Booker T. Washington President of Tuskegee Institute in al

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  Believed in Economic Independence was the road to social and political equality
  
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  “The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an opera house.” : Saying that economic equality will come before social equality
  
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  Atlanta Compromise Speech
  

* DuBoise wanted social and political integration

* Wanted higher education for 10 percent ---Talented Tenth – of the African American population

* Knowledge & truth alone were not enough

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  Born a slave
  
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  After the Civil War, he worked for his former master for a short time at a salary of $25/yr.
  
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  Learned to be a barber and moved to Jonesboro
  
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  Owned a half interest in a barber shop in Atlanta
  
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  By early 1900’s, he opened three new shops for white customers
  
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  Eventually, owned a block of office buildings on Auburn Ave. and 100 rental homes
  
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  1905: bought a small insurance co. for $140
  
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  Because he knew little about insurance, he hired African American college graduates to run Atlanta Mutual Insurance Co.
  
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  Died in 1927 – his son Norris took over the insurance co.
  
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  Now: Atlanta Life Insurance Co. – one of the largest African American-owned businesses in the US.
  
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  :Some of us sit and wait for opportunity when it is always with us.”
  

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  Born in Augusta
  
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  Had a white father and a black mother
  
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  As a child, he was treated as the son of a plantation owner; however, his dad died when he was 8
  
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  He continued to be proud of his African American heritage
  
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  Attended Augusta public schools & went to Worchester Academy in Massachusetts
  
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  Graduated from Brown University
  
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  Taught at Roger Williams University in Nashville, TN
  
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  Later taught at: Atlanta Baptist College (renamed Morehouse) & became the school’s first black president in 1906
  
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  1929: President of Atlanta University
  
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  He worked for social equality--- he said African Americans must “demand social equality!”
  
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  John Hope was an active civic leader who worked to restore calm to ATL
  
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  Lugenia Burns Hope:
  
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  Organized the Neighborhood Union
  
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  Neighborhood Union: offered vocational classes for children, a health center, and clubs for boys and girls
  
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  Provided financial aid for needy families and pressured city leaders to improve roads, lighting, and sanitation in the African American neighborhoods of Atlanta