study
|
Proceratium goliath
|
0.0154
|
1.44
|
This study
|
Pyramica myllorhapha
|
0.00108
|
0.0206
|
This study
|
Pyramica ohioensis
|
0.000495
|
0.00864
|
This study
|
Smithistruma zeteki
|
0.000245
|
0.009488
|
This study
|
Solenopsis _dico_
|
0.00162
|
0.0131
|
This study
|
Solenopsis _dior_
|
0.00145
|
0.01040
|
This study
|
Solenopsis _dipo_
|
0.00025
|
0.00543
|
This study
|
Solenopsis _diss_
|
0.000936
|
0.00281
|
This study
|
Solenopsis _ditt_
|
0.000378
|
0.00172
|
This study
|
Solenopsis _LC2_
|
0.00295
|
0.0978
|
This study
|
Solenopsis _sm2_
|
0.00038
|
0.0271
|
This study
|
Solenopsis _Y1_
|
0.000422
|
0.0115
|
This study
|
Solenopsis _Y2_
|
0.000455
|
0.0125
|
This study
|
Solenopsis invicta
|
1.18
|
530
|
(128-129)
|
Solenopsis molesta
|
0.0021
|
0.193
|
This study
|
Stenamma brevicorne
|
0.0044
|
0.0765
|
(39, 116, 120, 130-131)
|
Stenamma sequoiarum
|
0.00163
|
0.126
|
This study
|
Strumigenys elongata
|
0.000488
|
0.00819
|
This study
|
Tapinoma sessile
|
0.00794
|
0.273
|
This study
|
Tetramorium caespitum
|
1.79
|
6.52
|
(115, 132-133)
|
Trachymyrmex cornetzi
|
0.00729
|
0.173
|
This study
|
Trachymyrmex septentrionalis
|
0.0115
|
0.402
|
This study
|
Dialictus laevissimus
|
0.00213
|
0.0143
|
(134)
|
Halictus ligatus
|
0.0612
|
0.272
|
(135-136)
|
Lasioglossum apristrum
|
0.00134
|
0.00723
|
(137)
|
Lasioglossum malachurum
|
0.0234
|
0.180
|
(138)
|
Reticulitermes flavipes
|
0.0153
|
34.4
|
(139)
|
Nasutitermes corniger
|
0.528
|
25.5
|
(141)
|
Vespa analis
|
1.46
|
56.7
|
(39, 140-141)
|
Vespa crabro
|
1.618
|
144
|
(39, 140)
|
Vespa mandarinia
|
4.64
|
366
|
(39, 140-141)
|
Vespa simillima
|
1.32
|
367
|
(39, 140-141)
|
4. Data Used to Assess Ontogenetic Growth
Table S4 (A-H) Growth curve data for whole colonies shown in Figure 3.
Table S4A. The bee Apis mellifera (data from Ref. (142))
Time (d)
|
# of workers
|
0
|
9000
|
7
|
16406
|
14
|
20246
|
21
|
24012
|
28
|
29372
|
35
|
34123
|
42
|
40239
|
49
|
44080
|
56
|
45947
|
63
|
46832
|
71
|
49077
|
77
|
49208
|
Table S4B. The ant Leptothorax curvispinosus (data from Ref. (143))
Time (d)
|
# of workers
|
0
|
58
|
7
|
60
|
14
|
69
|
21
|
75
|
28
|
83
|
35
|
100
|
42
|
105
|
49
|
112
|
56
|
118
|
63
|
119
|
70
|
128
|
77
|
131
|
Table S4C. The termite Macrotermes bellicosus (data from Ref.(144))
Time (d)
|
# of workers
|
219
|
9476
|
420
|
38070
|
694
|
63272
|
821
|
55530
|
949
|
112242
|
1059
|
143255
|
1259
|
371234
|
1314
|
235497
|
1642
|
418440
|
1770
|
409776
|
1806
|
798318
|
2098
|
554801
|
2701
|
520261
|
2763
|
512580
|
3062
|
471189
|
3558
|
717315
|
3613
|
360765
|
5657
|
481120
|
Table S4D. The ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus (data from Ref. (145))
Time (d)
|
# of workers
|
0
|
2
|
730
|
2811
|
1095
|
5345
|
1460
|
10850
|
1825
|
12000
|
2190
|
12000
|
Table S4E. The wasp Polistis fuscatus (data from Ref. (146))
Time (d)
|
# of individual adults (males and workers)
|
0
|
0.7
|
5
|
0.7
|
10
|
4.7
|
15
|
4.7
|
20
|
6.7
|
25
|
20
|
30
|
21.6
|
35
|
21.6
|
40
|
20.7
|
45
|
24.7
|
50
|
36.1
|
55
|
34.1
|
60
|
39.6
|
66
|
52.3
|
71
|
43.1
|
76
|
36.7
|
81
|
39.9
|
87
|
39
|
Table S4F. The ant Rhytidoponera metallica (data from Ref.(147))
Time (d)
|
# of workers
|
102
|
182
|
131
|
194
|
165
|
243
|
196
|
282
|
220
|
259
|
253
|
232
|
276
|
278
|
291
|
309
|
312
|
352
|
346
|
334
|
374
|
433
|
398
|
421
|
429
|
456
|
463
|
468
|
492
|
548
|
525
|
568
|
555
|
623
|
588
|
548
|
617
|
524
|
639
|
572
|
678
|
592
|
724
|
573
|
769
|
533
|
Table S4G The ant Solenopsis invicta (data from Ref.(148))
Time (d)
|
# of workers
|
182.5
|
7664
|
657
|
29257
|
1022
|
72400
|
1350.5
|
117278
|
1715.5
|
186846
|
2007.5
|
205644
|
2737.5
|
218910
|
2993
|
219624
|
Table S4H. The wasp Vespa orientalis (data from Ref. (146))
Time (d)
|
# of individual adults (males and workers)
|
0
|
35
|
15
|
34
|
30
|
80
|
45
|
114
|
60
|
182
|
75
|
249
|
90
|
299
|
105
|
351
|
120
|
444
|
130
|
494
|
Table S4I. Fitted and calculated values of a from Equation 1 in the main text and quantities required to calculate a.
Species
|
Worker mass (sources)
|
Colony mature size
|
Calculated a
|
Fitted a
|
Unit
|
grams
|
# of workers
|
1/day
|
1/day
|
Rhytidoponera metallica
|
0.0104 (147)
|
615
|
0.156
|
0.084
|
Pogonomyrmex barbatus
|
0.014 (149)
|
12000
|
0.144
|
0.08
|
Leptothorax curvispinosus
|
0.0004 (this study)
|
155
|
0.351
|
0.308
|
Solenopsis invicta
|
0.002 (148)
|
237464
|
0.235
|
0.128
|
Macrotermes bellicosus
|
0.0081 (144)
|
515165
|
0.166
|
0.159
|
Vespa orentalis
|
0.787 (150)
|
494
|
0.344
|
0.496
|
Polistis fuscatus
|
0.45 (151)
|
45
|
0.396
|
0.496
|
Apis mellifera
|
0.1 (10)
|
49210
|
0.5
|
2.62
|
Mean value (without Apis mellifera )
|
|
|
0.256
|
0.25
|
5. Data used to Assess Whole Colony Lifespan
Table S5A. Lifespan data for whole colonies shown in Figure 4.
Species
|
# of workers
|
Worker wet mass
|
# of queens
|
Colony Mass per queen
|
LS
|
Refs
|
Unit
|
|
mg
|
|
grams
|
years
|
|
Aphaenogaster rudis
|
388
|
7.12
|
1
|
2.76
|
8.7
|
(113-114)
|
Camponotus herculeanus
|
3765
|
55.2
|
1
|
208
|
10
|
(113-114, 152)
|
Crematogaster ashmeadi
|
10000
|
0.8
|
1
|
8
|
10.4
|
(153)
|
Diacamma rugosum
|
40
|
2.53
|
1
|
0.10
|
1.6
|
(22, 113) this study
|
Ectatomma ruidum
|
105
|
9.65
|
1
|
1.01
|
8.8
|
(113) This study
|
Formica exsecta
|
1000
|
8.27
|
1
|
8.27
|
20
|
(28, 113)
|
Formica fusca
|
500
|
6.41
|
3.3
|
0.972
|
16
|
(28, 113, 152)
|
Formica polyctena
|
450000
|
9.32
|
500
|
8.38
|
5
|
(20-21, 113, 154)
|
Formica rufibarbis
|
500
|
7.30
|
2.5
|
1.46
|
14
|
(28, 113)
|
Formica selysi
|
4000
|
15.6
|
1
|
62.6
|
10
|
(155-156)
|
Harpagoxenus saltator
|
65
|
61.5
|
1
|
4.0
|
4
|
(157)
|
Harpagoxenus sublaevis
|
114
|
3.57
|
1
|
0.407
|
10
|
(28, 113, 158)
|
Lasius alienus
|
3000
|
1.09
|
1
|
3.28
|
9
|
(113, 159-160)
|
Lasius flavus
|
15180
|
1.09
|
3.5
|
4.74
|
22.5
|
(39, 113, 161)
|
Lasius niger
|
13135
|
3.02
|
1
|
39.7
|
28.5
|
(28, 113)
|
Linepithema humile
|
728
|
0.642
|
2.4
|
0.195
|
0.9
|
(29, 113) this study
|
Monomorium pharaonis
|
800
|
0.442
|
30
|
0.012
|
0.5
|
(20, 113) this study
|
Myrmecia gulosa
|
887
|
367
|
1
|
326
|
12.8
|
(113, 162-163)
|
Myrmecia vindex
|
181
|
83.1
|
1
|
15.0
|
7.6
|
(113, 162, 164)
|
Myrmica lobicornis
|
300
|
4.71
|
1.04
|
1.36
|
2
|
(113, 165-166)
|
Myrmica ruginodis
|
600
|
4.86
|
2.5
|
1.17
|
1.5
|
(113, 165, 167)
|
Myrmica sabuleti
|
211
|
3.57
|
1
|
0.754
|
2.5
|
(113, 166, 168)
|
Myrmica sulcinodis
|
742
|
3.03
|
8.6
|
0.261
|
4.5
|
(113, 169)
|
Myrmica tahoensis
|
175
|
4.57
|
1.12
|
0.713
|
2
|
(113, 170) this study
|
Odontomachus haematoda
|
500
|
19.2
|
1
|
9.58
|
4.5
|
(20, 113, 171)
|
Pogonomyrmex badius
|
4500
|
13.9
|
1
|
62.5
|
17
|
(113, 153)
|
Pogonomyrmex barbatus
|
12000
|
14
|
1
|
168
|
17
|
(113, 145, 149)
|
Solenopsis invicta
|
220000
|
2.41
|
32
|
16.6
|
14
|
(113, 148)
|
Wasmannia auropunctata
|
75
|
0.145
|
1
|
0.0108
|
1.1
|
(113-114, 172)
|
Apis mellifera
|
30000
|
100
|
1
|
3000
|
2.5
|
(17)
|
Bombus terrestris
|
265
|
400
|
1
|
46.1
|
0.268
|
(173-174)
|
Halictus marginatus
|
324
|
27.2
|
1
|
8.82
|
5.5
|
(175-176)
|
Tetragonisca angustula
|
5000
|
6
|
1
|
30
|
3.8
|
(177-179)
|
Polistes chinensis
|
184
|
524
|
1
|
96.4
|
0.5
|
(180) this study
|
Polistes cinerascens
|
94
|
149
|
1
|
14.0
|
0.545
|
(181) this study
|
Polistes fuscatus
|
234
|
451
|
1
|
105
|
0.397
|
(151)
|
Polistes versicolor
|
148
|
287
|
1
|
42.4
|
0.485
|
(181) this study
|
Vespa orentalis
|
300
|
787
|
1
|
236
|
0.575
|
(146, 150)
|
Vespa simillima
|
510.2
|
719
|
1
|
367
|
0.604
|
(37)
|
Vespa tropica
|
18.5
|
1883
|
1
|
34.8
|
0.31
|
(37)
|
Table S5B. Lifespan for the unitary insects.
Species
|
Body mass
|
Lifespan
|
Temperature
|
References
|
Unit
|
grams
|
year
|
ºC
|
|
Acheta domesticus
|
0.385
|
0.238
|
25
|
(182-183)
|
Brachycentrus spinae
|
0.0276
|
0.161
|
10.8
|
(184)
|
Diploptera punctata
|
0.161
|
0.921
|
25
|
(183, 185)
|
Drosophila melanogaster
|
0.00146
|
0.0712
|
25
|
(183, 186)
|
Ephemerella subvaria
|
0.187
|
0.152
|
14.5
|
(184)
|
Epitheca spp.
|
3.41
|
0.339
|
16.9
|
(184)
|
Eublaberus posticus
|
2.2
|
1.51
|
25
|
(183, 187)
|
Gryllus bimaculatus
|
0.8
|
0.0877
|
25
|
(183, 188)
|
Ischnura verticalis
|
0.0239
|
0.0932
|
25
|
(183, 189)
|
Patricloides montanus
|
0.048
|
0.0767
|
25
|
(190)
|
Periplaneta americana
|
0.9
|
0.548
|
25
|
(183, 191)
|
Philanthus triangulum
|
0.0485
|
0.0603
|
20
|
(192)
|
Rhodnius prolixus
|
0.0668
|
0.274
|
25
|
(183, 187)
|
Tachysphex pechumani
|
0.0308
|
0.0685
|
30
|
(193)
|
Teleogryllus commodus
|
0.837
|
0.0822
|
25
|
(183, 194)
|
Tribolium confusum
|
0.0297
|
0.685
|
25
|
(183, 195)
|
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