Ad/2010-08-01 Concrete Syntax for a uml action Language for Foundational uml (Alf) Second Revised Submission

ad/2010-08-01 1

1

Concrete Syntax for a UML Action Language 1

Action Language for Foundational UML (Alf)

Second Revised Submission 1

23 August 2010 1

Submitted by 1

Model Driven Solutions 1

Mentor Graphics Corporation 1

International Business Machines 1

88solutions Corporation 1

No Magic, Inc. 1

Visumpoint 1

Supported by 1

Ericsson 1

CEA 1

Lockheed Martin 1

Thales 1

Contents i

INTRODUCTION 1

INTRODUCTION 1

0 Introduction 1

0.1 Contacts 1

0.2 Proof of Concept 1

0.3 Resolution of RFP Requirements 1

0.3.1 Mandatory Requirements 1

0.3.2 Optional Requirements 3

0.4 Issues To Be Discussed 3

1 Scope 9

2 Conformance 10

2.1 Syntactic Conformance 10

2.2 Semantic Conformance 10

2.3 Additional Conformance Points 11

3 Normative References 12

4 Terms and Definitions 13

5 Symbols 14

6 Overview 15

6.1 Integration with UML Models 15

6.2 Templates 16

6.3 Lexical Structure 18

6.4 Concrete Syntax 19

6.5 Abstract Syntax 21

6.6 Mapping to Foundational UML 22

6.7 Organization of the Specification 23

PART I - LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION 25

PART I - LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION 25

7 Lexical Structure 25

7.1 Line Terminators 25

7.2 Input Elements and Tokens 25

7.3 White Space 26

7.4 Comments 26

7.4.1 Lexical Comments 27

7.4.2 Documentation Comments 27

7.5 Names 28

7.6 Reserved Words 30

7.7 Primitive Literals 30

7.7.1 Boolean Literals 30

7.7.2 Natural Literals 31

7.7.3 Unbounded Value Literals 32

7.7.4 String Literals 33

7.8 Punctuation 33

7.9 Operators 33

8 Expressions 34

8.1 Overview 34

8.2 Qualified Names 36

8.3 Primary Expressions 42

8.3.1 Overview 42

8.3.2 Literal Expressions 43

8.3.3 Name Expressions 44

8.3.4 this Expressions 46

8.3.5 Parenthesized Expressions 47

8.3.6 Property Access Expressions 47

8.3.7 Invocation Expressions 50

8.3.8 Tuples 51

8.3.9 Behavior Invocation Expressions 54

8.3.10 Feature Invocation Expressions 57

8.3.11 Super Invocation Expressions 60

8.3.12 Instance Creation Expressions 62

8.3.13 Link Operation Expressions 65

8.3.14 Class Extent Expressions 68

8.3.15 Sequence Construction Expressions 69

8.3.16 Sequence Access Expressions 72

8.3.17 Sequence Operation Expressions 73

8.3.18 Sequence Reduction Expressions 76

8.3.19 Sequence Expansion Expressions 78

8.3.20 select and reject Expressions 81

8.3.21 collect and iterate Expressions 82

8.3.22 forAll, exists and one Expressions 83

8.3.23 isUnique Expression 84

8.4 Increment and Decrement Expressions 85

8.5 Unary Expressions 86

8.5.1 Overview 86

8.5.2 Boolean Unary Expressions 87

8.5.3 BitString Unary Expressions 88

8.5.4 Numeric Unary Expressions 89

8.5.5 Cast Expressions 90

8.5.6 Isolation Expressions 91

8.6 Binary Expressions 92

8.6.1 Overview 92

8.6.2 Arithmetic Expressions 93

8.6.3 Shift Expressions 94

8.6.4 Relational Expressions 96

8.6.5 Classification Expressions 97

8.6.6 Equality Expressions 99

8.6.7 Logical Expressions 100

8.6.8 Conditional Logical Expressions 102

8.7 Conditional-Test Expressions 103

8.8 Assignment Expressions 105

9 Statements 110

9.1 Overview 110

9.2 Annotated Statements 113

9.3 In-line Statements 116

9.4 Block Statements 117

9.5 Empty Statements 120

9.6 Local Name Declaration Statements 121

9.7 Expression Statements 124

9.8 if Statements 125

9.9 switch Statements 128

9.10 while Statements 130

9.11 do Statements 132

9.12 for Statements 133

9.13 break Statements 137

9.14 return Statements 138

9.15 accept Statements 139

9.16 classify Statements 142

10 Units 144

10.1 Overview 144

10.2 Namespaces 151

10.3 Packages 153

10.4 Classifiers 155

10.4.1 Overview 155

10.4.2 Classes 158

10.4.3 Active Classes 162

10.4.4 Data Types 165

10.4.5 Associations 167

10.4.6 Enumerations 168

10.4.7 Signals 170

10.4.8 Activities 171

10.5 Features 175

10.5.1 Overview 175

10.5.2 Properties 176

10.5.3 Operations 179

10.5.3.1 Constructors 183

10.5.3.2 Destructors 186

10.5.4 Receptions 188

11 Standard Model Library 191

11.1 ActionLanguage Profile 191

11.2 Primitive Types 192

11.2.1 Natural Type 192

11.2.2 Bit String Type 193

11.3 Primitive Behaviors 193

11.3.1 Boolean Functions 194

11.3.2 Integer Functions 195

11.3.3 String Functions 196

11.3.4 UnlimitedNatural Functions 196

11.3.5 Bit String Functions 197

11.3.6 Sequence Functions 200

11.4 Basic Input and Output 205

11.5 Collection Functions 205

11.6 Collection Classes 208

11.6.1 Bag 211

11.6.2 Collection 211

11.6.3 Deque 214

11.6.4 Entry 216

11.6.5 List 216

11.6.6 Map 219

11.6.7 OrderedSet 222

11.6.8 Queue 226

11.6.9 Set 229

PART II - ABSTRACT SYNTAX 230

PART II - ABSTRACT SYNTAX 230

12 Common Abstract Syntax 230

12.1 Overview 230

12.2 Class Descriptions 232

12.2.1 AssignedSource 232

12.2.2 DocumentedElement 233

12.2.3 ElementReference 233

12.2.4 ExternalElementReference 234

12.2.5 InternalElementReference 234

12.2.6 SyntaxElement 234

13 Expressions Abstract Syntax 236

13.1 Overview 236

13.2 Class Descriptions 243

13.2.1 ArithmeticExpression 243

13.2.2 AssignmentExpression 244

13.2.3 BehaviorInvocationExpression 247

13.2.4 BinaryExpression 248

13.2.5 BitStringUnaryExpression 249

13.2.6 BooleanLiteralExpression 250

13.2.7 BooleanUnaryExpression 251

13.2.8 CastExpression 251

13.2.9 ClassExtentExpression 252

13.2.10 ClassificationExpression 253

13.2.11 CollectOrIterateExpression 254

13.2.12 ConditionalLogicalExpression 255

13.2.13 ConditionalTestExpression 256

13.2.14 EqualityExpression 257

13.2.15 Expression 258

13.2.16 ExtentOrExpression 259

13.2.17 FeatureInvocationExpression 259

13.2.18 FeatureLeftHandSide 260

13.2.19 FeatureReference 261

13.2.20 ForAllOrExistsOrOneExpression 262

13.2.21 IncrementOrDecrementExpression 262

13.2.22 InstanceCreationExpression 264

13.2.23 InvocationExpression 265

13.2.24 IsolationExpression 268

13.2.25 IsUniqueExpression 268

13.2.26 LeftHandSide 269

13.2.27 LinkOperationExpression 270

13.2.28 LiteralExpression 271

13.2.29 LogicalExpression 271

13.2.30 NameBinding 273

13.2.31 NamedExpression 273

13.2.32 NamedTemplateBinding 274

13.2.33 NamedTuple 274

13.2.34 NameExpression 275

13.2.35 NameLeftHandSide 276

13.2.36 NaturalLiteralExpression 277

13.2.37 NumericUnaryExpression 278

13.2.38 OutputNamedExpression 278

13.2.39 PositionalTemplateBinding 279

13.2.40 PositionalTuple 280

13.2.41 PropertyAccessExpression 280

13.2.42 QualifiedName 281

13.2.43 RelationalExpression 283

13.2.44 SelectOrRejectExpression 284

13.2.45 SequenceAccessExpression 285

13.2.46 SequenceConstructionExpression 286

13.2.47 SequenceElements 287

13.2.48 SequenceExpansionExpression 287

13.2.49 SequenceExpressionList 289

13.2.50 SequenceOperationExpression 289

13.2.51 SequenceRange 291

13.2.52 SequenceReductionExpression 291

13.2.53 ShiftExpression 293

13.2.54 StringLiteralExpression 293

13.2.55 SuperInvocationExpression 294

13.2.56 TemplateBinding 295

13.2.57 TemplateParameterSubstitution 295

13.2.58 ThisExpression 296

13.2.59 Tuple 296

13.2.60 UnaryExpression 298

13.2.61 UnboundedLiteralExpression 298

14 Statements Abstract Syntax 300

14.1 Overview 300

14.2 Class Descriptions 304

14.2.1 AcceptBlock 304

14.2.2 AcceptStatement 305

14.2.3 Annotation 306

14.2.4 Block 307

14.2.5 BlockStatement 308

14.2.6 BreakStatement 309

14.2.7 ClassifyStatement 309

14.2.8 ConcurrentClauses 311

14.2.9 DoStatement 311

14.2.10 EmptyStatement 312

14.2.11 ExpressionStatement 313

14.2.12 ForStatement 313

14.2.13 IfStatement 315

14.2.14 InLineStatement 316

14.2.15 LocalNameDeclarationStatement 317

14.2.16 LoopVariableDefinition 318

14.2.17 NonFinalClause 320

14.2.18 QualifiedNameList 321

14.2.19 ReturnStatement 321

14.2.20 Statement 322

14.2.21 SwitchClause 323

14.2.22 SwitchStatement 324

14.2.23 WhileStatement 326

15 Units Abstract Syntax 327

15.1 Overview 327

15.2 Class Descriptions 329

15.2.1 ActiveClassDefinition 329

15.2.2 ActivityDefinition 330

15.2.3 AssociationDefinition 331

15.2.4 ClassDefinition 331

15.2.5 ClassifierDefinition 332

15.2.6 ClassifierTemplateParameter 333

15.2.7 DataTypeDefinition 334

15.2.8 ElementImportReference 334

15.2.9 EnumerationDefinition 335

15.2.10 EnumerationLiteralName 336

15.2.11 FormalParameter 336

15.2.12 ImportedMember 337

15.2.13 ImportReference 337

15.2.14 Member 338

15.2.15 NamespaceDefinition 340

15.2.16 OperationDefinition 341

15.2.17 PackageDefinition 343

15.2.18 PackageImportReference 344

15.2.19 PropertyDefinition 344

15.2.20 ReceptionDefinition 345

15.2.21 SignalDefinition 346

15.2.22 SignalReceptionDefinition 347

15.2.23 StereotypeAnnotation 347

15.2.24 TaggedValue 349

15.2.25 TaggedValueList 349

15.2.26 TypedElementDefinition 350

15.2.27 UnitDefinition 351

PART III - MAPPING TO FOUNDATIONAL UML 353

PART III - MAPPING TO FOUNDATIONAL UML 353

16 Common Mapping 353

16.1 Syntax Elements 353

16.2 Documented Elements 353

16.3 Element References 353

16.4 Assigned Sources 354

17 Expressions Mapping 355

17.1 General 355

17.2 Qualified Names 355

17.3 Literal Expressions 355

17.4 Name Expressions 355

17.5 this Expressions 356

17.6 Property Access Expressions 356

17.7 Invocation Expressions 356

17.8 Tuples 357

17.9 Behavior Invocation Expressions 357

17.10 Feature Invocation Expressions 358

17.11 Super Invocation Expressions 359

17.12 Instance Creation Expressions 359

17.13 Link Operation Expressions 360

17.14 Class Extent Expressions 361

17.15 Sequence Construction Expression 361

17.16 Sequence Access Expressions 362

17.17 Sequence Operation Expressions 362

17.18 Sequence Reduction Expression 362

17.19 Sequence Expansion Expressions 362

17.20 Increment and Decrement Expressions 364

17.21 Unary Expressions 364

17.22 Binary Expression 365

17.23 Conditional-Test Expressions 367

17.24 Assignment Expressions 368

18 Statements Mapping 371

18.1 General 371

18.2 In-Line Statements 371

18.3 Block Statements 371

18.4 Empty Statements 372

18.5 Local Name Definition Statements 372

18.6 Expression Statements 372

18.7 if Statements 372

18.8 switch Statements 373

18.9 while Statements 373

18.10 do Statements 374

18.11 for Statements 375

18.12 break Statements 376

18.13 return Statements 376

18.14 accept Statements 376

18.15 classify Statements 377

19 Units Mapping 378

19.1 General 378

19.2 Namespace Definitions 378

19.3 Package Definitions 378

19.4 Classifier Definitions 379

19.5 Class Definitions 379

19.6 Active Class Definitions 380

19.7 Data Type Definitions 380

19.8 Association Definitions 380

19.9 Enumeration Definitions 381

19.10 Signal (and Signal Reception) Definitions 381

19.11 Activity Definitions 381

19.12 Typed Element Definitions 382

19.13 Formal Parameters 382

19.14 Property Definitions 382

19.15 Operation Definitions 383

19.16 Reception Definitions 383

PART IV - ANNEXES 384

PART IV - ANNEXES 384

Annex A Semantic Integration with State Machines and Composite Structure
(informative) 384

A.1 State Machines 384

A.2 Composite Structure 388

Annex B Extended Examples
(informative) 392

B.1 Quicksort Activity 392

B.1.1 Quicksort Functional Implementation 392

B.1.2 Quicksort “In Place” Implementation 395

B.2 Online Bookstore 396

B.2.1 Graphical Model for Ordering 396

B.2.2 Alf Representation of Entry Behaviors 399

B.2.3 Alf Representation of the Ordering Model 403

B.2.4 Class Order 405

B.3 Property Management Service 408

B.3.1 The Property Management Model 408

B.3.2 Message Model 411

B.3.3 Service Model 413

B.3.4 Property Management Service Methods 415

B.4 Alf Standard Library Collection Classes Implementation 423

B.4.1 CollectionClasses::Impl 423

B.4.2 CollectionClasses::Impl::CollectionImpl 424

B.4.3 CollectionClasses::Impl::OrderedCollectionImpl 426

B.4.4 CollectionClasses::Impl::Set 427

B.4.5 CollectionClasses::Impl::OrderedSet 428

B.4.6 CollectionClasses::Impl::Bag 429

B.4.7 CollectionClasses::Impl::List 430

B.4.8 CollectionClasses::Impl::Queue 430

B.4.9 CollectionClasses::Impl::Deque 431

B.4.10 CollectionClasses::Impl::Map 432

Annex C Consolidated LL Grammar
(informative) 435

C.1 Lexical Analyzer 435

C.2 Parser 439