Tournament of Champions 2k8 Comprehensive Caselist
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- B. A biological terror attack on the continent is highly likely – it is perceived as strategic and is cheaper
- C. Bioweapons cause human extinction – the risk is greater than nuclear war or any other WMD
Bioterror –A. Sub-Saharan Africa is a hotspot for biological terrorism – these diseases are endemic and can be easily harvested as WMDs – this is a global threat and needs a disease surveillance system to prevent itNjuguna 5 [James Thuo, completing his PhD in medical parasitology at the University of Bonn, International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi, African Security Review Vol 14 No 1, http://www.iss.co.za/index.php?link_id=3&slink_id=1967&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3] Acts of biological terrorism could therefore have political, religious, ideological or criminal motives and… for zoonotic disease control and such a team can be schooled to monitor biological weapons as well B. A biological terror attack on the continent is highly likely – it is perceived as strategic and is cheaperBornie and Loye 5 [John, UN Institute for Disarmament Affairs in Geneva, and Dominique, Deputy Head of the Mines-Arms Unit of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva, “Why Preventing Hostile Use of the Life Sciences is Relevant to Africa,” African Security Review, Vol 14, No 1] It is worth bearing in mind that African countries could be considered attractive targets for attack precisely because… the use of biological weapons is increasingly likely, as they are becoming cheaper and easier to develop. C. Bioweapons cause human extinction – the risk is greater than nuclear war or any other WMDOchs 2 [Richard, Freelance Journalist, “Biological Weapons must be Abolished Immediately,” June 9, http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html] Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered biological weapons, many without a known cure or… HUMAN EXTINCTION IS NOW POSSIBLE. D. Qualified authors prove that despite Technical difficulties and past failures, intense efforts by terrorists make a Bioterrorist Attack inevitable – There is motive, expertise and supplyClare Lopez, 2005 (Clare Lopez is/was: 1. Operations officer with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), serving domestically and abroad for 20 years in a variety of assignments, acquiring extensive expertise in counterintelligence, counternarcotics, and counterproliferation issues with a career regional focus on the former Soviet Union, Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans. 2. Produced Technical Threat Assessments for U.S. Embassies at the Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security, where she worked as a Senior Intelligence Analyst for Chugach Systems Integration 3. A strategic policy and intelligence expert with a focus on Middle East, homeland security, national defense, and counterterrorism issues at the intelligence summit 4. Executive Director of the Iran Policy Committee, a Washington, DC think tank, from 2005-2006 5. Senior Scientific Researcher at the Battelle Memorial Institute; a Senior Intelligence Analyst, Subject Matter Expert, and Program Manager at HawkEye Systems, LLC.; “Defending the Homeland Against Bioweapons in the Hands of Terrorists”, Journal of Counterterrorism & Homeland Security International) There are considerable technical difficulties… fanatical enemies determined to "achieve" this. E. US response to a bioterror attack is definite and will escalate to nuclear war – minimizing death toll is crucial to preventConley 3 (Lt Col Harry W. is chief of the Systems Analysis Branch, Directorate of Requirements, Headquarters Air Combat Command (ACC), Langley AFB, Virginia. Air & Space Power Journal - Spring 2003 -- http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/spr03/conley.html) The number of American casualties suffered due to a WMD attack may… nuclear retaliation would be more than just a possibility, whatever promises had been made.” F. Disease surveillance is essential to the prevention and containment of bioterror outbreaks—local health workers alone lack necessary skillsNjuguna 5 [James Thuo, completing his PhD in medical parasitology at the University of Bonn, International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi, African Security Review Vol 14 No 1, http://www.iss.co.za/index.php?link_id=3&slink_id=1967&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3] Early detection of a biological agent attack or a natural outbreak depends on epidemiological warning networks… The ministry of health is usually under pressure to do its best, a task made more difficult by the lack of resources in many -developing countries. G. US leadership solves best – training of US personnel on African soil prevents a bioterrorist attack in the US and creates effective response systemsSmolinski et al 3 [Mark, Director of the Global Health and Security Initiative at Nuclear Threat Initiative, Former Senior Program Officer at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academics of Science and Epidemic Intelligence Officer for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Margaret A. Hamburg, Vice President for Biological Programs at Nuclear Threat Initiative; & Joshua Lederberg, directs the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Informatics at The Rockefeller University; Editors, Board on Global Health at the institute of the National Academics, Microbial threats to Health: Emergence, Detection, and Response, 3-18-2003, http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10636.html] surveillance of and response to emerging infectious disease threats in other parts of the world can directly benefit the United States… and to expose health professions students to career paths in infectious disease prevention and control. 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