Учебно-методическое пособие по дисциплине «Английский язык» для студентов 1 курса
Тема: Научно-технический прогресс
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16. Тема: Научно-технический прогресс.1. Активизация лексики в речи учащихся computer, hardware, software, processor, device, keyboard, calculating machine, computerized economy, computer communication, e-mail, the Internet,»Microsoft», клавиатура, принтер, устройство, жёсткий диск, программное обеспечение, процессор, память, существенный, немедленно. 2. Работа с текстом. Чтение с целью поиска конкретной информации. As you know Bill Gates created the first software – the programs that help personal computers process different information. As founder of Microsoft Inc., he is now one of the richest men in America. Read the text and find the information about: - Bill Gates was active in his teenage years. - He and his friend developed disk operating system. - Bill Gates foresaw the significance of computers in the future. - Binary number system has only two digits. - Bill Gates’ predictions came true.
Gates was born in Seattle, Wash., in 1955. As a boy, he was bright and curious. He was active in Scouting, reaching Life Scout rank in Troop 186. He especially loved hiking, camping and other outdoor adventures. But Gates was obsessed with computers. While a student at Harvard University in 1975, Gates and a friend, Paul Allen, developed a computer language for an early version of the personal computer. Microsoft was born. Gates went on to develop operating systems, such as MS-DOS, and software programs. Thanks to Microsoft, Gates is now one of the richest men in America. He is worth more than $8 billion. A technical wizard and a fierce business competitor, Gates sees great things ahead for computers. He says they «are really going to change a lot of things in the world – the way we work, the way we play and entertain ourselves and even the way we are educated».
Early digital computers inspired by Howard Aiken’s Mark were huge, sometimes filling an entire room. That was because thousands of switches were needed to compute his binary number system. In the binary number system, only two digits are recognized by the computer: 0 when a switch is off, and 1 when the switch is on. Different combinations of those two digits can represent thousands of letters and numbers. The binary number system is still used in today’s computers. The difference is that the thousands of electrical switches have been replaced by one tiny, solid-state chip that does the translations electronically. That’s why your computer only fills up part of your desk, not your whole bedroom.
They predicted you would also have a wallet-size personal computer. With it you would be able to store photographs, pay bills, get the news, send messages, see movies and open locks with digital keys. At home on your TV-size PC you would be able to see and talk with friends in other states, get medical advice, check magazine articles and pictures in a far-off library and order a pizza. A computerized control system at home would regulate your lighting, temperature and security system. Big dreams? Are these dreams or facts? Perhaps. But engineers have done a lot to make it reality.
To perform – выполнять Life Scout rank – пожизненный титул бойскаута Troop – отряд To be obsessed – быть одержимым Operating system – система функционирования Worth – обладающий Fierce – неистовый To inspire – вдохновлять Solid-state – твердый Wallet-size – величиной с бумажник Security system – система безопасности 3. Актуализация знаний: активизация знаний на основе текста. Scan the text «The Fundamentals: hardware and software» and find the equivalents of the following words: клавиатура, принтер, устройство, жёсткий диск, программное обеспечение, процессор, память, существенный, немедленно.
A computer consists of a screen, a keyboard and a boxlike case with the «brains» of the system. For most tasks you’ll also need a printer and, perhaps, a pointing device called a mouse. This equipment is called hardware. By itself, hardware is like a cassette player without tapes. A computer needs programms, or software, which usually includes one or more computer discs and a printed instruction manual. The price depends on the hardware’s brain power—the type of processor and the size of its memory. How much power do you need? That depends of the software you’ll use. In general, words and numbers demand less from a computer than pictures and sound. Sufficient power is important because a computer works in iteratively. With hardware that isn’t up to the job, you might have to wait 30 seconds for an on-screen the saurus to lookup a word. But with the right system then try would appear instantly.
Put each of the following words in its place in the passage below: software, computers, peripherals, calculator, ports, monitor, keyboard, configuration, hardware, printer.
So you only have a pocket (1)_____to do addition, multiplication and soon, you want to know about real (2)_____? Right. Well, them achiness themselves are called the (3)_____ and the programs that you feed into them are called the (4)_____. If you want to see the results of what you are doing, you’ll need a (5)____or you’ll have to plug into a television set. You’ll operate your machine like a type writer by pressing keys on the (6)______. If you want to record on the paper of what you are doing, you’ll need a (7)______. On the rear panel of the computer there several (8)_______in to which you can plug a wide range of(9)______- modems,fax machines and scanners. Them a in physical units of a computer system are generally known as the(10) _____. The key: 1 calculator, 2 computers, 3 hardware, 4 software, 5 monitor, 6 keyboard, 7 printer, 8 ports, 9 peripherals, 10 configuration. 5. Аудирование и выполнение заданий по прослушанному. Audition. Exercise 1. Listen to the texts and answer the question «What is the computer of the future like as scientists predict?» Wearable Computers If you are hooked* on the computer and can’t tear* yourself from it, don’t worry. be able to wear it on your wrist,* in your glasses and even in your earings. The first wearable computers are already on sale though they are probably a bit bulgy* right now. Don’t be surprised if in a few years you’ll be putting on your socks and your computer each morning before go into work. Of course, you might not even have to leave the house. Scientists predict that in the future most of us will work from home.
wearable -пригодный для носки, носимый на себе behooked on - быть привязанным к чему-либо, не представлять себе жизни без чего-либо tear – оторваться, отвлечься wrist – запястье bulgy – громоздкий 6. Listen to the text and prove the quotation «Computers have entirely entered our life». Some scientists say that without the computer the 21st century would be impossible. Computers today are running our factories, planning our cities, teaching our children and forecasting our future. The computer solves in seconds the problems a generation of mathematicians would need months or years to solve without its help. The degree to which computers will take over human functions may frighten some people and astonish* others. Computers, like the telephone or electricity, have become a common thing of everyday life used by almost everybody.They have entered our home life. They help to make up a person’s shopping list, remind someone of important appointments and anniversaries and answer the telephone. We often hear that the increasing flood of information will be one of the problems of the 21st century. A computer may help to solve it too. In a computerized library of the future request for information will be answered instantly* and as fully as the user wants. The invention of computers, calculating machines, capable of processing information, cardinally changed our life. The computer performs very simple actions, but its advantage is the speed it calculates at. In fact the computer performs hundreds of thousands of operations per second. Computers are penetrating* all spheres of human activity, in many of them they have become indispensible,* They calculate orbits, guide spaceships and planes, calculate the targets* of economic development, play chess, help housewives to choose a menu. It’s hard to enumerate all the uses the computer may be put to.
instantly – немедленно penetrate –проникать indispensible – незаменимый target -цель
In spite of their protest, their daughter left the computer with them. She also told them that the computer would make it possible for them to be in communication with her when she was on duty in London with her job, as well as with their grown children who live indifferent parts of the country. She explained to them how to use the computer, but they didn’t show any interest in it. Sometime later Gwen decided to try the computer. It was not easy. At first Gwen was afraid she would“break”the machine. She called her son-in-law and asked him some questions about using-mail. She learned the basics of computer communication sand learned to solve problems which a rise in the process of work with computer. After three months she could sende- mail to her children, a nephew,and any one she could reach. She is now so confident*in her abilities*that she is exploring*new ways of getting information with her computer. Gwen says:“E-mail allows me to be in touch*with people every day. It allows me to communicate regularly with my son who has health problems. I don’t have to wait a certain time of day to call. I can send and receive messages at any time”. And Gwen has a right to brag*.When she goes to church or community social events and tells people about the computer, they are amazed*at the fact that she can learn something like that. She has learned a little terminology and can talk to people who know something about the computer. She conquered*the technology she didn’t think she would be able to learn. Now Gwen is planning to install*a modem*,join the Internet and explore the net.
cast-off – ненужный,бросовый software – программное обеспечение proverbial – вошедший в поговорку,общеизвестный whiteelephant – дорогая,бесполезная вещь arise - подниматься confident - уверенный ability -способность explore -исследовать beintouch - контактировать brag- хвастаться amazed – удивлённый, изумлены conquer - покорять install – установить
- how Gwen learned to use the computer? - showing that Gwen had a right to brag? - that Gwen learned a little terminology? - about the family of Gwen and Tim? - about their age? - about their town? - about computer games?
их дочь оставила им компьютер, взрослые дети, они не проявили никакого интереса, основы компьютерной коммуникации, исследует новые способы получения информации через компьютер, регулярно общаться с сыном, отправлять и получать послания в любое время, немного терминологии, общественные события. 10.Retell the text using the following constructions:
- The daughter of Gwen gave them…. - At that time Gwen was… and Tim was… - First Gwen and Tim… - In spite of their protest their daughter… - She told them… - Sometime later… - She learned… - Now…
1. useless or unwanted 2. find the answer 3. feeling certain 4. examine in order to test 5. boast
6. surprised 7. science or art 12. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
1)modema) a system that allows messages to be sent from one computer to another 2)softwareb) feeling certain 3)e-mail) a piece of electronic equipment that allows information to be sent from one computer to another 4)confidentd) a piece of news 5)hard diske) the study or use of computers and other electronic equipment 6)informationf) a part inside a computer that can store technology, information 7)messageg) the programmes that you put into computer to make them do the job they want
1. Knowing how a) an electronic machine which is used to store to use the computer and organize information 2. The term «virtual reality»b) when your computer crashes 3. A computer is c) describes computer images which appear 4. Customers’ names and d) you should invite a specialist addresses are stored 5. More and more schools e) your computer can become obsolete are using multimedia 6. In only a few years f) as a teaching aid 7. It is very annoying g) is a useful skill 8. If you can’t fix f) on our data base your computer
14. Закрепление лексики. Русско-английский перевод. 1. Удобно пользоваться электронной почтой, чтобы контактировать с друзьями. 2. Благодаря компьютеру я могу получать и отправлять сообщения в любое время. 3. Компьютерная терминология не очень трудная. Многие слова пришли из английского языка. 4. Он интересуется компьютерами, знает, как ими пользоваться и владеет основами компьютерного общения. 5. Когда работаешь с компьютером, возникают проблемы, которые необходимо решить. 6. Мы купили компьютер только два года назад, и он уже устарел. 7. Интересно, он пользуется компьютером сейчас или пишет книги ручкой? 8. «Майкрософт» стала крупнейшей фирмой в мире, разрабатывающей программное обеспечение для компьютеров.
2. Computers let you communicate very quickly by e-mail or using the Internet 3. Computers can do some tasks very quickly, for example, send off large number of letters or bills. 4. Computers make it possible to work at home. 5. Word processors make it easier to write letters and reports, and to do work for school or college. 6. Children enjoy using computers, and multimedia, interactive software and virtual reality make learning more exciting. Many books are now available on CD-ROMs. 7. Large amounts of information can be stored in a database.
1. Many people do not like using computers, and would prefer to deal with a person instead. 2. Computers can get viruses and damage software. 3. Software often have bugs, and sometimes computers fail and people lose all the work they had done. 4. Some children spend too much time playing computer games which can be very violent. 5. Anyone can put information on the Internet, so it can easily be used by criminals. There are no laws to stop this yet, and it is extremely difficult to control the Internet. 6. Computers quickly become obsolete, so they soon need to be replaced or updated. 7. If a computer is not working properly, most people do not know how to fix it, and this be very annoying.
DON’T CHAT WITH STRANGERS! Your parents are RIGHT when they say «DON’TTALKTO STRANGERS». You really don’t know who the person is that you are chatting with. It can be very easy to mislead you. ASK YOUR PARENTS AND SURE. Only surf where your parents have given your permission. If a website looks suspicious or has a warning page about you being underage , leave immediately. Some sites are not for kids. Do not go exploring. If you come across a site that you aren’t sure about, ask your parents. Don’t download any applications from the Internet that are from questionable sites. Some sites have viruses which come free with the downloads PASSWORDS. Passwords are secret so don’t give out your passwords to anyone. Do not fill any online forms without asking your parents. Never put your e-mail password on any website while registering. E-MAIL SAFETY. Never open up any email or attachment that you receive from people you don’t know. Ask your parents to look at it first. Sometimes email can contain viruses which could harm your computer. Ask your parents to install the latest anti-virus programmes. SET YOUR TIME. Don’t spend all your time online. Set a time limit on your computer use. Keep your parents informed about sites you visit. 16. Write an essay «You are doing a project on how computers have changed people's lives, how computers are changing things and how people feel about it. Have you got a computer at home? What do you use it for?200-250words» Directory: upload -> 2014 upload -> For want of a nail upload -> Traditional British values upload -> Tv shows, Made for tv movies, Mini Series & Internet Programs Shot at Paramount Ranch upload -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models upload -> Police Militarization upload -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 upload -> Township of winfield 2014 -> National Park Service U. S. Department of the Interior 2014 -> Dear colleagues 2014 -> Kursk state medical university Download 0.98 Mb. Share with your friends:
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