Tournament of Champions 2k8 Comprehensive Caselist
GBS (All Teams) – Negative JAPAN CP/SOFT POWER DA
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GBS (All Teams) – NegativeJAPAN CP/SOFT POWER DASolvency - Japanese aid empirically solves public health The Lancet, ‘7 [“Japan’s Aid Commitment to Health and Africa,” Jan. 6-12, p. 28, gp] With declining global interest in Africa… an additional $500 million for the Global Fund. Soft Power – A. Foreign aid is key to Japanese soft power Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, ‘98 [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/summary/1998/1.html] However, making substantial contributions… through its ceaseless efforts in the ODA arena. B. Japanese soft power solves rearmament The Washington Quarterly, ‘6 ["Japan’s Goldilocks Strategy", Autumn, http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:toRz7MYAMW8J:web.mit.edu/polisci/research/samuels/Japan%27s%2520Goldilocks%2520Strategy.pdf+Japan+soft+power+alternative+to+military&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=78&gl=us] A third choice, the one preferred by the middle-power internationalists… much less openly plan for, military contingencies. C. Rearm causes a Sino-U.S. nuclear war that we can’t win Johnson, ‘5 [Chalmers, President of the Japan Policy Research Institute, 4/4, China, Japan and the U.S.: How We're Playing Our Hand Badly, History News Network] I recall forty years ago, when I was a new professor… and Japanese imperialism and colonialism. CHINA DAA) UNIQUENESS: THE CHINESE RISE TO PROMINENCE IS INEVITABLE. IF THE UNITED STATES ALLOWS CHINA TO ENGAGE IN AFRICA, CHINA WILL BIND ITSELF MULTILATERALLY TO THE WORLD. U.S. ACTION CAUSES CHINA TO RUN TOWARD UNILATERALISM. GILL AND HUANG, 2K6 (Bates, Freeman Chair in China Studies, Center for Strategic and International Studies, and Yanzhong, Director, Center for Global Health Studies at Whitehead School of Diplomacy, “Sources and limits of Chinese 'soft power'” Survival, 48:2, June) Despite an expansion and successful use of soft power… advanced to see concrete action on China's part. B) LINK: ASSISTANCE TO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CONVINCES CHINA THAT THE U.S. WILL DENY ANY CHINESE ATTEMPTS AT EXPANDING THEIR SPHERE-OF-INFLUENCE. CHINA CAN GROW SOFTLY IN THE ABSENCE OF U.S. AID, BUT THE PLAN TAKES AWAY THE LAST REGION ON EARTH WHERE CHINA CAN FEEL WELCOME. SAUNDERS, 2K6 (Phillip, Senior Research Fellow in the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, “China’s Global Activism: Strategy, Drivers, and Tools,” Oct, www.ndu.edu/inss/Occasional_Papers/OCP4.pdf) China’s growing regional and global influence… regions that would otherwise be considered low priorities. C) IMPACT: CHINA WILL RESPOND TO THE THREAT OF CONTAINMENT BY LASHING OUT AGAINST U.S. INTERESTS. THIS CAUSES GREAT-POWER CONFLICT. FOOT, 2K6 (Rosemary, Professor of International Relations, and the John Swire Senior Research Fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford University, “Chinese strategies in a US-hegemonic global order: accommodating and hedging,” International Affairs 82) China is neither part of, nor determinedly… hegemonic position is used, especially with reference to China itself. THE IMPACT IS EXTINCTION. NYE, 90 (Joseph, Dean of Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, Bound to Lead, p. 17) Perceptions of change in the relative… in a world with 50,000 nuclear weapons, history as we know it may end. IMPERIALISM KA. The Link – The Affirmative’s offer of assistance to the savages of sub-Saharan Africa is the next step in the process of Manifest Destiny – their depiction of the United States as the only hope for the health and prosperity of the African people glorifies our genocidal tendencies and secures our national identity beyond rational reproach Jimson, ‘92 [Thomas, “Reflections on Race and Manifest Destiny,” http://www.cwis.org/fwdp/Americas/manifest.txt] This sums up much of the rhetoric of the mid 19th Century… present conditions and transforms itself into a suitable logic for the times. B. The Impact – the myth of the American frontier valorizes death and atrocity – this makes even nuclear attacks an act of American heroism and drives the United States to the extremes of total obliteration Slotkin, ‘85 [Richard, Olin Professor of American Studies @ Wesleyan, The Fatal Environment, p. 60-61] This ideology of savage war… America is an exceptionally violence society. C. The Alternative – “Vote Negative to reject the American frontier myth” – our critique serves as a process of counter-memory, a forgetting of the frontier myth in favor of an open investigation of identity itself – this examination reveals identity as contingent and arbitrary, opening up the possibility for genuine freedom Clifford, ‘1 [Michael, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Mississippi State University, Political Genealogy After Foucault: Savage Identities, p. 134-137] “Whenever man has thought it necessary… of always being able to become other than what we are. TRADE CPTEXT: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD ELIMINATE BARRIERS TO TRADE WITH ___________ INCLUDING TARIFFS AND NON-TARIFF BARRIERS. THE UNITED STATES SHOULD REDIRECT MONEY FROM AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDES TO THE CONSERVATION SECURITY PROGRAM. THE UNITED STATES SHOULD NOT INCREASE ASSISTANCE TO AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA. SOLVENCY - THE COUNTERPLAN SOLVES POVERTY THROUGHOUT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA—AID DOES NOTHING BIEKER 2007 (Christa, National Center for Policy Analysis, “Trade Is the Best Aid for Africa,” September 24, http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba/ba593/) The 48 countries south of the Sahara desert in Africa… Congress would increase subsidies to $286 billion over 8 years. [VARIOUS CASE SPECIFIC “GROWTH SOLVES CASE” CARDS] NET BENEFIT – AID CAUSES WAR, MASSACRE AND UNDERMINES DEMOCRACY—ONLY TRADE CAN SOLVE SHIKWATI 2002 (James Shikwati, director of the Inter-Region economic Network in Nairobi, AfricanLiberty.org, November 15, http://www.africanliberty.org/?q=node/33) But "aid" will not stimulate development. Only trade…(and less efficient) building company if you know the people can't complain? 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