Because of its cross-cutting and complex nature, there are many stakeholders in the Environment and Climate Change sectors, as highlighted in Table . As a result of this institutional diversity, there are coordination difficulties, as highlighted in the weaknesses of the SWOT analysis (see Annex I).
The Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation (MoEU) is already the lead institution responsible for the planning, implementation and management of the overall environment and climate change sectors. Regarding the alignment with EU acquis, MoEU is responsible for Environment and Climate Change Chapter in legislative drafting and policy making procedures.
MoEU shares the responsibility with other related Ministries. As the lead institution MoEU will ensure consistency of the Sector Programme with national strategy documents and EU strategies. The organisation of the Ministry is characterised by an extensive presence at Organisation at provincial level; i.e. 81 Provincial Directorates. A total 11.329 staff serve for MoEU, including 2692 staff at headquarters and 8637 staff at the local level.
In terms of sector coordination, MoEU established a coordination mechanism, in which the governmental institutions who have the leading role in national policy making on subsectors such as water management, nature protection, disaster management and civil protection take part actively. This coordination mechanism by making use of other sector coordination boards explained in Section 5 will also contribute to the efforts for overcoming weaknesses mentioned in the SWOT Analysis.
Regarding the management of the Environment and Climate Change SOP, the MoEU‘s Department of EU Investments (DoEUI) is the Operating Structure (OS). While DoEUI is the main coordinator, the coordination regarding Acquis related institutional building activities is foreseen to be provided by the Department of Foreign Relations of the MoEU. In order to meet the needs of this duty (which includes project proposals from a diverse range of stakeholders) the Department of Foreign Relations plans to strengthen its human resources.
A strong coordination mechanism is established among all the representatives of the fields such as water, waste, climate change, industrial pollution, air pollution, chemicals, nature protection etc. Working group(s) are formed and the involvement of all related bodies is ensured for the preparation of the Environment and Climate Change SOP. DoEUI, the already accredited body responsible from the management of IPA funds in the 2007-2013 period, will also serve as the Contracting Authority for IPA II period fulfilling the duties arising from tendering, contract management, financial management and other relevant functions.
In this respect, it is clear that DoEUI, which has been designed to perform activities in the 2007-2013 period, will need to increase its administrative, technical and human resources capacities to deal with this newly enlarged workload including being the contracting authority of Acquis related institutional building activities besides environmental infrastructure activities of the IPA II period.
The Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs (MoFWA) and Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) provide MoEU with relevant information and data on sector specific issues, to define the programming framework of their fields; to set the specific targets that will serve the sector strategy; to set the activities and related indicators. MoFWA has responsibilities for the nature protection and water management fields, whereas AFAD has responsibilities for the disaster management and civil protection fields. MoEU will guide and supervise all these activities and ensure that these are consistent with the sector strategy and respective national and EU strategies as well as compliance of stakeholder participation and respect of horizontal issues.
Sectors such as environment and climate change are multi-dimensional by their nature. Therefore the policy making and implementation in these fields require the coordination and common work of many institutions as well as the civil society by the MoEU in line with the principle of participation and the principles mentioned in Section 15. In particular, climate action applies to other sectors such as transport, energy and Agriculture. The lead institutions in these sectors are respectively, the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources and the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock.
Stakeholders in this sector are very diverse as below:
Table Stakeholders and Their Duties Regarding Environment
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Stakeholders
|
Duties
|
Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation
|
Planning, implementation and management of the overall Environment Chapter in legislative drafting and policy making procedures
|
Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs
|
Nature protection and water management
|
Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency
|
Disaster and emergency management, civil protection
|
Ministry of Development
|
Development Planning, developing policies, observation of the implementation, coordination, consultancy, national coordination of sustainable development
|
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
|
Foreign policies
|
Ministry for EU Affairs
|
Approximation to the EU
|
Under Secretariat of Treasury
|
Economy policies, finance policies, external loan and grant implementations
|
Ministry of Health
|
Public health, preventing and treating health policies;
|
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock
|
Agricultural policies, rural development, food security
|
Ministry of National Education
|
Education and learning services
|
Ministry of Labor and Social Security
|
Labor health and security, social security, employment, unemployment, gender equality in employment, preventing child labor
|
Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology
|
Policies on science, industry, technology, innovation, productivity, product safety and organized industrial sites and SMEs
|
Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
|
Energy planning, renewable energy policies, energy supply and demand, energy market, energy efficiency
|
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
|
Protecting the cultural heritage and tourism
|
Ministry of Transport Maritime Affairs and Communications
|
Transportation, maritime affairs, communication policies
|
Ministry of Finance
|
Finance policies, public finance
|
Ministry of Economy
|
Foreign trade of goods and services, and investment incentives and foreign indirect investments
|
TurkStat
|
National statistics
|
Union of Municipalities and local administrations
|
Urban planning and implementation, infrastructure investments, protecting natural resources, employment, land using decisions
|
General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ)
|
Planning, management, improvement and operation of water resources
|
Ilbank A.Ş
|
Urban infrastructure investment projects, finance to local administrations
|
Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB)
|
To submit opinions and comments to the political power in line with the requirements of the private sector, to submit opinions to concerned ministries and parliamentary commissions regarding laws and regulations in draft form or in force
|
Development Agencies; NGOs; International Organisations and Turkish Red Crescent
|
Regional planning, regional development
|
Source: Turkey’s Sustainable Development Report: Claiming the Future (2012)
Additionally, local administrations as governorates, metropolitan municipalities, municipalities and village administrations, water and sewerage administrations and others play a crucial role in planning, implementation, monitoring, inspection and enforcement of the requirements of environmental legislation in Turkey. Their responsibilities can be aligned as following: Municipalities are the authorised bodies for providing municipal services at district and province levels. Regarding implementation of the GHG limitation and adaptation policies, they provide the dissemination of the national level climate change policies to the local level. Furthermore, they are the main institutions involved in preparing local climate change action plans beside their legal mandate on preparing urban development plans. Other responsibilities include regional environmental protection via audit of marine pollution, control of excavation soil and construction waste, noise control, control of flammable and combustible chemicals, studies on waste batteries, supply of waste collection containers and vehicles to villages in order to solve waste management problems.
MoFWA District Administrations are mainly responsible for the following: to make or have made all works and procedures necessary for ensuring protection of biodiversity and nature and to make or have made planning, survey, inventory, project design, implementation, maintenance and control studies related to national parks, natural parks, nature protection areas, natural monuments, wild life conservation and development areas, wetlands and hunting activities.
General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works has 26 regional directorates that have important roles regarding management of water and soil sources.
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