Agroinformatics Herdon, Miklós Agroinformatics

Herdon, Miklós

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/1-11/1-2011-0009

University of Debrecen, Service Sciences Methodology Centre

Debrecen, 2013.
Tartalom

Tárgymutató Error: Reference source not found

1. Agriculture Systems and Informatics Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

1.1. The Importance of Agriculture to Development and the Contribution of ICTs Error: Reference source not found

1.2. ICTs, Critical Information Flows, and the Agricultural Knowledge System Error: Reference source not found

2. The Feasibility of Ict in Rural Areas Error: Reference source not found

2.1. Financial Aspects: Up-front Costs and Long-term Benefits of ICT Approaches Error: Reference source not found

2.2. Technical Aspects of ICT Feasibility in Rural Areas Error: Reference source not found

2.3. Promising Emerging Technologies Error: Reference source not found

2.4. Some major ‘ICT’ trends Error: Reference source not found

2.5. Some high impact innovations Error: Reference source not found

2.5.1. Hardware and Connectivity Error: Reference source not found

2.5.2. Ubiquitous Telecommunication Infrastructure Error: Reference source not found

2.5.3. Utility or "Cloud" Computing Error: Reference source not found

2.5.4. Software and Content Management Error: Reference source not found

2.5.5. Interaction with Biology Error: Reference source not found

2.5.6. Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Materials Science and ICTs Error: Reference source not found

3. Information and Communication Technology in Agricultural Development Error: Reference source not found

3.1. Convergence of ICT with agricultural development Error: Reference source not found

3.2. Areas of IT convergence Error: Reference source not found

3.3. Drivers of ICT in Agriculture Error: Reference source not found

3.3.1. Low-Cost and Pervasive Connectivity Error: Reference source not found

3.3.2. Adaptable and More Affordable Tools Error: Reference source not found

3.3.3. New Business Models and Public-Private Partnerships Error: Reference source not found

3.3.4. Democratization of Information, the Open Access Movement, and Social Media Error: Reference source not found

3.3.5. Use Appropriate Technologies Error: Reference source not found

4. Making ICT Infrastructure, Appliances, and Services More Error: Reference source not found

4.1. Accessible and Affordable in Rural Areas Error: Reference source not found

4.2. Key Challenges and Enablers Error: Reference source not found

4.2.1. Partnerships Error: Reference source not found

4.2.2. Regulation and Policy Challenges Error: Reference source not found

4.3. Infrastructure Error: Reference source not found

4.3.1. Local Loop or “Last Mile” Connectivity Error: Reference source not found

4.4. Appliances Error: Reference source not found

4.5. Services Error: Reference source not found

4.6. Anytime, Anywhere: Mobile Devices and Services Error: Reference source not found

5. Applications in Agriculture Error: Reference source not found

6. Questions Error: Reference source not found

2. Hardware Architectures Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

1.1. Data and Information Error: Reference source not found

1.2. Information Processing Cycle Error: Reference source not found

2. The Components of a computer Error: Reference source not found

2.1. Input Devices Error: Reference source not found

2.2. Output Devices Error: Reference source not found

2.3. System Unit Error: Reference source not found

2.4. Storage Devices Error: Reference source not found

2.5. Communications Devices Error: Reference source not found

3. The Computer Architecture Error: Reference source not found

3.1. Basic Therms Error: Reference source not found

3.2. A data processor Error: Reference source not found

4. The physical PC Error: Reference source not found

4.1. Internal drivers Error: Reference source not found

4.2. External drivers Error: Reference source not found

4.3. An example of an interface Error: Reference source not found

5. The CPU Error: Reference source not found

5.1. CPU testing programs Error: Reference source not found

5.2. The CPU and the motherboard Error: Reference source not found

6. Busses Error: Reference source not found

7. The chip set Error: Reference source not found

7.1. The north bridge Error: Reference source not found

7.2. The south bridge Error: Reference source not found

8. SCSI, USB and Firewire Error: Reference source not found

8.1. SCSI Error: Reference source not found

8.2. RAID Error: Reference source not found

8.3. >USB Error: Reference source not found

8.4. USB – the technology Error: Reference source not found

8.5. Hard disks, ATA and SATA Error: Reference source not found

9. Questions Error: Reference source not found

3. Operating Systems Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

1.1. Input and Output devices Error: Reference source not found

1.2. A single-user operating system Error: Reference source not found

1.3. A multi-user operating system Error: Reference source not found

1.4. Operating system utilities Error: Reference source not found

1.5. >Operating System Interfaces Error: Reference source not found

1.6. Advantages and problems of multi-user operating systems Error: Reference source not found

1.7. Multi-tasking operating system Error: Reference source not found

2. Parts of an Operating System Error: Reference source not found

2.1. The real-time executive Error: Reference source not found

2.2. Computer program Error: Reference source not found

2.3. Run more than one program at once Error: Reference source not found

2.4. Co-operative and preemptive switching Error: Reference source not found

2.5. The Process Error: Reference source not found

2.6. Background and foreground process Error: Reference source not found

2.7. The Bootstrap Process Error: Reference source not found

2.8. Different types of Operating Systems Error: Reference source not found

2.9. The shell Error: Reference source not found

3. File Management Error: Reference source not found

3.1. The File Control Blocks Error: Reference source not found

3.2. File names Error: Reference source not found

3.3. File types Error: Reference source not found

3.4. Track of files Error: Reference source not found

3.5. Root file system Error: Reference source not found

3.6. File systems supported by Windows operating systems Error: Reference source not found

3.7. Access-control lists and file permissions Error: Reference source not found

3.8. Symbolic ulink or shortcut Error: Reference source not found

4. The Windows Operating System Error: Reference source not found

4.1. Architecture Error: Reference source not found

4.2. Operating System Organization Error: Reference source not found

4.3. User-Mode Processes Error: Reference source not found

4.4. Client/Server Model Error: Reference source not found

5. The Unix Operating System Error: Reference source not found

5.1. Modern Unix Systems Error: Reference source not found

5.2. System V Release 4 (SVR4) Error: Reference source not found

5.3. BSD Error: Reference source not found

5.4. Solaris 10 Error: Reference source not found

6. The Linux Operating System Error: Reference source not found

6.1. Inside a Microcomputer Error: Reference source not found

6.2. The Basic PC Error: Reference source not found

6.3. More About ROM BIOS Error: Reference source not found

7. Types of Microcomputers Error: Reference source not found

7.1. Desktops and Laptops Error: Reference source not found

7.2. Servers Error: Reference source not found

7.3. Handheld Devices Error: Reference source not found

7.4. Smartphones Error: Reference source not found

8. >Functions of Operating Systems Error: Reference source not found

8.1. User Interface Error: Reference source not found

8.2. Job Management Error: Reference source not found

8.3. Task Management Error: Reference source not found

8.4. Memory Management Error: Reference source not found

8.5. File Management Error: Reference source not found

8.6. Device Management Error: Reference source not found

8.7. Security Error: Reference source not found

9. Categories of Operating Systems Error: Reference source not found

9.1. Single-User/Single-Tasking Error: Reference source not found

9.2. Single-User/Multitasking Error: Reference source not found

9.3. Multiuser/Multitasking Operating Systems Error: Reference source not found

9.4. Real-Time Operating Systems Error: Reference source not found

9.5. 16-, 32-, and 64-Bit OSs Error: Reference source not found

9.6. Yesterday’s Operating Systems Error: Reference source not found

9.7. UNIX – The OS for All Platforms Error: Reference source not found

9.8. Today’s Desktop OSs Error: Reference source not found

9.9. Windows Vista Error: Reference source not found

9.10. Windows 7 Error: Reference source not found

9.11. Windows 8 Error: Reference source not found

10. Questions Error: Reference source not found

4. Advanced Spread Sheet System Applications Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

2. Using Excel formulae Error: Reference source not found

3. Excel functions Error: Reference source not found

3.1. Category Includes Error: Reference source not found

3.2. Copying and pasting formulas Error: Reference source not found

3.3. The order of processing of formulae Error: Reference source not found

3.4. Priority Operator Description Error: Reference source not found

3.5. Using relative and absolute cell references Error: Reference source not found

3.6. Advanced Excel Tips Error: Reference source not found

4. Working with charts and graphs Error: Reference source not found

4.1. Adding legends to your chart or graph Error: Reference source not found

4.2. Editing charts and graphs Error: Reference source not found

4.3. Editing a chart’s data range Error: Reference source not found

5. Absolute vs. Relative References Beyond the Basics Error: Reference source not found

5.1. Basics Reviewed Error: Reference source not found

5.2. Beyond the Basics Error: Reference source not found

5.3. Partially Absolute Cell References Error: Reference source not found

5.4. Range Name and Sheet Name References Error: Reference source not found

5.5. AutoSum Drop Down Options Error: Reference source not found

6. Working with Styles Error: Reference source not found

6.1. Changing Defaults for Workbooks and Worksheets Error: Reference source not found

6.2. Create a File You Always Start With Error: Reference source not found

6.3. Create a Template to Use for New Workbooks Error: Reference source not found

6.4. Create a Template that is Opened Automatically Error: Reference source not found

7. Questions Error: Reference source not found

5. Database system Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

2. Organized Collection of Symbols Error: Reference source not found

3. Collection of Variables Error: Reference source not found

4. The Relational Database Error: Reference source not found

5. “Relation” Not Equal to “Table” Error: Reference source not found

6. Anatomy of a Relation Error: Reference source not found

7. The DBMS Error: Reference source not found

8. Database Language Error: Reference source not found

9. Relational Algebra – The Foundation Error: Reference source not found

10. Access-2007 Error: Reference source not found

10.1. Basic Terminology Error: Reference source not found

10.2. Interface Overview Error: Reference source not found

10.2.1. Template Pane Error: Reference source not found

10.2.2. Recent Files Error: Reference source not found

10.2.3. New Blank Database Error: Reference source not found

10.2.4. Microsoft Office Online Error: Reference source not found

10.2.5. Status bar Error: Reference source not found

10.2.6. Command Tabs Error: Reference source not found

10.2.7. Ribbons Error: Reference source not found

10.3. Navigation Pane Error: Reference source not found

10.4. Object Tabs Error: Reference source not found

10.4.1. Help Button Error: Reference source not found

10.4.2. Closing Microsoft Access Error: Reference source not found

11. Making Database Error: Reference source not found

11.1. Planning a Database Error: Reference source not found

11.2. Tables Error: Reference source not found

11.2.1. The Record Error: Reference source not found

11.2.2. Empty Table Error: Reference source not found

11.2.3. Table from Template Error: Reference source not found

11.2.4. Table Design View Error: Reference source not found

11.2.5. Creating a Database from a Template Error: Reference source not found

11.3. Using the Quick Access Toolbar Error: Reference source not found

11.3.1. About the Default Buttons Error: Reference source not found

11.4. Using Database Objects Error: Reference source not found

11.5. Report Wizard Error: Reference source not found

11.5.1. Creating a Report with the Wizard Error: Reference source not found

11.5.2. Using Design View to Modify a Report Error: Reference source not found

11.5.3. Using Reports Error: Reference source not found

11.5.4. Common Report Tasks Error: Reference source not found

11.5.5. Adding a Photo Error: Reference source not found

11.5.6. Adjusting Page Properties Error: Reference source not found

11.5.7. Print Options Tab Error: Reference source not found

11.5.8. Page Tab Error: Reference source not found

11.5.9. Columns Tab Error: Reference source not found

12. Questions Error: Reference source not found

6. Computer Networks Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

2. Network Hardware Error: Reference source not found

2.1. Local Area Networks Error: Reference source not found

2.2. Metropolitan Area Networks Error: Reference source not found

2.3. Wide Area Networks Error: Reference source not found

2.4. Wireless Networks Error: Reference source not found

2.5. Home Networks Error: Reference source not found

2.6. Internetworks Error: Reference source not found

3. Network Software Error: Reference source not found

3.1. Protocol Hierarchies Error: Reference source not found

3.2. Reference Models Error: Reference source not found

3.3. The OSI Reference Model Error: Reference source not found

3.4. The Physical Layer Error: Reference source not found

3.5. The Data ulink Layer Error: Reference source not found

3.6. The Network Layer Error: Reference source not found

3.7. The Transport Layer Error: Reference source not found

3.8. The Session Layer Error: Reference source not found

3.9. The Presentation Layer Error: Reference source not found

3.10. The Application Layer Error: Reference source not found

4. Questions Error: Reference source not found

7. Internet Services Error: Reference source not found

1. The TCP/IP Reference Model Error: Reference source not found

1.1. The Internet Layer Error: Reference source not found

1.2. The Transport Layer Error: Reference source not found

1.3. The Application Layer Error: Reference source not found

1.4. The Host-to-Network Layer Error: Reference source not found

2. A Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models Error: Reference source not found

3. The IP Protocol Error: Reference source not found

3.1. IP Addresses Error: Reference source not found

3.2. The Application Layer Error: Reference source not found

3.3. DNS – The Domain Name System Error: Reference source not found

4. The DNS Name Space Error: Reference source not found

5. Electronic Mail Error: Reference source not found

5.1. Architecture and Services Error: Reference source not found

5.2. The User Agent Error: Reference source not found

5.2.1. Sending E-mail Error: Reference source not found

5.2.2. Reading E-mail Error: Reference source not found

5.2.3. MIME – The Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions Error: Reference source not found

5.3. Final Delivery Error: Reference source not found

5.3.1. POP3 Error: Reference source not found

5.3.2. IMAP Error: Reference source not found

5.3.3. Webmail Error: Reference source not found

6. The World Wide Web Error: Reference source not found

6.1. Architectural Overview Error: Reference source not found

6.1.1. The Client Side Error: Reference source not found

6.1.2. The Server Side Error: Reference source not found

6.2. URLs – Uniform Resource Locators Error: Reference source not found

6.3. Static Web Documents Error: Reference source not found

6.4. HTML – The HyperText Markup Language Error: Reference source not found

6.5. XML and XSL Error: Reference source not found

6.6. Dynamic Web Documents Error: Reference source not found

6.6.1. Server-Side Dynamic Web Page Generation Error: Reference source not found

6.6.2. Client-Side Dynamic Web Page Generation Error: Reference source not found

6.7. >HTTP – The HyperText Transfer Protocol Error: Reference source not found

6.8. The Wireless Web Error: Reference source not found

6.8.1. WAP – The Wireless Application Protocol Error: Reference source not found

7. Multimedia Error: Reference source not found

7.1. Introduction to Digital Audio Error: Reference source not found

7.2. Audio Compression Error: Reference source not found

7.3. Streaming Audio Error: Reference source not found

7.4. Internet Radio Error: Reference source not found

7.5. Voice over IP Error: Reference source not found

7.6. Video on Demand Error: Reference source not found

7.7. The MBone – The Multicast Backbone Error: Reference source not found

8. Questions Error: Reference source not found

8. Information Systems in Agriculture Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

2. Information systems and communication networks Error: Reference source not found

3. Management Information Systems Error: Reference source not found

4. Internal Information Systems Error: Reference source not found

4.1. On-Farm Information Systems – Computer Hardware Error: Reference source not found

4.2. On-Farm Database and Modelbase Applications Error: Reference source not found

4.3. User Interface Error: Reference source not found

4.4. The Decision Maker Error: Reference source not found

5. External Information Systems Error: Reference source not found

5.1. Internet Error: Reference source not found

5.2. Satellite Data Transmission Systems Error: Reference source not found

5.3. Outside Advisors Error: Reference source not found

6. The Future Error: Reference source not found

6.1. Structured Decisions Error: Reference source not found

6.2. Structured and Unstructured Decisions Error: Reference source not found

6.3. Summary Error: Reference source not found

7. Farm Management Information System (FMIS) Error: Reference source not found

7.1. Knowledge Management in Agriculture Error: Reference source not found

7.2. Adoption of Knowledge Management Error: Reference source not found

8. Farm Management Information System Error: Reference source not found

8.1. FutureFarm project basic idea Error: Reference source not found

8.2. A Farm Management Information System specification: The farm seen as a system Error: Reference source not found

8.3. The Farm Management Information System Error: Reference source not found

8.4. Conceptual Model of a Farm Management Information System (FMIS) Error: Reference source not found

8.4.1. Assisting services within or outside the farm Error: Reference source not found

8.4.2. On‐line data acquisition and the FMIS Error: Reference source not found

8.4.3. The new model of a Farm Management Information System Error: Reference source not found

8.4.4. The proposed Service Oriented Architecture for the future FMIS Error: Reference source not found

8.4.5. Energy on Farm Error: Reference source not found

9. Questions Error: Reference source not found

9. Geographical Information Systems Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction to GIS Error: Reference source not found

1.1. Spatial data and geoinformation Error: Reference source not found

1.2. Applications of GIS Error: Reference source not found

1.3. The real world and representations of IT Error: Reference source not found

1.4. Modelling Error: Reference source not found

1.5. Maps Error: Reference source not found

1.6. Databases Error: Reference source not found

1.7. Spatial databases Error: Reference source not found

1.8. GIS and databases Error: Reference source not found

2. Geographic information and Spatial data types Error: Reference source not found

2.1. Geographic phenomena Error: Reference source not found

2.2. Geographic phenomenon defined Error: Reference source not found

2.3. Different types of geographic phenomena Error: Reference source not found

2.4. Geographic fields Error: Reference source not found

3. Kinds of data values Error: Reference source not found

3.1. Geographic objects Error: Reference source not found

3.2. Boundaries Error: Reference source not found

3.3. Computer representations of geographic information Error: Reference source not found

3.4. Regular tessellations Error: Reference source not found

3.5. Irregular tessellations Error: Reference source not found

3.6. Vector representations Error: Reference source not found

4. General spatial topology Error: Reference source not found

4.1. The topology of two dimensions Error: Reference source not found

4.2. Scale and resolution Error: Reference source not found

4.3. Representations of geographic fields Error: Reference source not found

4.4. Vector representation of a field Error: Reference source not found

5. Representation of geographic objects Error: Reference source not found

5.1. Tessellations to represent geographic objects Error: Reference source not found

5.2. Vector representations for geographic objects Error: Reference source not found

6. Organizing one’s spatial data Error: Reference source not found

6.1. Spatiotemporal data Error: Reference source not found

7. Geographic information systems Error: Reference source not found

7.1. The context of GIS usage Error: Reference source not found

7.2. GIS software Error: Reference source not found

7.3. Software architecture and functionality of a GIS Error: Reference source not found

7.4. Querying, maintenance and spatial analysis Error: Reference source not found

7.5. Maintenance and analysis of spatial data Error: Reference source not found

7.6. Integrated analysis of spatial and attribute data Error: Reference source not found

8. entry and preparation Error: Reference source not found

8.1. Spatial data input Error: Reference source not found

8.2. Direct spatial data acquisition Error: Reference source not found

8.3. Digitizing paper maps Error: Reference source not found

8.4. The scanning process Error: Reference source not found

8.5. The vectorization process Error: Reference source not found

8.6. Obtaining spatial data elsewhere Error: Reference source not found

9. Spatial referencing Error: Reference source not found

10. Questions Error: Reference source not found

10. ICT in Quality Management Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

1.1. Food quality and safety Error: Reference source not found

1.2. Actors in the food supply chain Error: Reference source not found

1.3. World Trade Organization (WTO) Error: Reference source not found

1.4. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Error: Reference source not found

1.5. European Union (EU) Error: Reference source not found

2. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): Principles and Applications Error: Reference source not found

2.1. Auto-Identification and RFID Error: Reference source not found

2.2. Applications Error: Reference source not found

2.3. Principles Error: Reference source not found

2.4. Tags Error: Reference source not found

2.5. Error: Reference source not found

2.6. Databases Error: Reference source not found

2.7. Power Sources Error: Reference source not found

2.8. Operating Frequencies Error: Reference source not found

2.9. Functionality Error: Reference source not found

2.9.1. Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) Error: Reference source not found

2.9.2. Read-only EPC Error: Reference source not found

2.10. EPC Error: Reference source not found

2.11. Sensor Tags Error: Reference source not found

2.12. Motes Error: Reference source not found

2.13. Standards Error: Reference source not found

2.14. Challenges Error: Reference source not found

2.14.1. Technical Error: Reference source not found

2.14.2. Economic Error: Reference source not found

2.14.3. Security and Privacy Error: Reference source not found

2.15. Future Technologies Error: Reference source not found

3. Logistical Tracking & Tracing Error: Reference source not found

4. Production, Monitoring & Maintenance Error: Reference source not found

5. Product Safety, Quality and Information Error: Reference source not found

6. Payment Error: Reference source not found

7. Management and organization in agri-food chains and networks Error: Reference source not found

7.1. Governance Error: Reference source not found

7.2. Collaboration Error: Reference source not found

8. Questions Error: Reference source not found

11. Decision Support Systems Error: Reference source not found

1. ntroduction Error: Reference source not found

2. Historical Overview of Decision Support Systems (DSS) Error: Reference source not found

3. Future trends Error: Reference source not found

4. Decision Support Systems in Agriculture: Some Exapmles Error: Reference source not found

4.1. Crop Production Error: Reference source not found

4.1.1. Structure of a DSS Error: Reference source not found

4.1.2. Actors and infrastructures of the DSS Error: Reference source not found

4.1.3. Monitoring the crop environment Error: Reference source not found

4.1.4. Management of data fluxes Error: Reference source not found

4.1.5. Data analysis Error: Reference source not found

4.1.6. Decision supports Error: Reference source not found

4.1.7. Technological infrastructure Error: Reference source not found

4.2. Decision Support on Experiential knowledge Error: Reference source not found

4.3. Propa (Papaya expert system) Error: Reference source not found

4.4. PDSS (phosphorus decision support system) Error: Reference source not found

4.5. NuMaSS (nutrient management support system) Error: Reference source not found

4.6. Visual ACN Error: Reference source not found

5. Questions Error: Reference source not found

12. Expert Systems and Applications Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

2. Expert Systems and Human Reasoning Error: Reference source not found

2.1. Experts Know More Than Non-Experts Error: Reference source not found

2.2. People use Past Experience Error: Reference source not found

2.3. People use Heuristics Error: Reference source not found

2.4. People use Rules Error: Reference source not found

2.5. Problem Solving Requires Focused Knowledge Error: Reference source not found

3. Structural Nature of Expert Systems Error: Reference source not found

3.1. Data Error: Reference source not found

3.2. User Interface Error: Reference source not found

3.3. User Error: Reference source not found

3.4. Knowledge Base/Rule Base Error: Reference source not found

3.5. Inference Engines Error: Reference source not found

3.6. Expert System Software Error: Reference source not found

4. What is an Expert System? Error: Reference source not found

4.1. Rule-based Knowledge Representation Error: Reference source not found

4.2. Activity/Task of the system Error: Reference source not found

4.3. Definitions Error: Reference source not found

5. Characteristics of Expert System Applications Error: Reference source not found

5.1. Structured vs. Unstructured Tasks Error: Reference source not found

5.2. Support vs. Replace Error: Reference source not found

5.3. Available Time Error: Reference source not found

6. Applications Error: Reference source not found

7. Knowledge Acquisition Error: Reference source not found

8. Knowledge Representation Error: Reference source not found

8.1. “If…then…” Rules Error: Reference source not found

9. Explanation Error: Reference source not found

9.1. Importance of Explanation Facilities Error: Reference source not found

9.2. Trace Through the Rules Error: Reference source not found

9.3. Model-based Reasoning Error: Reference source not found

9.4. Dialog-Based Systems Error: Reference source not found

9.5. Verification and Validation Error: Reference source not found

10. Expert System Strengths and Limitations Error: Reference source not found

10.1. >Strengths Error: Reference source not found

10.2. Limitations Error: Reference source not found

11. Extensions to Expert Systems and Emerging Research Issues Error: Reference source not found

11.1. Knowledge from Data Error: Reference source not found

11.2. Alternative Forms of Knowledge Representation Error: Reference source not found

11.3. Alternative Problem Solving Approaches Error: Reference source not found

11.4. Expertise Error: Reference source not found

11.5. Uncertainty Representation Error: Reference source not found

11.6. The Internet and Connecting Systems Error: Reference source not found

11.7. Ontologies Error: Reference source not found

11.8. Embedded Intelligence vs. Stand Alone Systems Error: Reference source not found

11.9. Business Rules Error: Reference source not found

12. Conclusion Error: Reference source not found

13. Questions Error: Reference source not found

13. eGovernment Services in Agriculture Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

2. Definition Error: Reference source not found

3. Main characteristics of electronic government Error: Reference source not found

4. The levels of maturity of eGovernment Error: Reference source not found

5. Multi-channel access Error: Reference source not found

6. Customer-centred thinking Error: Reference source not found

7. The advantages of eGovernment Error: Reference source not found

7.1. The supply and quality of information improves. Error: Reference source not found

7.2. Procedure time decreases. Error: Reference source not found

7.3. Administrative burdens decrease. Error: Reference source not found

7.4. Costs can be reduced. Error: Reference source not found

7.5. Higher level services Error: Reference source not found

7.6. E-democracy opens up new opportunities for the public. Error: Reference source not found

7.7. Networks organised from the grass roots up are created through the self-organisation of citizens. Error: Reference source not found

8. Measuring the effects of eGovernment Error: Reference source not found

9. Key terms Error: Reference source not found

10. Questions Error: Reference source not found

14. Mobile and Wireless Technologies and Applications Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

2. Mobile applications Error: Reference source not found

2.1. Mobile phones Error: Reference source not found

2.2. Handheld devices Error: Reference source not found

2.3. Wireless computing Error: Reference source not found

2.4. M-commerce Error: Reference source not found

2.5. 3G networks. Error: Reference source not found

3. Trends and forecasts Error: Reference source not found

4. Questions Error: Reference source not found

15. ICT Systems in Farm Production Management Error: Reference source not found

1. Introduction Error: Reference source not found

1.1. Information Technologies for Crop Production Error: Reference source not found

1.2. Factors Influencing Adoption Error: Reference source not found

2. Precision farming Error: Reference source not found

2.1. Perfecting the Farm through Precision Agriculture Error: Reference source not found

2.2. Precision dairying Error: Reference source not found

2.3. Precision Livestock Farming Error: Reference source not found

2.4. Integration of traceability with PLF Error: Reference source not found

2.5. Commercial issues Error: Reference source not found

3. Enhancing Productivity on the Farm Error: Reference source not found

3.1. Remote Sensing Technologies: Raw Data Collection Error: Reference source not found

3.2. Assessing Soil Properties for Climateresilient Agriculture Error: Reference source not found

3.3. Preventing Yield Losses through Proper Planning and Early Warning Systems Error: Reference source not found

3.4. Weather Forecasting Error: Reference source not found

3.5. Irrigation Management Error: Reference source not found

3.6. Broadening Smallholders’ Access to Financial Services Through ICT Error: Reference source not found

3.6.1. Services Error: Reference source not found

3.7. The Use of ICT-Enabled Financial Services in the Rural Sector Error: Reference source not found

4. Policy Strategies and Regulatory Error: Reference source not found

5. Futurefarm Error: Reference source not found

5.1. GIS and mapping technologies Error: Reference source not found

5.2. Telecommunication Error: Reference source not found

5.3. Sensors and mechanics Error: Reference source not found

5.4. Fertilizing, spraying, plant bedding Error: Reference source not found

5.5. Fleet management Error: Reference source not found

5.6. Robotics Error: Reference source not found

5.7. Traceability Error: Reference source not found

5.8. Environmental achievements Error: Reference source not found

5.9. Genetics Error: Reference source not found

5.10. Pressure in ecology Error: Reference source not found

5.11. Organizational structures Error: Reference source not found

5.12. Benefits of Technology Application Error: Reference source not found

6. Questions Error: Reference source not found

16. Bibliography Error: Reference source not found