War between christian humanism & jewish materialism
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- Apion
- Purim, the Jewish holiday of Revenge against Gentiles.
- Jewish persecution of early Christianity
- Apollonius of Tyana
- Chaeremon
- Cleomedes
- Claudius
Valerius Maximus was a Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes. He worked during the reign of Tiberius (14 AD to 37 AD). Christianity with pagan parallels: Yes, there were other pagan gods with legends of divine births and resurrections, but many Emperors also claimed divine birth and the theme of a god coming back is usually suggestive of the hopeful return of tribal ‘golden ages’. Yes, Easter and Christmas were first pagan holidays. Easter is named after Astarte and Christmas is the Winter solstice. When formal Christianity was advancing into Europe and elsewhere, pagan temples were converted and pagan celebrations were adapted. Even some pagan gods became Christian saints. There are elements of the Gospel which are symbolically close to native religions and were rather easily accepted especially by the Europeans. Europeans had been pre-conditioned to accept Christianity. Throughout the world, religions are pre-conditioned to easily accept Christianity. By the first century Alexandria boasted the largest Jewish population in the Roman world. But in spite of the fact that two-fifths of the city was Jewish, it was the most anti-Jewish city in the ancient world. Finally, in 38 AD, the hatred that had been fomenting in Alexandria for many years spilled over into anti-Jewish riots. As a result of these riots two delegations were sent to Rome. One of these groups– the one defending the pagans–was led by Apion. Apion (20s BC - c. 45-48 AD), Graeco-Egyptian grammarian, sophist and commentator on Homer. Apion studied at Alexandria, and headed one of the deputations sent to Caligula (in 40) to attack the Jews with claims of disloyalty following inter communal riots that left many Greeks and Jews dead. Apion's criticisms of Jewish culture and history were replied to by Josephus in Against Apion. He settled in Rome at an unknown date. Apion taught rhetoric until the reign of Claudius. He wrote several works, none of which has survived. The well-known story "Androclus and the Lion”, is from his work. In his school and in his writings Apion taught three great themes: (1) He cast aspersions on the racial origins of the Jews (2) He questioned their patriotism and loyalty as citizens (3) He accused them of secretly practicing human sacrifice and cannibalism. The first recorded instance of a blood libel against the Jews was in the writings of Apion, who claimed that certain Jews sacrificed Greek victims in the Temple of Jerusalem. Apion, according to Josephus said: “that they used to catch a Greek foreigner, and fat him thus up every year, and then lead him to a certain wood, and kill him, and sacrifice with their accustomed solemnities, and taste of his entrails, and take an oath upon this sacrificing a Greek…” He called Moses "nothing but a seducer and wizard." None of his writings survive, except for what is quoted by Josephus (Contra Apion). Jews in the imperial court at Rome managed to have Apion executed, by order of Emperor Commodus. ~”The principles of Judaism forced them to hate the rest of humanity. Once a year they take a non-Jew, kill him and prove their guts, swearing at dinner that hate the nation of which came from the victim. In the Holy of Holies of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem is a golden head of an ass that Jews idolize. The Sabbath originated because an ailment contracted pelvic Jews to flee Egypt forced them to rest on the seventh day.” Purim, the Jewish holiday of Revenge against Gentiles. “(The Jews) carry out this (rite) every year, on a pre-established date. They catch a Greek merchant and feed him for a whole year. They later take him into a forest, kill him and sacrifice him according to their religion. Then they savor the viscera, and in the moment of sacrificing the Greek, they swear their hatred of all Greeks. Then they dump the remains of the carcass into a ditch.” – Apion Jewish persecution of early Christianity: First persecution: Acts 4:1-22. Peter and John were threatened and ordered not to speak publicly, but did not punish them because of the people. Second persecution: Acts 5:17-42. Peter and other apostles were thrown in prison. Third persecution: Acts 7:54-60. Disciple Stephen was executed through stoning. The first three persecutions were spontaneous and did not result from deliberate planning. There had been no co-ordination of effort. Events had transpired so rapidly that there had been no time to sit down and quietly work out a concerted plan of attack. Fourth persecution: Acts 8:1-3(NIV). “And Saul approved of their killing him (Stephen). On that day a great persecution broke out against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria. 2 Godly men buried Stephen and mourned deeply for him. 3 But Saul began to destroy the church. Going from house to house, he dragged off both men and women and put them in prison.” Fifth persecution: Acts 12:1-19 (NIV). The next spasm of Jewish terror is of particular importance because it introduces a new element in the Jewish plan of destroying Christianity. It reveals the scheme, which was continued for hundreds of years, influencing Gentile rulers to do their dirty work for them. “12 It was about this time that King Herod arrested some who belonged to the church, intending to persecute them. 2 He had James, the brother of John, put to death with the sword. 3 When he saw that this met with approval among the Jews, he proceeded to seize Peter also. This happened during the Festival of Unleavened Bread. 4 After arresting him, he put him in prison, handing him over to be guarded by four squads of four soldiers each. Herod intended to bring him out for public trial after the Passover. 5 So Peter was kept in prison, but the church was earnestly praying to God for him. (Peter was released by God) 18 In the morning, there was no small commotion among the soldiers as to what had become of Peter. 19 After Herod had a thorough search made for him and did not find him, he cross-examined the guards and ordered that they be executed.
40 Anti-Jewish riot on Tigris River. Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) (8/1 10 BC – 10/13 AD 54), was Roman Emperor from 41 to 54. Claudius proved to be an able and efficient administrator. He was also an ambitious builder, constructing many new roads, aqueducts, and canals across the Empire. During his reign the Empire conquered Thrace, Noricum, Pamphylia, Lycia and Judaea, and began the conquest of Britain. The Jews were; as Claudius states, ‘agitating’ for more privileges for themselves beyond what was normal for citizens of the Roman Empire and this probably included further trade concessions in addition to the special privileges conferred on them as Jews by the Emperor Augustus: to ‘reap the profits of their own special privileges’. The Jews were arrogantly and forcibly seeking access into Greek educational establishments and when the Greeks of Alexandria refused to grant this demand the Jews tried force (probably using hired thugs from the local Egyptian population). The Jews were importing large numbers of Jews from Palestine and the rest of Egypt; openly and by stealth, in order to swell their ranks either as a form of proto-Zionist project, a way to gain more privileges by the use of numbers and/or simply for the sake of avarice. In trying to deal with political turbulence and anti-Roman subversion at Alexandria, he forbade officials there "to introduce or invite Jews who sail down to Alexandria from Syria or Egypt, thus compelling me to conceive the greatest suspicion; otherwise I will by all means take vengeance on them as fomenting a general plague on the whole world." (Epistolae) “Alexandria at the time of Claudius there were several clashes between the Jewish and pagan city which culminated in the pogrom of the year 38. The emperor had to call for tolerance to non-Jews in the year 41. As in the time of Caligula Alexandrian two delegations departed before the emperor. In his letter to the Alexandrians Claudio says that tolerate the Jews, but they do not try to increase their numbers and do not intend to interfere in the life of society around them.” Source: "Anti-Semitism and Other Writings" by Juan Sebastian Gomez Jeria Judas: (He appears as a Jew throughout Western art.)  (Byzantine around 800-1000 A.D.)
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