The United States federal government should pursue a defensive space control strategy that emphasizes satellite hardening, replacement, redundancy and situational awareness
Hegemony – Satellites key to Military Readiness
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- [ ] Space assets are key to US military – Iraq wars prove
- [ ] Space Assets are critical to hegemony – communication, commerce and remote sensing Lambakis 2007, Senior Analyst for the National Institute for Public Policy
- [ ] Losing access to space assets would cripple US hegemony – satellites are key to our military
- [ ] Space assets are critical to hegemony – the Marine Corps depends on space for flexibility and mobility Handelman, 2010 Assistant Defense Secretary
Hegemony – Satellites key to Military Readiness[ ] Space technology key to hegemony - military navigation, intelligence, communications and surveillance. Denmark 2010 - Fellow with the Center for a New American Security [By Abraham M. and Dr. James Mulvenon CNAS, Jan, Contested Commons: The Future of American Power in a Multipolar World http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS%20Contested %20Commons%20Capstone_0.pdf Accessed Jun 21] Satellite-based positioning information, overhead imagery and communications facilitate global coordination of commercial, scientific and military activities with a degree of speed and precision that would be impossible without the use of outer space. In general, space can be understood as a utility that lies at the heart of other international activities. For example, signals from the Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system not only help users navigate the surface of the planet, but they also can help to precisely time financial transactions around the world. Militarily, space provides the “strategic high ground” from which global communications and remote sensing can be quickly transmitted to militaries around the world. A military that can effectively use space has a tremendous advantage in terms of speed of communications, breadth of surveillance and intelligence, and accuracy of positioning and timing. [ ] Space assets are key to US military – Iraq wars prove Ajey Lele, 2011 - a former Air Force Wing Commander, with a post graduate degree in Physics and Defence and Strategic Studies [Date used: June 24, 2011 http://www.indiandefencereview.com/military-&-space/Militarization-of-Space-.html Militarization of Space] During the 1991 Gulf War, the US had demonstrated, among other things, what can happen when a nation that does not enjoy the benefits of space exploitation wages a war against one that has it. In that conflict, the US enjoyed a virtual monopoly on space-based surveillance, communications, and navigation support. The US with its network of highly capable electro-optical and radar imaging satellites were able to determine exactly where to attack with which munitions, while avoiding enemy troop concentrations, thereby reducing casualties. Similarly, during the Kosovo conflict, Afghanistan campaign and the 2003 invasion of Iraq the overall concept of the US operations was dependent on the information received from space-based systems. Particularly, since the 1991 Gulf War, the world has seen the usage of space technologies, mainly by the US and allied forces, for various military purposes. In all these conflicts the US had an asymmetric advantage over their enemy in the area of space technologies. In recent conflicts the US forces have used GPS guided weapons like JDAMS (Joint Direct Attack Munitions). So they used their space assets for providing navigational support to their weapon delivery platforms but also to the weapons themselves. All these uses of space technologies for war waging fall into the category of the militarization of space. Militarization of space essentially occurs by using various space assets for purposes of information gathering or helping the military to undertake land, air and sea battles. But, the weaponization of space signifies getting into the act of destroying of space assets of other states. [ ] Space Assets are critical to hegemony – communication, commerce and remote sensing Lambakis 2007, Senior Analyst for the National Institute for Public Policy [Steven Lambakis. and Managing Editor, Comparative Strategy “Missile Defense from Space: A More Effective Shield.” Policy Review no. 141. February 1, 2007. http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/6124. Accessed June 22, 2011.] Modern-day U.S. defense strategy, of necessity, is global in scope, and it will likely retain this character for decades. Fundamental to maintaining this global awareness and presence are satellite operations. National economic and commercial interrelationships thrive on the flow of invisible ones and zeros through space channels, so that timely, agile intercontinental trade is now taken for granted. U.S. and coalition forces routinely leverage earth-circling platforms to enhance military capabilities: the Global Positioning System for improved navigation and precision timing, reconnaissance and early warning sensors, and high-bandwidth communications. Space, moreover, is an open arena, a global commons increasingly used by many countries for military purposes. The proliferation of space technologies offers foreign governments and nonstate entities unparalleled opportunities to enhance diplomatic and military influence over the U.S. and strike with strategic effect. Potential enemies of the United States today have improved “vision” over the U.S. homeland and battlefield activities, a better sense of direction and geographic position, and an improved ability to mobilize forces and coordinate activities. With battle space now reaching up to at least 22,000 miles above the Earth — the orbital altitudes for early warning and communications satellites — protecting ourselves from future attacks will depend mightily on space power. [ ] Losing access to space assets would cripple US hegemony – satellites are key to our military Kyl 2007 – US senator and Attorney. [Jon Kyl. Published on February 1, 2007. Delivered on January 29, 2007. China's Anti-Satellite Weapons and American National Security. The Heritage Foundation. http://www.heritage.org/Research/Lecture/Chinas-Anti-Satellite-Weapons-and-American-National-Security. Accessed June 21] First, security in space is a vital national interest. The loss of access to space would threaten the very stability of our nation. Consider: Satellites enable our ATMs and our financial markets; they help first responders and form the backbone of our next-generation air traffic control system; they allow us to gather intelligence on foreign developments and to influence them through satellite radio and TV transmissions. More important, satellites underpin our military superiority. Our troops rely on satellites for reconnaissance, communications, navigation, and other functions. Almost every new military platform in development today is more satellite-dependent than the system it is replacing. None of our military operations--conventional, strategic, or missile defense-- can function without space components. [ ] Space assets are critical to hegemony – the Marine Corps depends on space for flexibility and mobility Handelman, 2010 Assistant Defense Secretary [Kenneth B, Active Defense Secretary of The Department of Defense, United States, Biennial Report on Management of Space Cadre within the Department of Defense, 12/2/10, accessed 6/21/11 http://www.acq.osd.mil/nsso/SpaceCadre/literature/PKG-USP011361-10-DEPSECDEF-SIGNED.pdf, Introduction Marine Corps doctrine embraces the maneuver warfare concept and recognizes Marine forces conduct decentralized, combined arms operations across non-linear battlefields. These decentralized operations demand increased situational awareness, high operations tempo, flexible support, and mobility in austere environments. The Marine Corps relies on space-based capabilities and effects to provide the agility and flexibility critical to success on the modern battlefield. To achieve this success, the Marine Corps assures its ability to exploit space capabilities, define space capabilities needs and interoperability requirements by developing and maintaining a professional cadre of Marines educated in space operations. Marine Corps Order (MCO) 5400.53, Marine Corps Space Policy, establishes Marine Corps guidelines for the organization and training of the Marine Corps space cadre. In order to support the Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF), Marine space personnel are organized and trained to be integrated into National Security Space, DoD, joint, interagency, and Marine Corps organizations. Marine space officers use operational MAGTF experience and space knowledge to support space planning, programming, acquisition, and operations. Marine space personnel possess a Free Military Occupational Specialty (FMOS). An FMOS is a type of additional MOS that can be filled by any Marine but requires unique training and special skills. MCO 1200.7, Military Occupational Specialties Manual, details the specific requirements for award of the FMOS Space Operations Officer (8866) and Space Operations Staff Officer (0540). Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 1.07 Mb. Share with your friends:
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