Chapter 14 New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries multiple choice
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New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries MULTIPLE CHOICE Galileo believed that all aspects of nature could be described in terms of ________. spiritual harmonies the motion of atoms their relation to celestial vibrations mathematical relationships Answer: D Page Ref: 421 Skill: Factual Topic: The Scientific Revolution The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by ________. Newton Galileo Brahe Kepler Answer: D Page Ref: 421 Skill: Factual Topic: The Scientific Revolution During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the discoveries that most captured the public imagination were made in ________. medicine natural history chemistry astronomy Answer: D Page Ref: 418 Skill: Factual Topic: The Scientific Revolution Who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth-centered universe? Tycho Brahe Nicolaus Copernicus Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler Answer: B Page Ref: 419 Skill: Factual Topic: The Scientific Revolution Who addressed the issue of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries? Nicolaus Copernicus Isaac Newton Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Answer: B Page Ref: 422 Skill: Factual Topic: The Scientific Revolution Who is known as the father of empiricism? Isaac Newton Francis Bacon Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Answer: B Page Ref: 423 Skill: Factual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science Although he invented analytic geometry, whose most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deduction? René Descartes Francis Bacon Isaac Newton Johannes Kepler Answer: A Page Ref: 425 Skill: Factual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science Descartes divided existing things into two categories: body and ________. modality God metaphor mind Answer: D Page Ref: 425 Skill: Factual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science Hobbes saw human beings as ________. naturally docile basically good basically just self-centered, power-hungry creatures Answer: D Page Ref: 426 Skill: Factual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science Maria Winkelmann made her contributions in the field of ________. natural history medicine astronomy biology Answer: C Page Ref: 433 Skill: Factual Topic: Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution How many people were sentenced to death for witchcraft or harmful magic between 1400 and 1700? 1.5 to 2 million 2,000 to 3,000 500,000 to 600,000 70,000 to 100,000 Answer: D Page Ref: 440 Skill: Factual Topic: Continuing Superstition What percentage of people accused of witchcraft in the early modern period were women? 80 percent 100 percent 50 percent 10 percent Answer: A Page Ref: 441 Skill: Factual Topic: Continuing Superstition In the sixteenth century, midwifery was a trade often pursued by ________. noble women merchant’s wives elderly or widowed women male barbers Answer: C Page Ref: 443 Skill: Factual Topic: Continuing Superstition
Baroque art first emerged in ________. Paris, France papal Rome Florence, Italy Buckingham Palace, London, England Answer: B Page Ref: 445 Skill: Factual Topic: Baroque Art Galileo named the moons of Jupiter after the Medicis because ________. he wanted to flatter his patrons looking for famous names, he could only think of the Medicis he was in love with a Medici noblewoman it was the custom to name heavenly bodies after living people Answer: A Page Ref: 421 Skill: Factual Topic: The Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernicus’s breakthrough was to show how ________. the earth moved around the sun the sun moved around the earth the sun was dotted with sun spots the earth was accompanied by other planets in our solar system Answer: A Page Ref: 419 Skill: Factual Topic: The Scientific Revolution The experiences of the English Civil War led Thomas Hobbes to summarize his views about strong central government in his book ________. Second Treatise of Government Leviathan Discourse on Method Gulliver’s Travels Answer: B Page Ref: 426 Skill: Factual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science Baroque art became associated with ________. the Renaissance English nobility Roman Catholicism popular Protestantism Answer: C Page Ref: 445 Skill: Factual Topic: Baroque Art Jonathan Swift’s satire of the new sciences was ________. Leviathan Gulliver’s Travels First Treatise of Government Letter Concerning Toleration Answer: B Page Ref: 437 Skill: Factual Topic: The New Science and Religious Faith Brahe’s assistant was ________. Francis Bacon Rene Descartes Johannes Kepler John Locke Answer: C Page Ref: 420 Skill: Factual Topic: The Scientific Revolution The scientist most known for his work on the laws of gravitation was ________. Tycho Brahe Isaac Newton Francis Bacon John Locke Answer: B Page Ref: 422 Skill: Factual Topic: The Scientific Revolution The most famous institution dedicated to the new sciences was the ________. Berlin Academy of Science Royal Society of London University of Paris French Academy of Science Answer: B Page Ref: 430 Skill: Factual Topic: The New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge The woman who brought René Descartes to advise on the new science academy was ________. Queen Christina of Sweden Maria Cunitz Elisabetha Hevelius Maria Winkelmann Answer: A Page Ref: 432 Skill: Factual Topic: Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution The author of Pensées, published posthumously, was _________. Denis Diderot René de Chateaubriand René Descartes Blaise Pascal Answer: D Page Ref: 435 Skill: Factual Topic: The New Science and Religious Faith The clergy _________ the search for witches. condemned ignored endorsed pitied Answer: C Page Ref: 440 Skill: Factual Topic: Continuing Superstition Baroque art aligned with the ideas of the scientific revolution because it ________. paralleled the interest in human anatomy and the natural world departed from classic religious scenes depicted largely mathematical ideas was commissioned by the leaders of the new scientific world Answer: A Page Ref: 444 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Baroque Art In the early sixteenth century, the standard explanation of the place of the earth in the heavens combined the works of ________. Ptolemy and Aristotle Plato and Aristotle Aquinas and Bacon Socrates and Plato Answer: A Page Ref: 419 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Scientific Revolution Which of the following is Tycho Brahe’s major contribution to science? He created a vast body of astronomical data from which his successors could work. He did groundbreaking scientific research in which he suggested that Mercury and Venus revolved around the sun. He proved Copernicus’s research incorrect and published his own geocentric findings. He proved that the moon and other planets revolved around the earth. Answer: A Page Ref: 420 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Scientific Revolution Newton was a strong supporter of ________. empiricism inspiration divine guidance rationalism Answer: A Page Ref: 422 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Scientific Revolution Many proponents of mechanism believed________. machines should do the work of humans human beings were machines, slaves to religion humans are machines whose purpose is to produce knowledge the world can be explained in mechanical metaphors Answer: D Page Ref: 423 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science Francis Bacon believed that________. the study of nature began with the articulation of general principles knowledge of nature should be used to improve the human condition knowledge of nature was primarily useful for what it told us about the divine the best era of human history lay in antiquity Answer: B Page Ref: 423 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science According to Hobbes, human beings escape the terrible state of nature by ________. becoming selfless and obeying others taking part in a tacit contract naturally being sociable embracing Christianity Answer: B Page Ref: 427 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science In Locke’s view, the relationship between rulers and the governed has its foundation in __________. military power divine will trust economic inequality Answer: C Page Ref: 428 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science According to Pascal’s famous wager, ________. it is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain the lot; if God should prove not to exist, comparatively little will have been lost it is best to live life to the fullest, regardless of your religious beliefs, and if God does exist, seek forgiveness near the end of your life it is best to believe that God does not exist so that if he does exist, you will be joyful rather than disappointed only one person in a hundred would be saved Answer: A Page Ref: 435 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The New Science and Religious Faith Based upon your knowledge of the text, which of the following is the most plausible cause of the witch hunts? The droughts causing famine, especially in Ireland, led to the death of many, and because the witches claimed to control the weather, they were to blame. Witches were primarily women, and because women bore children that were causing an economic and scientific panic, they were to blame. The corrupt government needed a distraction from the bad publicity, and because the same women that were suspected of being witches were spreading the news of corruption, politicians saw witch hunts as an answer to both of their problems. Religious divisions and warfare threatened the security of society, and the witches were the scapegoats of a social panic. Answer: D Page Ref: 440 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Continuing Superstition The witch hunts ended because, among other things, ________. they threatened the social order Protestants were more preoccupied with the devil the power of words seemed greater after Gutenberg no judges were left Answer: A Page Ref: 444 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Continuing Superstition
Charles I’s employment of Rubens illustrated to the people of England that ________. baroque art demonstrated religious truths Charles opposed a monarchial government Galileo was incorrect and should be condemned Charles I had Roman Catholic sympathies Answer: D Page Ref: 445–446 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Baroque Art The most elaborative baroque monument to political absolutism was ________. Pope Urban VIII’s tabernacle in Rome Charles I’s palace in London Louis XIV’s palace at Versailles Franz Joseph’s palace in Vienna Answer: C Page Ref: 446 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Baroque Art The heliocentric universe was introduced by ________. Nicolaus Copernicus Isaac Newton Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Answer: A Page Ref: 419 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Scientific Revolution As Brahe’s assistant, Kepler ________. stayed closely aligned to the theories of Brahe long after Brahe’s death grew jealous of Brahe’s fame and worked to discount the research they had completed together was considered inferior to Brahe as a scientist helped collect the scientific data and then interpreted it in his own way after Brahe’s death Answer: A Page Ref: 420–421 Skill: Conceptual
Prior to 1600, the scientific world viewed Copernicus’s understanding of the universe with ________. full acceptance and approval complete rejection caution and interest religious outrage and condemnation Answer: C Page Ref: 419 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Scientific Revolution How did the telescope change the understanding of the universe for scientists? It increased the accuracy of physical observations. It required a new level of mathematical accuracy. It improved navigation. It required increased attention to scientific subjects. Answer: A Page Ref: 421 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Scientific Revolution In his Discourse on Method, Descartes attacked ________. Locke’s method the use of reason alone the church received truths Answer: D Page Ref: 425 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science The idea that humans were, by nature, creatures of reason and basic goodwill is an idea embraced by ________. Locke, in opposition to the ideas of Descartes Hobbes, in opposition to the ideas of John Locke Locke, in opposition to the ideas of Thomas Hobbes Bacon, in opposition to the ideas of John Locke Answer: C Page Ref: 428 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Philosophy Responds to Changing Science How did scientists interact with universities during the scientific revolution? Universities were often criticized by scientists. Universities were generally praised by scientists. Scientists were eager to be hired by universities. Universities wanted to take credit for the discoveries of scientists. Answer: A Page Ref: 429 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge The learned societies that emerged in the 1600s are best described as ________. forums for intellectual exchange political clubs social gatherings closely linked to universities Answer: A Page Ref: 430 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge The Enlightenment was the ________. eighteenth-century movement that held that change and reform were both desirable through the application of reason and science twentieth-century movement that brought scientists and philosophers together to reconcile their differences on the state of the natural world eighteenth-century movement that attempted to interpret the events of scripture based on scientific observations of the natural world nineteenth-century movement that saw the growth of industry and the increase of manufacturing Answer: A Page Ref: 432 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge The Berlin Academy of Science denied Maria Winkelmann’s application to continue her husband’s study because ________. she was a woman her husband had died her work was considered inferior to the work of other scientists she had angered the upper level hierarchy of the Academy Answer: A Page Ref: 433 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution The book on astronomy by Maria Cunitz was ________. initially rejected by the scientific world recognized as her own work only after her husband added a preface considered an important accomplishment for a woman of her day widely read and distributed in universities Answer: B Page Ref: 432–433 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution According to Francis Bacon, the Bible and nature ________. should be explained by scientists must be compatible since they shared the same author are directly opposed on countless points and must be reconciled are inadequately explained by the Roman Catholic Church Answer: B Page Ref: 439 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The New Science and Religious Faith The scope of witchcraft persecutions showed that _________. the Catholic Church was losing its power the Protestant Reformation had run its course the wars of religion were over belief in witchcraft was common Answer: D Page Ref: 440 Skill: Analytical Topic: Continuing Superstition Which of the following is true of the scientific revolution? It was not rapid. It involved a large collective of people that numbered in the thousands. It was a unified movement. Everything associated with the revolution was new and groundbreaking. Answer: A Page Ref: 418 Skill: Analytical Topic: The Scientific Revolution The greatest example of empiricism is shown by the work of ________. Blaise Pascal Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler Thomas Hobbes Ptolemy Answer: C Page Ref: 419–421 Skill: Analytical Topic: The Scientific Revolution Opposing ________, it was natural that the scientific revolution would also often find itself in opposition to _________. reason; the church received truths; political authority the deductive method; empiricism scholasticism; universities Answer: D Page Ref: 429 Skill: Analytical Topic: The New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge Pascal’s attitude toward reason was that it was ________. un-Christian of little use insufficient for grasping religious concepts superior to faith in understanding the world Answer: C Page Ref: 435 Skill: Analytical Topic: The New Science and Religious Faith Directory: userdocs -> documents documents -> Vision Iowa, cat & recat projects by County As of June 2016 documents -> Unit 2: Exploring Data Name 1 Variables and their Graphs documents -> Syllable reduction userdocs -> Invitation to the general assembly of atlantic grupa d d userdocs -> Notice of the transfer of Atlantic Grupa d d. shares zagreb, 25 May 2009 userdocs -> Atlantic takes over 12 new pharmacies and specialised otc stores documents -> United States Map Activity: Instructions documents -> Vision Iowa, cat & recat projects by County As of June 2016 documents -> Auto shop layout: There are several different areas in an auto shop. 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