Chapter 10 Solar Energy and Climates (pages 362 399 in your text) Chapter 10. 3 – Distributing the Heat
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Science 10 Chapter 10.3_keyed Chapter 10 - Solar Energy and Climates (pages 362 - 399 in your text) Chapter 10.3 – Distributing the Heat (pages 388 – 396 in your text) Every year, Calgary hosts a winter carnival where you can see really “cool” ice sculptures. During Calgary’s winter, ice sculptures are usually able to remain frozen. Meanwhile, only approximately 1000 km away, Vancouver’s winters are mild—too mild to maintain ice sculptures over weeks at a time. Vancouver’s winters are mild, especially compared to the prairie cities, due to thermal energy carried by a warm ocean currents flowing past the west coast. Ocean currents carry much of the thermal energy transferred by the hydrosphere. These transfers of thermal energy have a profound effect on climate around the globe. How Oceans Distribute Heat Water has a low albedo and absorbs more than 90% of the solar energy striking it. Because of water’s high specific heat capacity and large heats of vaporization and fusion, it takes a lot of energy to change its temperature or phase. The energy absorbed by water is distributed throughout great water depths due to waves, turbulence and ocean currents. 
The Gulf Stream is a large surface current that starts in the Caribbean and follows the coastline of the United States and Canada. It ends up off the European coast, where it is called the North Atlantic Drift. This current helps to moderate the climates of Western Europe. El Niño and La Niña El Niño is a disruption of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific that typically occurs every three to seven years. During an El Niño year, the wind direction over the South Pacific reverses and the winds flow eastward. The wind reversal causes an increase in the sea-surface temperature, causing heavy rains in South America and droughts in Asia and Australia. It is not known why the winds reverse directions. El Niño can affect weather patterns across 25% of the globe. La Niña is the opposite of El Niño. La Niña is characterized by an increase in the strength of the normal patterns of westward moving winds. La Niña produces wetter than normal conditions in Australia and Asia. North America becomes warmer and drier than in non- La Niña years. Here is a rule that is not always exactly true, but still is useful to compare the impacts of El Niño and his contrary sister. Where El Niño is warm, La Niña is cool. Where El Niño is wet, La Niña is dry. While El Niño conditions and their seasonal impacts look very different from normal, La Niña conditions often bring winters that are typical — only more so. There's something else to keep in mind: El Niño and La Niña tend to make seasonal conditions one way or another, but every El Niño and La Niña is different.
In the northern hemisphere, ocean currents that flow north tend to be warm currents because they are coming from the warmer regions close to the equator. Ocean currents that flow south tend to be cold currents because they are coming from the cooler, polar regions. Question 2. In which hemisphere do ocean currents flow clockwise? In which hemisphere do they flow counterclockwise? Ocean currents flow clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere. Question 3. Name the regularly occurring disruption of ocean currents in the tropical Pacific that is linked to severe weather and climate events around the globe. This disruption of the ocean currents is called El Niño. Patterns of Wind Movement Living in Alberta, you probably notice that wind most often comes from the west. That is because Alberta is in the temperate zone where west-to-east winds blow. These winds, called prevailing westerlies, contribute to global wind patterns. 
animation of global wind patterns At the equator, warm air rises and loses its moisture. At 30◦, dry air descends; therefore, deserts occur at 30◦ latitude around the world. Because the Earth is rotating on its axis, the trade winds move from the northwest to the west in the Northern hemisphere, and from southeast to the west in the Southern hemisphere. This is called the Coriolis effect. The westerlies move from the west, towards the east. Differences in atmospheric pressure in neighbouring regions on Earth’s surface lead to wind. An area of low pressure occurs as warm air expands, becomes less dense, and rises from the surface. High pressure occurs as cold air contracts, becomes denser, and descends to the surface. This movement of air forms convection currents that circulate and distribute heat around the world. The Earth is constantly rotating and the atmosphere rotates with it at the same speed. Convection currents or any moving object tend to veer sideways from their original course due to Earth’s rotating eastward on its axis. This tendency is called the Coriolis effect. Directory: uploads uploads -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 uploads -> Department of science and humanities department of mathematics part-a questions and answers uploads -> The Case Against the nypd’s Quota-Driven ‘Broken Windows’ Policing What Is It? uploads -> For want of a nail uploads -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models uploads -> Police Militarization uploads -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 uploads -> Township of winfield uploads -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 uploads -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten-Point Program What We Want Now! Download 1.39 Mb. Share with your friends:
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