Allophones of the English phonemes 1 Allophones of /p

2. 
   Allophones of the English phonemes
   

(b) it is preceded by /s/ as spot, spool, spy, sporadic; and it occurs medially in a syllable as in apt, lapse, helped.

(c) it occurs between vowels as in upper,

2. Unaspirated [t]. / t/ is unaspirated when

(b) it is preceded by /s/ as stain, stray, stupendous; and

(c) it occurs medially in a syllable as in hats, bits.
3. Inaudibly released (or unexploded) [t̚]. / t/ is released inaudibly without an explosion, when

(a) it occurs finally, i.e. before silence, as in hot, wet, late; and

(b) it is followed by another plosive or affricate as in hotbed, white dog, fat child, that jug.
4. Nasally released [tⁿ]. / t/ is released through the nose when it is followed by /n/ as in button, mutton, cotton.

5. Laterally released [t^׀]. / t/ is released laterally when it is followed by / l / as in settle, metal, cattle.

6. Dental [ t̻ ] /t/ becomes dental plosive if it is followed by the dental fricatives /ð/ and /Ɵ/ as in eighth, sit three.

7. Post-alveolar [t^ʃ]. / t / is realized as a post-alveolar plosive if it is followed by / r / as in trick, true, betray.
5.3.4. Allophones of / d /

1. Partially devoiced [d]. / d / is partially devoiced when it occurs initially in a word as in dig, do, dry dew. The vocal vibration in such words may start only during the release stage of the articulation of / d /.

2. Voiceless [d°]. / d / is voiceless when it occurs finally in a word as in bid, said, shoved, roused.

3. Fully voiced /d/. The fully voiced /d/, that is voiced through all the three stages of its articulation, occurs only intervocalically, or between voiced sounds, as in ado, render, model, roadway.

4. Inaudibly released (or unexploded) [d ̚ ]. / d / is released without an explosion when it occurs finally, i.e. before silence as in head, road, pleased; and it is followed by another plosive or affricate as in headgear, bad times, good day, good judge.

5. Nasally released [dⁿ ]. / d / is released through the nose when it is followed by /n/ as in sadden, bad name, good night.

6. Laterally released [dˡ ]. / d / is released laterally when it is followed by / l / as in saddle, middle, bad light.

7. Dental [d̻]. [d] becomes dental plosive if it is followed by the dental fricatives /ð/ and /Ɵ/ as in sad thought, add this.

8. Post-alveolar /d^ʃ/. /d/ is realized as a post-alveolar plosive if it is followed by /r/ as in dry,

EXAMPLES:

EXAMPLES:

2. Unaspirated / k /. / k / is unaspirated when it occurs in unaccented syllable as in contain, basking, bouquet, marker;