The potential of microbial processes for lignocellulosic biomass conversion to ethanol: a review
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Table 13. Microorganisms which are able to convert glucose to ethanol and ethanol to acetate under anaerobic conditions (adapted from 81, 82, 89, 154-159)
Table 14. Glucose fermentation to ethanol by mixed cultures in chemostat studies
a In all the studies the main products in the gas phase were hydrogen and carbon dioxide Table 15. Microorganisms which are able to convert xylose to ethanol under anaerobic conditions
Table 16. Glucose and xylose fermentation to ethanol by genetically modified microorganisms
A Lignocellulosic biomass Combined reactor for lignin hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis and carbohydrates fermentation (anaerobic) Ethanol to purification B cellulose carbohydrates Cellulose hydrolysis Ethanol to purification Lignin hydrolysis Fermentation Lignocellulosic biomass C cellulase Cellulase production Ethanol to purification Cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation cellulose Chemical or physical pretreatments Lignocellulosic biomass Lignocellulosic biomass D Ethanol to purification cellulose Combined reactor for cellulose hydrolysis and carbohydrates fermentation (anaerobic) Chemical or physical pretreatments Figure 1. Possible schemes for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. A) and B) are the entirely microbial processes considered in this study. Scheme C) is SSCF, scheme D) is CBP. See text for definitions of abbreviations. Not all the material flows are shown in the schemes and “cellulose” also include hemicellulose. 
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