Chapter 1: Introduction 4 Summary of the Copyright Act 5 International Treaties 6 Underlying Theory 7 The Scope of Government 8 chapter 2: Basic Elements of Copyright Law 9 Qualifying for Copyright 9



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LAW 347 | intellectual property

reading notes | 2013-2014

John Bullock

Table of Contents


CHAPTER 1: Introduction 4

Introduction 4

Summary of the Copyright Act 5

International Treaties 6

Underlying Theory 7

The Scope of Government 8

CHAPTER 2: Basic Elements of Copyright Law 9

Qualifying for Copyright 9

Milliken & Co. v. Interface Flooring Systems  10

Mascot International v. Harman Investments Ltd. 10

Publication 11

Oscar Trade Mark 11

Infabrics Ltd. v. Jaytex Ltd. 12

Robert D. Sutherland Architects Ltd. v. Montykola Investments Inc. 12

Corporeal and Incorporeal 13

re Dickens; Dickens v. Hawksley 13

Fixation 14

Canadian Admiral Corporation Ltd. v. Rediffusion, Inc. 14

Gould Estate v. Stoddart Publishing Co. Ltd. 14

"A Charter of Rights for Creators" 16

Originality/Expression/Idea 16

University of London Press, Ltd. v. University Tutorial Press, Ltd. 16

Fletcher v. Polka Dot Fabrics Ltd. 17

Boutin v. Bilodeau 18

Baker v. Selden 19

Cobbett v. Woodward 19

Page v. Wisden 20

CHAPTER 3: Literary Works 21

General Meaning 21

University of London Press Ltd. v. University Tutorial Press, Ltd. 21

Hollinrake v. Truswell 21

The Bulman Group Ltd. v. Alpha One-Write Systems BC Ltd. 22

Exxon Corporation v. Exxon Insurance Consultants International Ltd. 22

British Columbia v. Mihaljevic 23

Via Rail Canada Inc. v. Location Via-Route Inc. 25

Titles 26

McIndoo v. Musson Book Co. 26

Flamand v. Société Radio-Canada 26

Francis, Day & Hunter Ltd. v. Twentieth Century Fox Corp. Ltd. 27

Canadian Olympic Association v. Konica Canada Inc. 27

Translations 28

Byrne v. Statist Company 28

Unauthorised Translation 29

Originality of Translations 30

Pasickniak v. Dojacek 30

Bishop v. Tele-Metropole Inc. 30

Apple Computer Inc. v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd. 30

Prism Hospital Software Inc. v. Hospital Medical Records Institute 31

Computer Programs 32

"Literal Copying” 32

Apple Computer, Inc. v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd. 1990 SCC 32

"Non-literal Copying” 32

Three Broad Approaches: 33

Look and Feel Approach 33



Broderbund Software Inc. v. Unison World, Inc. 33

Arnstein Test 33

Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison Approach 34

Method or System of Operation 35

Computer Assoc. Int’l, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. 35

Approach 36



Delrina Corp. (Carolian Systems) v. Triolet Systems Inc. 39

Prism Hospital Software Inc. v. Hospital Medical Records Institute 40

CHAPTER 4: Dramatic Works 42

Statutory Definitions 42

Combination of Incidents/Originality/Fixation 42

Hutton v. CBC 42

Kantel v. Frank E. Grant, Nisbet & Auld Ltd. 44

Green v. Broadcasting Corporation of New Zealand 44

Sports Events 45

FWS Joint Sports Claimants v. Copyright Board 45

National Basketball Association v. Motorola, Inc. 45

Canadian Admiral Corporation, Ltd. v. Rediffusion, Inc. 46

Cinematographic Works 46

CHAPTER 5: Musical Works 49

Amendments to Statutory Definitions  49

Limitation Prior to August 31, 1993 49

Composers, Authors and Publishers Assoc. of Canada Ltd. v. CTV Television Network Limited 49

Songs 51

ATV Music Publishing of Canada, Ltd. v. Rogers Radio Broadcasting Ltd. 51

Arrangements 52

Wood v. Boosey 52

Redwood Music Ltd. v. Chappell & Co. Ltd. 53

Establishing Copyright/Proving Infringement 53

Grignon v. Roussel 53

Drynan v. Rostad 55

CHAPTER 6: Artistic Works 58

Selected Definitions 58

Meaning of Artistic 58

George Hensher Limited v. Restawile Upholstery (Lancs) Limited 58

Kenrick & Co. v. Lawrence & Co. 60

Artistic-ness? 60

Artistic Works in General 60

Cuisenaire v. South West Imports Ltd. 60

DRG Inc. v. Datafile 61

Lifestyle Homes Ltd. v. Randall Homes Ltd. 62

Artistic Craftsmanship 62

George Henser Limited v. Restawile Upholstery (Lancs) Limited 63

Architectural Works 63

Hay and Hay Construction v. Sloan 63

Other Specified or Numerated Categories 64

Netupsky v. Dominion Bridge Co. Ltd. 65

Preston v. 20th Century Fox Canada Limited 66

LB (Plastics) Limited v. Swish Products Limited 66

Bayliner Marine Corporation v. Doral Boats Ltd. 67

British Leyland  67

Spiro-Flex Industries Ltd. v. Progressive Sealing Inc. 68

Bayliner Marine Corporation v. Doral Boats. Ltd 68

s 64 of the Copyright Amendment Act 69



Magasins Greenberg Ltee v. Import-Export Rene Derhy  69

CHAPTER 7: Compilations and Databases 70

CHAPTER 8: Economic Rights, Infringement and Defences 71

Introduction: The Scope of Economic Rights 71

Works Under s. 5: Literary, Dramatic, Musical, and Artistic 71

Subject Matter Protected by Neighbouring Rights (Other Subject-Matter) 71

Performer’s Performances 71

Sound Recording Makers 72

Broadcaster’s Communication Signals 73

Rental Rights 73

Notes 73

Reproduction 73

Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corporation 74

Preston v. 20th Century Fox Limited 74

Hanfstaengl v. Empire Palace 75

Roger v. Koons 75

Substantiality 76

Quantitatively Substantial 76

Hawkes & Son (London) Ltd. v. Paramount Film Service, Ltd. 76

Qualitatively Substantial 77

Breen v. Hancock House Publishers Ltd. 77

Hutton v. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 78

Prism Hospital Software v. Hospital Medical Records Institute 78

Performance in Public 78

Performance 79

Canadian Cable Television Association v. Copyright Board (Canada) 79

In Public” 79



Jennings v. Stephens 79

Francis, Day & Hunter Ltd. v. Twentieth Century Fox Corp. Ltd. 80

Canadian Admiral Corporation, Ltd. v. Rediffusion, Inc. 80

Canadian Cable Television Association v. Copyright Board (Canada) 81

Authorisation 81

University of New South Wales v. Moorhouse 81

CBS Songs Ltd. v. Amstrad Consumer Electronics Plc. 82

Muzak Corporation v. Composers, Authors & Publishers Association of Canada Ltd.  82

de Tervagne v. Beloeil 83

Specific or Enumerated Rights 84

Communication to the Public by Telecommunication 84

Presentation at a Public Exhibition 85

From Gutenberg to Telidon: A White Paper on Copyright, Proposals for the Revision of the Canadian Copyright Act 85

A Charter of Rights for Creators: Report of the Sub-Committee on the Revision of Copyright  85

Infringement 86

Parallel Importation of Books 86

Infringement Generally 87

Primary Infringement 87

Secondary Infringement 87

Exceptions, Defences, and Fair Dealing 88

Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios, Inc. 88

Making One Entire Copy 88

Copying Unpublished Works 89

Allen v. Toronto Star Newspaper Ltd. 89

Television New Zealand v. Newsmonitor Services 90

MCA Canada Ltd. v. Gillberry & Hawke Advertising Agency Ltd. 90

CHAPTER 9: Moral Rights 91

Snow v. The Eaton Centre Ltd. 91

Prise de parole Inc. v. Guérin, éditeur Ltée. 92

John Maryon International Ltd. v. New Brunswick Telephone Co. Ltd. (plaintiff) 93

CHAPTER 11: A Note on Unfair Competition 96

Mogul Steamship Co. v. McGregor, Gow & Co. 96

Moorgate Tobacco Co. Ltd. v. Philip Morris Ltd. 96

International News Service v. Associated Press 96

CHAPTER 12: Passing Off 97

Introduction 97

The Common Law Tort 97

Perry v. Truefitt 97

Walker v. Alley 97

A.G. Spalding & Bros. v. A.W. Gamage Ltd. 97

Reckett & Colman Products Ltd. v. Borden Inc. 98

Cadbury Schweppes Pty. Ltd. v. Pub Squash Co. Pty. Ltd. 98

The Statutory Tort 99

Asbjorn Horgard A/S v. Gibbs/Nortac Industries Ltd. 99

Elements of Passing Off: Reputation 99

Protectable Goodwill 99

Shared Goodwill 99

Erven Warnink 99

Institut National des Appellations d’Origine des Vins et Eaux-de-Vie et al. v. Andres Wines Ltd. et al. 100

Dairy Bureau of Canada v. Annable Foods Ltd. 100

Foreign Goodwill 101

Common Law 101



Orkin Exterminating Co. Inc. v. Pestco Co. of Canada Ltd. et al. 101

Statute 101



Enterprise Rent-A-Car Co. v. Singer 101

Non-Commercial Goodwill 102

Polsinelli v. Marzilli 102

Indicia 102

General Proof of Distinctiveness 102

Oxford Pendaflex Canada Ltd. v. Korr Marketing Ltd. 102

Ray Plastics Ltd. et al. v. Dustbane Products Ltd. 103

Robinson v. Bogle - the Belleville College Case 103

Secondary Meaning 103

Descriptiveness 103



Reddaway (Frank) & Co., Ltd. v. George Banham & Co., Ltd. - (the Camel Hair case) 103

Genericness 104



Grand Hotel Company of Caledonia Springs, Ltd. v. Wilson 104

Get-Up – Packaging, Premises 104



Reckitt & Colman Products Ltd. v. Borden Inc. 104

Get-Up - Wares 104



Eli Lilly and Co. v. Novopharm Ltd. 104

Range of Indicia 105

Verbal 105

Visual 106

Fictional Character 106

Loss of Reputation 106

Abandonment 106

Ad-Lib Club Limited v. Granville 106

Becoming Generic 107

Institut National des Appellations d’Origine des Vins et Eaux-de-Vie et al. v. Andres Wines Ltd. et al. 107

Elements of Passing Off: Misrepresentation 107

Proof of Misrepresentation 107

Factors 107

Institut National des Appellations d’Origine des Vins et Eaux-de-Vie et al. v. Andres Wines Ltd. et al. 107

Common Field of Activity 108

McCulloch v. Lewis A. May (Produce Distributors) Ltd. 108

Krouse v. Chrysler Canada Ltd. 108

Young v. Scot Young Ltd. 108

The Test Person 109

Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltd. v. Apotex Inc. & Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltd. v. Novopharm Ltd. 109

Mr. Submarine Ltd. v. Emma Foods Ltd. 110

Types of Misrepresentation 110

Source or Quality 110

Consumers Distributing Co. v. Seiko Time Canada Ltd. 110

Disney Case 110

Elements of Passing Off: Damage 111

Generally 111

Heads of Damage 112

Direct Loss of Trade 112

Damage to Repute 112

Harmful Association 112

Annabel’s (Berkely Square) Ltd. v. Schock 112

Loss of Licensing or Franchising Opportunity 112

House of Faces Inc. v. Leblanc 112

Inability to Expand 112

Dilution 113

Harrods Ltd. v. Harrodian School Ltd. 113

Defences 113

Unclean Hands 113

Brewster Transport Company, Ltd. v. Rocky Mountain Tours and Transport Company, Ltd. 113

Use of One’s Own Name 114

The Hurlburt Company v. The Hurlburt Shoe Company 114

Biba Group Ltd. v. Biba Boutique 114

Mario’s Spaghetti House & Pizzeria Ltd. v. Italian Village Ltd. 114

Honestly Using” 114



Hunt’s Ltd. v. Hunt 114

Concurrent or Prior Use 115

J. & A. McMillan Ltd. v. McMillan Press Ltd. 115

Fraser Taxi Ltd. v. Reid 115

Disclaimers 115

Associated Newspapers Group v. Insert Media Ltd. 116

Home Shoppe Ltd. v. National Development Ltd. 116

CHAPTER 13: Registered Trademarks 117

Introduction 117

Development 117

Definition of Trademark 117

Playboy Enterprises Inc. v. Germain 117

Central Concepts 117

Use 118

Confusion 118

Distinctiveness 118

Assignment and Licensing of Trademarks 118

Unfair Competition and Prohibited Marks 119

Protected Geographical Indications 120

The Registration Process 120

Registrability 120

Ordinary Trademarks 120

Barriers to Registration 120

a) Names or Surnames 120



Standard Oil Co. v. Registrar of Trade Marks 121

b) Descriptiveness 121



Drackett Co. of Canada Ltd. v. American Home Products Corp. 121

Home Juice Co. v. Orange Maison Ltée 122

c) Genericness 122



Wool Bureau of Canada Ltd. v. Bruck Mills Ltd. 122

Brûlerie Des Monts Inc. v. 3002462 Canada Inc. 122

d) Confusion with Registered Trademarks 122



United Artists Corp. v. Pink Panther Beauty Corp. 123

Mattel, Inc. v. 3894207 Canada, Inc. 123

Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin v. Boutiques Cliquot Ltée 123

s. 22 - alternative remedy to confusion 124



Exceptions 124

a) Acquired Distinctiveness 124

b) Marks Registered Abroad: s. 14 125

c) Associated Marks: s. 15 125



d) Disclaimer: s. 35 125

Canadian Jewish Review Ltd. v. Registrar of Trade Marks  125

Cooper v. Mark’s Work Wearhouse Ltd. 126

Distinguishing Guise: s. 13 126

Dominion Lock Co. Ltd. and Independent Lock Co. v. Schlage Lock Co. 126

Certification Marks: s. 23 127


PART I: COPYRIGHT LAW


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