Western alamance high school njrotc academic team study guide 2013 edition drill Manual 6
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- Latin America: Economic Reform
- Latin America: Cartels and Drug Trade
- Latin America: Poverty and Environmental Challenges
- Latin America: US Interests and Regional Issues
Latin AmericaLatin America: An Introduction1. What river serves as a partial border between the US and Mexico? A Rio Baja B Rio Laredo C Rio Grande D Rio Juarez
B Belize C Honduras D El Salvador 3. What is the biggest island in the Caribbean Sea? A Hispaniola B Puerto Rico
D Trinidad and Tobago 4. What South American country is the fifth largest country in the world? A Argentina B Colombia C Venezuela D Brazil
A Paraguay B Uruguay
D Ecuador 6. What larger trend in Latin America is Roman Catholicism responding to? A Secularization B Proselytizing C Militarization D Authoritarian Governments 7. What Protestant religion had half a million followers in Mexico by the early 1990s?
B Jehovah’s Witness C Presbyterian D Methodist 8. What extreme form of Brazilian syncretism is a kind of black magic? A Voodoo
B Santeria C Macumba D Yoruba
B Spanish C Portuguese D Italian 10. What language has 200 million speakers in Brazil? A Spanish B German C Dutch
D Portuguese 11. How many indigenous languages remain in Latin America today? A Less than 10 B Somewhere between 50 and 75
D More than 1,000 12. What language coexists with Spanish as an official language in Peru? A Creole
B Quechua C Guaraní D Patagón
B Europe
C Africa D Australia 14. What civilization between 200 BC and AD 900 is known as the Golden Age of Mexico? A Pueblo
B Mayan C Incan
D Aztec 15. What empire at its peak controlled a large portion of South America? A Aztec
B Mayan C Oaxaca
D Inca 16. In what country did Cortés land and conquer Tenochtitlán? A Mexico B Brazil
C Honduras D Panama
A Colonies
C Slave colonies D City states
A He resisted the US in the Spanish-American War B He drove the Portuguese from Brazil
D He rid Bolivia of German control and influence 19. What is one of the three concepts of the Monroe Doctrine? A The US right to establish commonwealths B Recognize the existing European colonies in Latin America
D Agreement to open trade within the Americas 20. What was included in the secret treaty signed by Santa Anna in 1836? A Texan independence B An end to Mexican slavery C Californian independence D Reparations for the executions at Goliad 21. What situation in Mexico in the early 1860s was a test of the Monroe Doctrine? A British colonization of southern Mexico B Texas voted to become part of Mexico
D Mexican involvement in the US Civil War 22. What did Chile and Bolivia fail to agree on in 1978? A A way to jointly invade Peru and topple its Communist government B A way to jointly administer disputed border territories C A way to restore territories in western Bolivia to Chile D A way to grant Bolivia access to the sea 23. What did President Theodore Roosevelt decide the US needed after the Spanish-American War? A To gain new colonies in Central and South America B To control a canal in the Western Hemisphere C To build better weapons against the Spanish navy D To forge new alliances with Portugal and France
B Evidence of a Cuban military buildup and plans to invade Florida C Khrushchev’s threats to drop an atomic bomb on Miami D Evidence of a terrorist base in Cuba 25. What is one of the aims of the Organization of American States (OAS)? A Prevent trade barriers in the Americas B Provide a court of justice for cross-border disputes
D Build a military security force for the Americas 26. Spaniard who toppled the Inca empire A Bernardo O’Higgins B Toussaint Louverture
D Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla E Vasco Núñez de Balboa
A Bernardo O’Higgins B Toussaint Louverture C Francisco Pizarro D Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
A Bernardo O’Higgins B Toussaint Louverture C Francisco Pizarro D Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla E Vasco Núñez de Balboa 29. Leader of the Haitian Revolution A Bernardo O’Higgins B Toussaint Louverture C Francisco Pizarro D Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla E Vasco Núñez de Balboa 30. Mexico’s climate is mostly desert. A True
B False 31. The four islands that make up the Greater Antilles account for about 90 percent of the Caribbean’s landmass. A True B False
1. Why did European nations establish their colonies in the New World? A Reduce over population B Remove criminals C Get more farm land D Make money 2. What social class in Latin America was very much like a feudal lord in Europe? A PeninsularesCriollos B Hacendados C Mestizos 3. What did a World Bank official say Latin America exhibits between the rich and poor in assets? A Slight disparities B Moderate disparities
D No disparities 4. What economic change led to a small group of people owning more and more land in the nineteenth century? A Decreasing land prices B Falling transportation costs D Decreasing value of the dollar
A Spending by the upper class B Spending by large lower classes
D Middle-class savings 6. What type of political powers did Simón Bolívar assume as the leader of Greater Colombia? A Dictatorial B Democratic C Theocratic D Egalitarian 7. What issue has come up again and again in Mexico and El Salvador, causing civil wars? A Food shortages B Slavery C Water rights D Land ownership 8. What country declared its independence from Colombia as part of the War of a Thousand Days? A Panama B Ecuador C Venezuela D Brazil 9. Whose actions resulted in the so-called “Dirty Wars” in Argentina? A Juan Domingo Perón B The ruling junta C Maria Estela Isabel Martinez de Perón D The Catholic clergy
A Allende B Pinochet C Geisel D Oliveira
A Argentine socialism B Fascism
D Liberal democracy 12. What country did Fidel Castro work closely with for years? A Spain
B Soviet Union C Venezuela D Brazil
B Austerity C Conservative D Fascist 14. How did many people see Hugo Chávez’s first electoral defeat? A A minor event without real importance B A rebuke to his efforts to increase his power C A victory for the military’s leaders D A defeat for democratic presidential reform
A Arms manufacturers B Smugglers C Al-Qaeda cells D Drug cartels 16. Why do high levels of lawlessness cause some businesses to give up and close? A Criminals take over managing the businesses B Criminals skim part or all of the profits C Criminals force owners to sell their businesses cheaply D Criminals drive customers away, so businesses close
A Their property is seized by the state B Their investments go with them C Economic development increases D Lower classes have a chance to move up
A Constitutional limits on the president’s power B Separation of church and state
D Separation of powers in the government 19. What challenged a corrupt government in Paraguay? B Military leaders C The United Nations (UN) D The Catholic Church 20. What call have clergy in Brazil heeded? A Return to celibacy B Social action C Strict vows of poverty D Monastic isolation
B Catholic Relief Agencies C Christian Brotherhood Coalitions D Catholic Family Charities International 22. Who benefits from free trade? A Governmental agencies B Corporate executives
D Producers 23. How does the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) compare to other free trade zones in the world? A Fourth largest B Third largest C Second largest D Largest 24. What does the Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) do away with? A Local markets B Investment
D Access to services 25. What do US policymakers hope that agreements like CAFTA-DR will lead to? A An end to dictatorships B Economic development C Free and fair elections D An end to border disputes
B Augusto Pinochet Ugarte C Oscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez D Juan Domingo Perón E Anastasio Somoza García
A José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori B Augusto Pinochet Ugarte C Oscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez D Juan Domingo Perón E Anastasio Somoza García 28. Roman Catholic archbishop of El Salvador shot as he was saying mass in 1980 A José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mor B Augusto Pinochet Ugarte C Oscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez D Juan Domingo Perón E Anastasio Somoza García
29. General who took over Nicaragua, and kept close ties to the US A José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori B Augusto Pinochet Ugarte C Oscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez D Juan Domingo Perón E Anastasio Somoza García
A José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori B Augusto Pinochet Ugarte C Oscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez D Juan Domingo Perón E Anastasio Somoza García 31. Imagine that a group of wealthy influential members of a community in Havana left Cuba when Castro took over. They were forced to flee with only a few of their belongings and must start over in Florida. Although they left behind their property, how will they likely benefit their new home? A Cuban investments B New investments C Military training D Spanish and English language skills
A Opium poppies B Peyote C Meth
D Marijuana 2. What flourishes in the Andes Mountains? A Opium poppies B Coca C Marijuana D Peyote
B Farmers’ addiction to drugs C Lack of laws against drugs D Religious practices using drugs 4. Why are drug crops attractive to farmers? A They grow wild in much of Latin America B They are easier to grow than wheat, corn, or vegetables
D They are sold locally so farmers save on shipping costs 5. Who are the richest and most “successful” businessmen in many crowded Latin American cities? A Drug lords B American exporters C European companies D Farmers 6. Where is there great demand for illegal drugs? A Europe
B Japan C Mexico
D United States 7. Why does being close to the United States matter to the illegal drug trade? A Legal barriers and US policing have all but eliminated the drug trade B Few legal barriers make it the easiest place to ship to
D US drug lords import and then redistribute illegal drugs to other countries 8. What agreement increased the opportunities for smuggling across the US-Mexican border? A Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) B North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) C Mexico City Accords D Central American Common Market (CACM)
B Large cruise ships C Small cruise ships D Large cargo ships 10. How does the drug trade overwhelm the local economy? A By forcing small businesses to close B By forcing banks out of business
D By luring workers away from other employers 11. What choice did Pablo Escobar offer to those who got in his way? A Work for him or he would spread lies to other potential employers B Buy his drugs or sell them for him C Run away to another country or die D Accept a bribe or face his bullets 12. For what office did Caputo say he saw drug traffickers buying votes? A President B Governor
D Sheriff 13. What do drug lords want besides just selling drugs? A Violence B Land C Money
D Power 14. Why did smugglers dump basuco on the domestic market at low prices? A Because of overabundant crop yields B Because it wasn’t of export quality C Because it was contaminated with insecticide D Because it was too mild for users
A Brazil
B United States C Mexico D Cuba
A Poor people spend much of their income on drugs B Taxes aren’t paid because drug profits are illegal C People do not take part in the economy at a higher skill level D Addiction treatment costs ruin insurance companies 17. How does the drug trade create inflation? A By forcing up prices without any real value added B By adding value and therefore forcing up prices C By creating more attractive neighborhoods D By flooding the market with consumer goods 18. Why might a farmer have to pay more for help with his banana crop in areas with drug money? A The drug trade is more glamorous to many workers B Farmers have to pay bribes to drug lords
D The farmer has to pay taxes because his crop is legal 19. Where do the efforts to identify, arrest, and prosecute drug cartel leaders start? A Anti-drug laws B Intelligence D Border patrols
A Venezuela B Ecuador C Brazil D Colombia
B Extradition C Lawsuits D Deportation 22. How often is forfeiture a part of US government operations thought to involve drugs? A Rare operations B Occasional operations C Most operations D Every operation
A Colombia B United States C Venezuela D Cuba 24. What agency is in charge of stopping the gun trade? A State Department Import/Export Agency B Immigration and Customs Enforcement C United States Border Patrol D Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
A Gun shows near the Mexican border B Guns purchased illegally by individuals
D Guns imported from South America 26. He controlled the Colombian drug trade in the 1980s. A Dante Caputo B Carlos Lehder Rivas C Anastasio Somoza García D Pablo Escobar Gaviria
B Carlos Lehder Rivas C Anastasio Somoza García D Pablo Escobar Gaviria 28. He was a Medellín Cartel leader in Colombia and created the Latino Nationalist Party. A Dante Caputo B Carlos Lehder Rivas C Anastasio Somoza García D Pablo Escobar Gaviria
A True
B False 30. Extradition is key to prosecution of drug lords. A True B False
A True
A Imports of commodities B Textile exports
D US and UN foreign aid 2. What was the main export of Honduras at first? A Bananas B Minerals C Coffee
D Cotton 3. Who grows and markets most of the bananas in Honduras? A International corporations B Large Honduran industrial farms C Individual banana farmers D The Honduran government 4. What happened around 2000 to underline the risks of building a national economy on coffee beans? A Fungus destroyed most of the coffee trees B Hurricanes flooded the coffee plantations C Drought greatly reduced the crop yields D Coffee prices declined steeply worldwide 5. Why did Honduras withdraw from the Central American Common Market (CACM)? A It chose to join NAFTA instead for political reasons B It disagreed with CACM’s policies about agricultural subsidies C It decided it could be more profitable independent of CACM D It couldn’t compete with more industrialized countries
A They buy out small business owners at low prices B They pay relatively high wages for the area C They receive Honduran government subsidies D They pay lower taxes than local companies
B Public sector C Housing sector D Service sector 8. What accounts for more than half of Honduras’s labor force? A Public sector B Manufacturing sector
D Service sector 9. Where is social mobility greater in Colombia? A In small towns B In cities C In ports D In suburbs
A Lack of poor people in cities B Laws that seem to encourage equality
D A strong manufacturing sector 11. What leads to poorly trained and motivated teachers in Latin America? A Parents’ lack of interest B School taxes not enforced C Few teaching jobs available D Poor school funding 12. What Latin American country has made some impressive gains in school enrollment in recent decades? A Colombia B Mexico C Brazil
D Peru 13. What people make up about 10 percent of those who live in Latin America? A Black B Mestizo C Indigenous D Creole
A Political B International C Regional
B Jobs with foreign companies C Stable local government D Low local tax rates 16. What has been one of the great trends across Latin America over the past few decades? A Suburbanization B Organic farming
D Nationalization of industries 17. What does the growth of cities tend to bring with it? A Development of terrorist organizations B Development of an urban middle class C Development of stronger religious beliefs D Development of authoritarian leaders
B Family members find jobs for one another C There is enough farm work to keep them fully employed D They can rely on welfare when not busy farming 19. For Latin Americans, leaving the countryside for the city is moving to what kind of situation? A Low-risk, low-reward situation B Low-risk, high-reward situation C High-risk, low-reward situation D High-risk, high reward situation 20. What city did a 1992 United Nations report call the most polluted metropolis on earth? A São Paulo, Brazil B Bogotá, Colombia C Mexico City, Mexico D Panama City, Panama 21. What is one thing the Mexican government has done to improve air pollution? A Provided tax credits to build wind turbines off the Pacific coast B Planned for more hydroelectric power on Mexico’s biggest rivers
D Created large electricity conservation programs in the cities 22. Where are the majority of the people in Latin America who lack access to safe drinking water? A Rural areas B Large cities C Suburbs of large cities D Coastal regions 23. What causes both surface and groundwater to be subject to serious pollution in Latin America? A Widespread dumping of industrial waste into streams B Not adequately treating much of the sewage C Proliferation of cars and other motor vehicles D Waste from large chemical plants and petroleum refineries
A To build cities B To reduce fire hazard following severe drought
D To get more land for cattle grazing 25. What can unchecked deforestation lead to? A Desertification B New forests C Grasslands D New plant species 26. In Honduras, the “urban informal sector” consists of street vendors, poorly paid household servants, and other “off the books” jobs. A True B False
A True B False
A True
A True
B False 30. Paraguay stands out as a positive example in reducing deforestation. A True B False
1. Why did President McKinley send the battleship USS Maine to Havana Harbor? A To protect Cuba from Spain B To take relief supplies to Cuba
D To send a warning to Castro 2. In December 1898, a peace treaty handed control of Cuba to which country? A Spain
B Portugal C Haiti
D United States 3. What was the purpose of Operation Mongoose? A To overthrow Batista’s government B To undermine and overthrow Castro C To drive the Soviets out of Cuba D To drive the Spanish out of Cuba
B Soviet reformers C Cuban mafia 5. What status was given to Cubans reaching American soil? A Illegal aliens B Economic migrants
D Expatriates 6. Where did most of the Cubans who left Cuba in 1980 go? A Texas
B Louisiana C New York D Florida 7. What did President Kennedy find especially troubling about François Duvalier’s regime in Haiti? A Duvalier used American military aid to train his personal paramilitary force B Duvalier massacred thousands of Haitian opposition members C Haiti became closely allied with both Cuba and the Soviet Union D Haiti cut off all ties with the United States and Europe 8. What was one reason Jean-Claude Duvalier and his wife left Haiti in 1986? A Castro tried to take over Haiti B Pope John Paul II called for his removal C The Duvaliers’ son took over Haiti D President Reagan pressured him to leave 9. Why did Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide leave office in 1991? A He lost the election to Raoul Cédras B He was overthrown by military officers C He retired after a decade of service D He handed power over to his son 10. UN Security Council Resolution 940 resulted in what action by the United States? A Led the UN in recognizing General Raoul Cédras as the ruler of Haiti B Formed a multinational effort to provide relief supplies to Haitian people C Formed a multinational force to rid Haiti of General Raoul Cédras D Established René Préval as the new President of Haiti 11. In what status does the US consider Haitian emigrants to the United States? A Illegal aliens B Economic migrants C Refugees D Expatriates
A The government’s harsh racist policies B The church’s pressure to renounce voodoo C The communist system of collective farms D Natural and ecological disasters 13. What must an immigrant to the United States have to be considered legal? A A visa from a US embassy B A special immigration permit C A validated birth certificate D A close relative living in the US 14. What grants citizenship to anyone born on US soil, even if their parents are illegal immigrants? A US Constitution’s 14th Amendment B US Grant of Temporary Status C US Constitution’s 12th Amendment D Monroe Doctrine 15. What happened when Crider Inc. in Georgia lost most of its Hispanic workforce, here illegally, to an immigration raid? A The company relocated to Mexico B The company went out of business
D The workers were deported but returned later, illegally 16. Most illegal immigrants compete for jobs with what Americans? A Workers with less than a middle school education B Workers with less than a high school education C The bottom third of the labor force D High school graduates without any college courses
A Level out income inequality B Boost the growth of new businesses C Enlarge the middle class D Help the very poorest stay afloat 18. What caused remittances to Latin America to fall drastically in 2008? A New American laws against remittances B Global recession that began in 2007 C Improved economic conditions in Latin America D North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
B Change immigration quotas for Latin Americans C Provide a guest worker program D Order construction of a border fence between the US and Mexico 20. Why did the 2006 immigration legislation passed by the US Senate die in the House of Representatives? A It was killed by Presidential veto B American voters opposed the measure C The House disapproved building a fence along the border D The House did not favor a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants 21. What spurs much of the immigration to the United States? A Racial inequality in Latin America B Fear of autocratic governments in Latin America C Family ties with people in the United States D Economic inequality in Latin America 22. Why is US well-being not separate from Latin America’s? A Deepening economic and other ties B Shared ethnic and religious origin C Shared history and culture D Similar political systems 23. Where is the danger to the United States from Mexican drug cartels and their allies? A Limited to the American states along the United States/Mexico border B In 16 American states bordering Mexico and Canada
D On the Mexican side of the United States/Mexico border 24. What country has recently sought to renationalize the investment of foreign oil producers? A Brazil
B Venezuela C Colombia D Ecuador
A Coal plants B Nuclear plants C Wind turbines D Hydroelectric power 26. Leader who won Cuba’s presidential election in 1940 A René Préval B Jean-Bertrand Aristide C Jean-Claude Duvalier D Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar E François Duvalier 27. Haitian leader whose nickname was “Papa Doc” A René Préval B Jean-Bertrand Aristide C Jean-Claude Duvalier D Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar
A René Préval B Jean-Bertrand Aristide
D Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar E François Duvalier 29. Haitian president who was overthrown and exiled, returned from exile, and was restored to power. A René Préval
C Jean-Claude Duvalier D Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar E François Duvalie 30. Leader who became president as the result of Haiti’s first-ever democratic transition of power. A René Préval B Jean-Bertrand Aristide C Jean-Claude Duvalier D Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar E François Duvalier
B False
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