Australia Third National Report 1


Marine and Coastal Living Resources



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Marine and Coastal Living Resources


  1. Has your country identified components of your marine and coastal ecosystems, which are critical for their functioning, as well as key threats to those ecosystems?

  1. No




  1. Plans for a comprehensive assessment of marine and coastal ecosystems are in place (please provide details below)




  1. A comprehensive assessment is currently in progress

X

  1. Critical ecosystem components have been identified, and management plans for them are being developed (please provide details below)




  1. Management plans for important components of marine and coastal ecosystems are in place (please provide details below)




  1. Not applicable




Further comments on the current status of assessment, monitoring and research relating to marine and coastal ecosystems, as well as key threats to them

See Questions 20 to 23 (Article 7), above.

Also, the Australian Government, through the regional marine planning process coordinated through its National Oceans Office, is supporting the development of pilot ‘Sea Country’ Plans in which Indigenous custodians of sea country articulate their management priorities and actions, including the cultural heritage and values of marine and coastal ecosystems in that country.



The Great Barrier Reef Climate Change Response Program (GBRMPA-AGO collaboration) will include a systematic analysis of the implications of climate change for vulnerability of key species and habitats.





  1. Is your country undertaking the following activities to implement the Convention’s work plan on coral reefs? Please use an “X” to indicate your response.

A c t i v i t i e s


Not implemented nor a priority

Not implemented but a priority

Currently implemented

Not applicable

  1. Ecological assessment and monitoring of reefs







X




  1. Socio-economic assessment and monitoring of communities and stakeholders







X




  1. Management, particularly through application of integrated coastal management and marine and coastal protected areas in coral reef environments













  1. Identification and implementation of additional and alternative measures for securing livelihoods of people who directly depend on coral reef services







X




  1. Stakeholder partnerships, community participation programmes and public education campaigns







X




  1. Provision of training and career opportunities for marine taxonomists and ecologists













  1. Development of early warning systems of coral bleaching







X




  1. Development of a rapid response capability to document coral bleaching and mortality







X




  1. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded coral reef habitats













  1. Others (please specify below)













Please elaborate on ongoing activities.

The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority has in place a “Coral Bleaching Response Program”. This program, implemented each summer, includes a comprehensive early warning system of coral bleaching and a rapid response capability to document coral bleaching and mortality. The program involves partnerships with stakeholders and other community members. GBRMPA’s Climate Change Response Program aims to do socioeconomic assessment and monitoring of communities and stakeholders to raise awareness about the implications of climate change on the GBR, and to support identification and implementation of adaptation strategies.

a) Information about socio-economic assessment available at: http://www.reeffutures.org/topics/waterquality.cfm

b) Information about socio-economic assessment available at: http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/management/zoning/planners_info.html

e) Information about public education campaigns available at:



http://www.reefed.edu.au/

g) Information about coral bleaching available at:



http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/science/bleaching/conditions_report.html



Marine and Coastal Protected Areas


  1. Which of the following statements can best describe the current status of marine and coastal protected areas in your country? Please use an “X” to indicate your response.




  1. Marine and coastal protected areas have been declared and gazetted (please indicate below how many)

X

  1. Management plans for these marine and coastal protected areas have been developed with involvement of all stakeholders

X

  1. Effective management with enforcement and monitoring has been put in place

X

  1. A national system or network of marine and coastal protected areas is under development

X

  1. A national system or network of marine and coastal protected areas has been put in place




  1. The national system of marine and coastal protected areas includes areas managed for purpose of sustainable use, which may allow extractive activities

X

  1. The national system of marine and coastal protected areas includes areas which exclude extractive uses

X

  1. The national system of marine and coastal protected areas is surrounded by sustainable management practices over the wider marine and coastal environment.

X

  1. Other (please describe below)




  1. Not applicable




Further comments on the current status of marine and coastal protected areas.

For further information see National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas (NRSMPA)

Mariculture


  1. Is your country applying the following techniques aimed at minimizing adverse impacts of mariculture on marine and coastal biodiversity? Please check all that apply.

  1. Application of environmental impact assessments for mariculture developments

X

  1. Development and application of effective site selection methods in the framework of integrated marine and coastal area management

X

  1. Development of effective methods for effluent and waste control

X

  1. Development of appropriate genetic resource management plans at the hatchery level

X

  1. Development of controlled hatchery and genetically sound reproduction methods in order to avoid seed collection from nature.

X

  1. If seed collection from nature cannot be avoided, development of environmentally sound practices for spat collecting operations, including use of selective fishing gear to avoid by-catch

X

  1. Use of native species and subspecies in mariculture

X

  1. Implementation of effective measures to prevent the inadvertent release of mariculture species and fertile polypoids.

X

  1. Use of proper methods of breeding and proper places of releasing in order to protect genetic diversity

X

  1. Minimizing the use of antibiotics through better husbandry techniques

X

  1. Use of selective methods in commercial fishing to avoid or minimize by-catch

X

  1. Considering traditional knowledge, where applicable, as a source to develop sustainable mariculture techniques

Included in indigenous policy settings, including, for example ‘Sea Country’ plans.

  1. Not applicable




Further comments on techniques that aim at minimizing adverse impacts of mariculture on marine and coastal biodiversity.

b) States have undertaken site selection in the framework of integrated aquaculture. An example of this is the site assessment survey for marine aquaculture facilities on the New South Wales coastline, (see http://www.fisheries.nsw.gov.au/aquaculture/general/site_assessment_survey).

A regulatory paper is under development and will, when complete, articulate a ‘best practice’ framework of regulatory arrangements for the aquaculture industry in Australia. The framework is based on ten elements of aquaculture regulation that should be considered in the approvals process for aquaculture development proposals. The framework is designed to help develop a regulatory environment that encourages growth in the Australian aquaculture industry.


c) The Australian Government Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC) has supported research in this area. See www.frdc.com.au


d) This is industry based and market driven.

e) The Australian Government Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC) has supported research in this area.

f) The Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage carries out strategic assessments under the EPBC Act (See: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.)

h) Many aquaculture industry associations have developed codes of practice for their particular operations that cover the release of mariculture species into the wild.
j) See Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority.

k) See question 153.

l) The Kooyang Sea Country Plan developed by the Winda Mara and Framlingham communities of southwestern Victoria in 2004, describes the traditional eel aquaculture systems of the Maar people as a basis for contemporary sustainable mariculture techniques.

For information on how mariculture is handled in the Great Barrier Reef, refer to:



http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/permits/applications/aquaculture/index.html



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