Ap human Geography Chapter 11, Industry Introduction

2. Why is the changing geography of manufacturing ultimately a consequence of consumer demand? Give an example.

4. How many maquiladoras are there in Mexico, and how many people do they employ?

5. How does manufacturing create value?

6. What three aspects help determine the geography of industrial location?

7. Why are connections important for determining the geography of industries? What are the two main concerns with regard to connections?

8. Describe the changing geography of industrial location from a generation ago to today.

9. Why are manufacturing jobs considered so critical for economic health of a country or region? What countries/regions have lost considerable manufacturing jobs in the last decade?

12. Why is the term Industrial Revolution misleading?

13. What was at the root of the Industrial Revolution, and beyond industrial changes, what were some other results?

Figure 11-2/11-3

14. Synthesize the two maps. What conclusions can you draw?

15. What two transportation innovations help diffuse the Industrial Revolution?

16. What industries did the UK dominate in the 19th century? How did this early industrial expansion become a liability by the late 20th century? What steps did the UK take to become industrially competitive again?

17. Why is the Rhine-Ruhr Valley Europe’s most important industrial area?

18. Even though the Mid-Rhine lacks important natural resources, why is it the second most important industrial region in Europe?

19. What two key assets does the Po Basin have with respect to industrial production?

How does this impact Italy’s distribution of wealth?

Eastern Europe

Complete the chart by identifying each regions industrial strength/asset

22. How did transportation impact the geography of industry during the 1800s?

23. Fill in the chart with appropriate information.

Region	Major Cities	Characteristics
New England
Middle Atlantic
Mohawk Valley
Pittsburgh- Lake Erie
Western Great Lakes
Canada’s Industrial Area

East Asia’s Industrial Areas
24. What are East Asia’s advantages and disadvantages with respect to industrial output?

25. Describe the geographic locations of industrial clusters in East Asia.

26. Describe in detail how Japan became a world leader in industrial production after WWII. How did they reinvent themselves given the recent competition from South Korea and Taiwan?


Key Issue II.

Why Do Industries Have Different Distributions?
27. What are the two basic situational factors important for industrial location?


Proximity to Inputs
28. What is a bulk-reducing industry, and where do they prefer to locate?
Copper: A Bulk-Reducing Industry
29. Describe why copper is the classic bulk-reducing industry.
Steel: Changing Importance of Inputs
30. What are the two principle inputs for making steel, and how has this influenced the location of steel mills in the United States?

31. Fill in the chart for the changing location of steel production.

33. What is the connection between fabricated metals operations and location of auto assembly plants?

34. What is “auto alley”, and why are the majority of auto factories located between Michigan and Alabama?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

Selecting a Site for Saturn
35. Fill in the appropriate information for each column. In other words, list and explain the situational and site factors Honda considered when deciding on a new location for an assembly plant.

Situational Factors	Site Factors

Beverage Production Figure 11-11
36. Why are beverages a bulk-gaining industry, and how does this help explain the distribution of major breweries in Figure 11-11?


Single-Market Manufacturers

37. What is “just-in-time” delivery, and how does this influence location of auto parts manufacturing?

38. Describe a few perishable products that locate near consumers. What can a producer of a perishable product do if they want to expand their market?

40. How and why do air-freight companies mix modes of transportation? (explain Break of Bulk concept)

41. What are the three Site Factors?

42. Describe the cost of labor from a global perspective.

43.What is the difference between a labor-intensive industry vs. a high wage industry?

44. Fill in the appropriate information regarding the textile industry.

45.What considerations must be made when choosing land area for different industries?

50.Why is the availability of capital so important for industrial expansion and growth? Give examples.

52.What are the interregional location shifts?

53. What site factors contributed to the change in location?

54. Where are you most likely to find manufacturing plants in the U.S?

Interregional Shifts in Manufacturing

55. What factors contributed to helping the South industrialize?

Where in the South do factories tend to locate?

57.Describe how the geography of industrial workers has changed since 1970.

58. Fill in some important details for each region regarding industrial development.

Asia
Latin America
“Central Europe”

Key Issue IV: Why Are Location Factors Changing?

59. Explain industrial location changes in the United States as it pertains to “Low Cost Labor”.

60. What is the new international division of labor and how does this influence outsourcing?

61. What is the difference between vertical integration and outsourcing?

62. What is the Fordist approach?

63.What is the definition of post-Fordist lean production?

64. Describe how Toyota’s lean production works?