*Topicality/Definitions Democracy Promotion Includes Military Intervention
US Funds Aid Projects Through MDBs
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- Current Democratic Assistance Significant
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- US Democratic Assistance Programs for the Mideast
US Funds Aid Projects Through MDBsUS FUNNELS FUNDS TO MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS TO FUND PROJECTS Gordon Adams & Cindy Williams, International Affairs Professor American University & Research Scientist-MIT, 2010, Buying National Security: how America plans and pays for its global role and safety at home, p. 55 The congressional appropriation is only gradually transferred to these institutions. Treasury pledges the funds, which are transferred according to a schedule arranged between the donor countries and the MDB. The MDBs also rarely transfer the entire amount of a loan, but disperse it gradually as projects are completed; drawing down member contributions to provided the needed funding. As a result, only part of the US funding is actually counted as an outlay during the fiscal year for which it is provided.
Dionysis Markakis, Center for International and Regional Studies- Georgetown University, 2016, US Democracy Promotion in the Middle East: The Pursuit of Hegemony, p. 52 The US has assumed a dominant role in the Middle east since the end of the Second World War. Motivated mainly by the presence of abundant oil reserves and a key ally in the State of Israel, the US has long regarded the Middle East region as a vital sphere of interest, second perhaps only to Latin America. As was the case there, the US sought to extend its influence in the Middle East by cultivating relationships with authoritarian governments, driven by the belief that they could best ensure stability and accordingly US interests. The promotion of democracy therefore did not feature significantly for the greater part of America’s involvement in the region. This began to change under the Clinton administration, which emphasized economic reform as a prelude to political reform. Then under the G.W. Bush administration, when following events of 11 September 2001, democratization in the Middle East emerged as an explicit aim of US policy with unprecedented emphasis. U.S. POLICY IN MIDEAST GUIDED BY DEMOCRACY PROMOTION GOALS David Welch, Assistant Secretary of State, 2008, House Hearing: U.S. Assistance to the Middle East: Old Tools for New Tasks?, May 8, [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/42296.pdf], p. 9 Our concept for the region is to support peaceful solutions and to strengthen the hand of democratic leaders against extremists who use violence, repress fundamental freedoms and seek to undermine our interests and our friends. Our FY 2009 budget reflects our continued focus on providing security assistance to our allies to promote our objectives—building well-governed, democratic states, promoting human rights and reducing poverty requires a foundation in security. We Provide Democratic Assistance Through ContactsDEMOCRATIC ASSISTANCE THROUGH CONTACTS WITH MILITARY AND CIVILIAN EGYPTIAN CIVILIANS Jeffrey Feltman, Assistant Secretary of State-Near Eastern Affairs, 2011, House Hearing: Assessing U.S. Foreign Policy Priorities and Needs Amidst Economic Challenges in the Middle East, March 01, [http://www.hcfa.house.gov/112/65055.pdf], p. 27 What we are doing is, we are maintaining our partnerships with the military, with the Egyptian institutions. Those partnerships proved quite valuable over the past few weeks; they will prove valuable going forward. The statements that the military has made about understanding Egypt’s international obligations, upholding Egypt’s international obligations, are encouraging. We think that there is a basic understanding of the importance to Egypt of its international obligations, including the peace treaty with Israel. We are building stronger relations with civil society so that they have a better understanding of us. You know, part of the $150 million was a tool to open the door to engagement with a broader part of Egyptian society. We are sharing our experiences with the Egyptians about what it means to have elections that aren’t just onetime elections, that are truly democratic elections that lead to greater accountability and responsibility. This is going to be a continuing story. There is not one, sort of, instant way to address your question. Ultimately, the Egyptians themselves are going to be determining what is best for Egypt. US Democratic Assistance Programs for the MideastMANY GOOD DIPLOMATIC TOOLS FOR ASSISTING MIDEAST DEMOCRACIES Jeffrey Feltman, Assistant Secretary of State-Near Eastern Affairs, 2011, House Hearing: Assessing U.S. Foreign Policy Priorities and Needs Amidst Economic Challenges in the Middle East, March 01, [http://www.hcfa.house.gov/112/65055.pdf], p. 11 We have some good tools to build stronger partnerships with governments, businesses, and societies that are on the path to progress, prosperity, broader inclusion in the political process, and long-term stability in the region. The Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) and our Public Diplomacy programs, along with programs sponsored by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DRL), and USAID, represent our most effective tools for engaging civil society groups while also having the flexibility to respond to changing events on the ground. We will continue to use USAID, MEPI, and DRL programs to help citizens in the region build more participatory, prosperous, and pluralistic societies, to strengthen good governance and promote and defend human rights. Our embassy Public Diplomacy sections have for years been reaching out to youth and activists in the Middle East through their Facebook pages and blogs, and they will continue to send hundreds of political, economic and civil society leaders to the United States each year to learn about how to be most effective in a democracy through the State Department’s various exchange programs. WE PROVIDE DEMOCRATIC ASSISTANCE THROUGH DIPLOMACY Jeffrey Feltman, Assistant Secretary of State-Near Eastern Affairs, 2011, House Hearing: Assessing U.S. Foreign Policy Priorities and Needs Amidst Economic Challenges in the Middle East, March 01, [http://www.hcfa.house.gov/112/65055.pdf], p. 12 Accordingly, our Ambassadors and Embassy officials, as well as interagency interlocutors are engaging in active outreach to governments and longstanding partners in civil society, as well as emerging actors, across the region, encouraging meaningful political and economic reform, and stronger commitments to respect the rights of all men, women, and children. We are also using the expertise, leverage, and partnerships developed by democratic assistance programs, through MEPI and DRL, to provide support to individuals and organizations throughout the region as they strive to create more pluralistic, participatory, and prosperous societies. This work enables our diplomats to nurture and support locally-led change. That is exactly the type of diplomacy that we will need more of if we are to support peaceful political reform across the region and help democratic transitions to succeed.
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