Vojenské rozhledy 1/2000, Czech Military Review [vr no 1/2000] English Annotation The Alliance Dimension of Conceptual Frame of Security And Defence Policy of the Czech Republic
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SELECTED TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENTTrends in the Development of Armoured Combat Vehicles, Materiel and Equipment in the World and its Modernization in the ACR by Ing. Pavel Morong. As a result of rapid development of science and technology, new qualitative combat conditions have come into being. They are characterized by high manoeuvrability, intensity and devastating impacts on forces and environment, in which they act, by variety of forms of command, developing combat activity at land, in the air, large spaces and high velocity. The characteristic feature of future combat will be relatively small, independent units, with the task to defend given lines, areas, and important buildings. They will prepare ambushes, make counterattacks against advancing enemy. This sort of activity will be more effective, because of shorter time of decision-making, more precise weapons against moving and stable targets, up-to-date intelligent and highly effective munitions. Concerning all those mentioned facts: the development of armoured vehicles could be classified into three large groups: (i) tanks; (ii) infantry combat vehicles; (iii) armoured carriers. They will increase their firing capacity, operation and strategic mobility (which is very acute especially for rapid reaction forces and peacekeeping forces). Passive armoured protection will continue only slowly (unless the advance of new tough materiels), with the main stress put on the active ones: e. g. diverting upcoming shells and missiles. For digitalized technology we use the term ”Vectronics”. Gathered data will be also available at military network, outside armoured vehicles. For us, it is only question of financial sources whether we meet such demands. [VR SP Armt Issue 2000] Trends in Chemical Reconnaissance & Survey Equipments by Prof. Ing. Emil Halámek, CSc. Analytic control is an interdisciplinary branch of study penetrating not only chemical science, but also almost all of human activities. Besides general impacts on society, in the army there are special problems of chemical support of services and civil defence. The most important component of it—as far as chemical weapons are concerned—is the chemical survey, with the aim to detect chemical warfare agents, the extent of contamination of atmosphere and terrain (chemical monitoring). A special, rather separated section is constituted by the usage of chemical weapons by terrorists. In the Czech army, we follow upcoming trends, ranging form most simple detectors and indicators, to biosensors for environmental monitoring, based on the screen-printed electrodes, electrochemistry for environmental protection and so on. Chemical detectors of poisonous materials are miniaturized, mostly automatic. We are also developing remote detectors, both active and passive, their usage is explained in this paper. Mobile laboratories are used to top up data collected by chemical reconnaissance teams. Problems of detection and analytical control of chemical operations are solved systematically, at all levels of technological handling, survey and control. [VR SP Armt Issue 2000] Military Wheeled Vehicles for the ACR by Prof. Ing. František Obermann, CSc. One of many important attributes of every army that substationally influenced outcomes of military operations is its mobility. Combat and transport vehicles, including truck chassis, are therefore an indispensable part of armaments. The basic types we use in our army are the makes of home production, with the exception of terrain vehicles, which were bought in the former Soviet Union, in spite of fact that we had prepared own terrain vehicle Škoda. Under the Act on State Orders No 199/1992, the purchase of military cars are done by competitive examinations. In spite of the fact that several years ago the British company Land Rover won this examination, the main provider of heavy trucks is still our traditional Czech supplier Tatra. The survey of terrain vehicles is on the information table, which accompanies this article. Very few home producers could allow concentrate only on military cars, so they only adjust imported Land Rover automobiles. The main producing capacities of military wheeled vehicles were situated in Slovakia. That’s why we are seeking chances how to develop our own capacities with co-operation with foreign firms. It seems that most suitable variant is buying our own production with the use of components from abroad. It is also one of many ways how to revitalize Czech car industry. [VR SP Armt Issue 2000] RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT BASEResearch Development Base and Armaments by Ing. Ladislav Klíma, CSc., Col. Ing. Karel Eminger. Armies of all industrially developed nations have their own incorporated research and development bases (RDB). The systems of RDB of individual militaries and their services are different, as far as their origins and methods of acquisition are concerned. Considering contemporary security layout, defence analysts say that even now the MoD needs vital RD base for the foreseeable future. Such bases cover wide spectrum of activities, from pure research, development, to testing and evaluation. Research activities are tied with individual branches of arms and their commands. Solving problems is interdisciplinary and requires co-operation with civilian organizations. In our country, we have five Military Technological Institutions (MTIs), which originated as a result of the decomposition of scientific establishment after the dissolution of the former Czechoslovak Federation. Those are as follows: (1) MTI-Ground Forces, Vyškov; (2) MTI-Air Forces and Air Defence, Prague; (3) MTI-Defence, Brno; (4) MTI-Electronics, Prague; (5) MTI-Armaments and Munitions, Slavičín. With regard to shrinking defence budgets (i.e. restricted financial means), the authors propose several reorganisational measures, so that the activities of MTIs will not overlap and the institutions could react in proper ways to unexpected crises. 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