Choose the letter of the best answer

Choose the letter of the best answer.

***Chapter 2***

____ 1. Who suggested that the nation's capital be moved from New York City to a new city in the South in order to help gain support for his national debt plan?

A. George Washington

B. Alexander Hamilton

C. John Jay

D. Thomas Jefferson

____ 2. Which event was a response to an unpopular excise tax imposed by the federal government?

A. the Whiskey Rebellion

B. the XYZ Affair

C. Marbury v. Madison

D. the British blockade of the eastern seacoast

____ 3. Who secured a treaty with Spain giving the United States shipping rights on the Mississippi River?

A. Edmond Genêt

B. Thomas Pinckney

C. William Henry Harrison

D. John Adams

____ 4. During John Adams's presidency, why were Democratic-Republicans outraged by the Alien and Sedition

Acts?

B. They believed the laws violated freedom of speech.

C. They believed the laws would open the gates to French immigrants.

D. They believed the laws would give too much power to the courts.

____ 5. What principle was affirmed in the Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison?

A. the right of the citizens to criticize their government

B. the right of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

C. the right of Congress to declare war

D. the right of states to nullify an act of Congress that they deem unconstitutional

____ 6. Who was president when the United States acquired and began to explore the Louisiana Territory?

A. George Washington

B. John Adams

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. James Madison

____ 7. Why did the United States go to war against Britain in 1812?

A. Britain was trying to buy the Louisiana Territory.

B. Britain was interfering with U.S. foreign trade.

C. Britain refused to give up its forts in the Northwest Territory.

D. Britain was becoming too friendly with France.

____ 8. Who attempted to unite Native Americans into a confederacy to protect their homeland against white intruders?

A. Tecumseh

B. Little Turtle

C. Mad Anthony Wayne

D. the war hawks

____ 11. The outcome of the Whiskey Rebellion helped to establish the power of the federal government to

A. impose taxes.

B. enforce federal laws within states.

C. control interstate and foreign trade.

D. reinterpret the Bill of Rights.

____ 12. Thomas Jefferson was a supporter of all of the following except

A. farmers.

B. free trade.

C. the French Revolution.

D. large government.

____ 13. The XYZ Affair resulted in

A. strong anti-French feelings in the United States and fears of sedition.

B. an agreement by the British to evacuate the Northwest Territory.

C. American use of the Mississippi River for trade.

D. the death of George Washington.

____ 14. The Sedition Act allowed the national government to jail people for

A. making negative statements about the government.

B. challenging the constitutionality of a law.

C. selling, manufacturing, or distributing whiskey.

D. not paying ones debts in a timely manner.

____ 15. The Shawnee chief Tecumseh attempted to

A. negotiate a fair peace treaty with the U.S. government.

B. organize a confederacy of Native American tribes.

C. guide Lewis and Clark through the Louisiana Territory.

D. attack British forts along the Canadian border.

____ 16. For 15 million dollars, the United States was able to purchase the Louisiana Territory from

A. Spain.

B. France.

C. Great Britain.

D. Native Americans.

***Chapter 3***

____ 17. Which candidate did John Quincy Adams defeat in the controversial election of 1824?

A. Henry Clay

B. James Monroe

C. Daniel Webster

D. Andrew Jackson

____ 18. Which idea is promoted by the concept of nullification?

A. nationalism

B. states' rights

C. judicial review

D. territorial expansion

____ 19. Which area did the Monroe Doctrine aim to free from European influence?

A. the Oregon territory

B. the Western Hemisphere

C. North America

D. Texas

A. Mexicans

B. Shoshone

C. African slaves

D. Cherokee

____ 21. Which development led to a sharp rise in the number of slaves imported to the southern United States?

A. the cotton gin

B. interchangeable parts

C. steam-powered machinery

D. the canal system

____ 22. Which Americans benefited most from the Tariff of 1816?

A. farmers

B. Consumers

C. manufacturers

D. shipping companies

____ 23. Who began the practice of replacing high-ranking members of the executive branch when a new

president takes office?

A. James Monroe

B. Andrew Jackson

C. Martin Van Buren

D. John Quincy Adams

____ 24. Completed in 1825, the Erie Canal connected the Atlantic Ocean with what?

A. New York City

B. the Great Lakes

C. the National Road

D. the Mississippi River

____ 25. Which Whig candidate defeated Martin Van Buren for president by depicting himself as a man of the people?

A. John Tyler

B. Andrew Jackson

C. John Quincy Adams

D. William Henry Harrison

____ 26. Which of the following was responsible for the United States acquiring Florida?

A. Monroe Doctrine

B. Indian Removal Act

C. Adams-Onís Treaty

D. Missouri Compromise

____ 27. Between which two countries did the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 settle boundaries?

A. United States and France

B. France and Spain

C. Spain and United States

D. Mexico and United States

____ 28. Which current state entered U.S. territory as a result of the Adams-Onís Treaty?

A. Florida

B. Oregon

C. Texas

D. New Mexico

____ 29. The Monroe Doctrine was largely a response to

A. the debate over admitting slave states to the Union.

B. the interest of European nations in creating colonies in North and South America.

C. the need to strengthen the national economy despite sectional differences.

D. fighting between western settlers and Native Americans.

____ 30. The 1828 "Tariff of Abominations" was given that name by those who thought the tariff hurt the South

while helping

A. British importers.

B. small farmers.

C. Northern manufacturers.

D. frontier settlers in the West.

____ 31. The American System helped bring the nation together by

A. maintaining the balance between slave states and free states.

B. withdrawing funds from the unpopular Bank of the United States.

C. giving common people across the nation a voice in the national government.

D. creating a better transportation network to facilitate the exchange of goods.

____ 32. Andrew Jackson used the power of the presidency to

A. influence Supreme Court decisions in which he was interested.

B. fire many federal officials and appoint loyal followers in their places.

C. raise tariffs to fill the government treasury with funds.

D. recognize the land claims of the Cherokee Nation.

***Chapter 4***

____ 33. For which action is Nat Turner well known?

A. leading a violent slave revolt

B. fighting in the American Revolution

C. publishing an antislavery newspaper

D. promoting a nonviolent end to slavery

____ 34. What did the abolition movement promote?

A. relocating black slaves to Africa

B. prohibiting the drinking of alcohol

C. removing Native Americans from eastern states

D. ending the institution of slavery

____ 35. What belief was one important feature of the Second Great Awakening?

A. a belief in the truth found in nature

B. a belief in personal responsibility for salvation

C. a belief in a God who decides each person's fate

D. a belief in the perfection of human beings

____ 36. What term refers to the 19th-century belief that married women's activities should be limited to

housework and family?

A. feminism

B. temperance

C. the cult of sentiments

D. the cult of domesticity

____ 37. Which of the following did Frederick Douglass not do?

A. emigrate to Africa

B. publish a newspaper

C. work as an urban slave

D. lecture on the evils of slavery

____ 38. Which of the following was not a problem faced by "mill girls" in Massachusetts?

A. wage cuts

B. increased workloads

C. lack of safe places to stay

D. unhealthy working conditions

____ 39. In what way was the National Trades' Union unusual for its time?

A. It represented only glassworkers.

B. It represented workers in a variety of industries.

C. It discouraged striking as a means of protest.

D. It was supported by bankers and business owners.

____ 40. In which philosophical movement was Ralph Waldo Emerson a leader?

A. utopianism

B. Unitarianism

C. humanitarianism

D. transcendentalism

____ 41. Which group commonly worked as strikebreakers for low wages?

A. young women

B. free blacks

C. Irish immigrants

D. temperance workers

***Chapter 5***

____ 42. "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" referred to a boundary dispute between the United States and

A. Spain.

B. Mexico.

C. Great Britain.

D. the Sauk and Fox.

____ 43. Under Mexican rule, the main appeal Texas held for American settlers was

A. cheap land.

B. legalized slavery.

C. religious freedom.

D. government protection from Native Americans.

____ 44. Of the following, the man most in favor of seizing land from Mexico was

A. James K. Polk.

B. Daniel Webster.

C. John C. Calhoun.

D. Abraham Lincoln.

____ 45. The battle most responsible for winning Texas its freedom from Mexico took place

A. at the Alamo.

B. at Buena Vista.

C. near the Rio Grande.

D. near the San Jacinto River.

____ 46. The inventor of a new rubber product that didn't freeze or melt was

A. Elias Howe.

B. Charles Goodyear.

C. Robert Fulton.

D. Samuel F.B. Morse.

____ 47. The inventor of a mechanical reaper that did the work of five farm workers was

A. John Deere.

B. I. M. Singer.

C. John C. Frémont.

D. Cyrus McCormick.

____ 48. Which event was most responsible for creating a diverse population in California?

A. the gold rush

B. the Treaty of Fort Laramie

C. the invention of the steel plow

D. the war with Mexico

***Chapter 6***

____ 49. The Wilmot Proviso was favored by

A. the North.

B. the South.

C. the North and the South.

D. California alone.

____ 50. The formal withdrawal of a state from the Union is known as

A. confederacy.

B. compromise.

C. secession.

D. popular sovereignty.

____ 51. The Compromise of 1850 was supported by

A. Clay and Calhoun.

B. Clay and Webster.

C. Calhoun and Webster but not Clay.

D. Clay, Calhoun, and Webster.

____ 52. One of the most active conductors on the Underground Railroad was

A. Harriet Beecher Stowe.

B. Harriet Tubman.

C. Horace Greeley.

D. Abraham Lincoln.

____ 53. Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by

A. Horace Greeley.

B. John Brown.

C. Harriet Beecher Stowe.

D. Charlotte Forten.

____ 54. One of the founders of the Republican Party was

A. Franklin Pierce.

B. Horace Greeley.

C. James Buchanan.

D. Millard Fillmore.

____ 55. The topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was

A. the Missouri Compromise.

B. secession.

C. the Wilmot Proviso.

D. slavery in the territories.

____ 56. The Dred Scott decision did all of the following except

A. please Southerners.

B. rule that slaves did not have rights.

C. declare the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

D. guarantee that slavery would not be allowed in future states.

____ 57. The Confederacy included all of the following states except

A. Maryland.

B. Texas.

C. Alabama.

D. South Carolina.

____ 58. Which was the first state to secede?

A. Mississippi

B. North Carolina

C. South Carolina

D. Florida

____ 61. Which was the last state to join the Confederacy?

A. Tennessee

B. Texas

D. Arkansas

____ 62. Which of the following best explains the dependence of the Southern economy on slavery?

A. Immigrants who opposed slavery did not settle in the South.

B. The Southern economy was rural and consisted mostly of plantations.

C. The South needed slave labor to support its manufacturing economy.

D. Enslaved Africans were well suited to working in the hot Southern climate.

____ 63. What was Henry Clay's primary purpose in offering the Compromise of 1850?

A. to avoid a civil war over the issue of slavery

B. to eliminate the practice of popular sovereignty

C. to provide stricter penalties for those who harbored fugitive slaves

D. to ensure that New Mexico and Utah would enter the Union as free states

____ 64. Which of the following was not an example of Northern resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act?

A. development of the Underground Railroad

B. passage of personal liberty laws

C. lengthy legal battles on behalf of runaway slaves

D. raids to free slaves in border states

____ 65. What was a result of passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A. several years of peace on the issue of slavery

B. the end of the political career of Stephen Douglas

C. popular sovereignty for Kansas and Nebraska

D. a reaffirmation of the Missouri Compromise

____ 66. Which words best describe John Brown?

A. articulate and compromising

B. proslavery and passionate

C. antislavery and violent

D. self-educated and dry-witted

____ 67. Lincoln became a Republican after leaving which party?

A. Whig Party

B. Democratic Party

C. Free-Soil Party

D. Know-Nothing Party

____ 68. What was an important result of Buchanan's defeat of Frémont in the 1856 presidential election?

A. The Know-Nothing Party gained influence.

B. The South remained in the Union.

C. The Democrats showed they had a broad base of support.

D. The North lost interest in the Republican Party.

____ 69. Which view best summarizes Lincoln's position on slavery in 1858?

A. Slavery is not immoral, but each state should decide what to do on this issue.

B. Slavery should be accepted because it is necessary for the nation's economic health.

C. Slavery should be abolished in the United States because it is immoral.

D. Slavery should not spread because it is morally and politically wrong.

Current Affairs Final Exam.tgt, Version: 1 10

____ 70. What was one effect of John Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry?

A. an increase in tensions between the North and the South

B. a brief period of national unity

C. the end of the abolitionist movement

D. an embarrassing defeat for Robert E. Lee

***Chapter 7***

____ 71. When the Civil War began, what was Abraham Lincoln's main goal?

A. to abolish slavery

B. to punish the South

C. to restore the Union

D. to bring an end to the war

____ 72. In which area did the South have an advantage over the North in the Civil War?

A. food production

B. civilian leadership

C. industrial capacity

D. military leadership

____ 73. Which of the following abolished slavery in the North?

A. the Gettysburg Address

B. the Thirteenth Amendment

C. the Compromise of 1850

D. the Emancipation Proclamation

____ 74. Why is the Battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point in the Civil War?

A. It made the South give up the idea of invading the North.

B. It divided the Confederacy.

C. It convinced the Confederacy to surrender.

D. It marked the first Union victory on the battlefield.

____ 75. Which of the following quotations is from the Gettysburg Address?

A. "We are not prepared for this suffrage. But we can learn."

B. "All persons held as slaves within any State . . . in rebellion against the United States, shall be . . .

forever free."

C. "The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did

here."

D. "You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, . . . determined people on earth."

A. to free all slaves in the United States

B. to free slaves behind Confederate lines

C. to free slaves in Union slave states

D. to enlist slaves in the Union army

____ 77. What was Clara Barton's role in the Civil War?

A. Red Cross volunteer

B. nurse on the battlefield

C. ordinary soldier

D. federal clerk

____ 78. ___ was not part of the Union's three-part plan to conquer the South.

A. Blockading Southern ports

B. Drafting freed slaves to fight for the Union

C. Capturing the Confederate capital

D. Splitting the Confederacy in two

____ 79. The Battle of Gettysburg was not ___.

A. the last time the South invaded the North

B. a battle with heavy casualties on both sides

C. the battle that cut the Confederacy in two

D. a devastating defeat for the Confederates

____ 80. Lincoln suspended ___ to deal with dissent in the Union states.

A. voting rights for free African Americans

B. harsh sentences for draft rioters

C. conscription of men over 35 years of age

D. the writ of habeas corpus

____ 81. While serving in the Union army, African Americans faced all of the following except ___.

A. discrimination

B. lower pay than whites

C. higher mortality rates than whites

D. excessively high income taxes

____ 82. Because it was one of only two Confederate holdouts preventing the Union from taking complete control

of the Mississippi River, Grant focused on capturing ___.

A. New Orleans

B. Baton Rouge

C. Vicksburg

D. Gettysburg

____ 83. ___ helped Lincoln win reelection in 1864.

A. Union victories in the South

B. Confederate victories in the North

C. A lack of political opponents

D. The Copperheads

***Chapter 8***

____ 84. The congressional leader of the Radical Republicans was

A. Hiram Revels.

B. Horace Greeley.

C. Samuel J. Tilden.

D. Thaddeus Stevens.

____ 85. The Fourteenth Amendment was passed to provide a constitutional basis for the

A. black codes.

B. Compromise of 1877.

C. Thirteenth Amendment.

D. Civil Rights Act of 1866.

____ 86. Hiram Revels was the first African-American

A. U.S. senator.

B. army general.

C. cabinet member.

D. Supreme Court justice.

____ 87. During Reconstruction, the system of sharecropping was least beneficial to

A. bankers.

B. merchants.

C. landowners.

D. sharecroppers.

____ 88. During Reconstruction, all of the following increased in the South except

A. taxes.

B. per capita income.

C. public works programs.

D. populations of towns and cities.

____ 89. President Andrew Johnson's plan for Reconstruction aimed to punish

A. poor white Southerners.

B. Confederate leaders.

C. Northern abolitionists.

D. formerly enslaved African Americans.

____ 90. The Compromise of 1877 signaled an end to

A. the Panic of 1873.

B. the Republican Party.

C. Reconstruction.

D. civil rights legislation.

____ 91. A state government that is run without federal intervention illustrates the idea of

A. home rule.

B. carpetbagging.

C. redemption.

D. impeachment.

____ 92. No one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or former enslavement, according to the

A. black codes.

B. Thirteenth Amendment.

C. Fourteenth Amendment.

D. Fifteenth Amendment.

____ 93. Which of the following statements is true of Hayes?

A. He won the popular vote but lost the electoral vote.

B. He won both the popular and the electoral votes.

C. He lost the popular vote but won the electoral vote.

D. He lost both the electoral and the popular votes.

____ 98. Which of the following made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the

nation?

B. Fourteenth Amendment

C. Fifteenth Amendment

D. Reconstruction Act of 1867

____ 99. When Reconstruction began, which of the following groups of Americans living in the South tended to

support the Democratic Party?

A. scalawags

B. carpetbaggers

C. African Americans

D. wealthy landowners

____ 100. Who was the first African-American U.S. senator?

A. Hiram Revels

B. Samuel J. Tilden

C. Garrison Frazier

D. Henry M. Turner

____ 101. Which action showed that President Andrew Johnson did not support greater rights for Africans

Americans in the South?

A. He allowed many high-ranking Confederates to vote without swearing allegiance to the United

States.

B. He vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

D. He supported a Reconstruction plan similar to President Lincoln's plan.

____ 102. Which of the following was not a requirement of former Confederate states under the Reconstruction

Act of 1867?

A. They would be divided into military districts headed by Union generals.

B. Voters, including African Americans, would elect delegates to draft new constitutions.

C. They had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment to be readmitted to the Union.

D. All African-American families would receive 40 acres and a mule.

____ 103. Which word best describes Lincoln's original plan for Reconstruction, which Johnson largely followed?

A. neutral

B. Aggressive

C. lenient

D. balanced

____ 104. After the Civil War, why did new Republican governments in the South have difficulty?

A. African Americans resented interference from Northern carpetbaggers.

B. Slavery remained in force in several Southern states.

C. Many white Southerners refused to accept equal rights for blacks.

D. African Americans did not hold office at the state or local level.

____ 105. Which of the following is an example of "redemption" as it was defined near the end of

Reconstruction?

A. A state government had been under Republican leadership for 12 years, but then Democrats

returned to power, or "redeemed" the state.

B. A president's administration was plagued with scandal, but the president "redeemed" himself by

firing many corrupt officials.

C. After a long struggle to gain civil rights, African Americans finally secured, or "redeemed, " their

right to vote.

D. A presidential candidate lost the popular vote, but was "redeemed" when the electoral college

voted.

____ 106. Which of the following marked the end of the wars between the federal government and the Plains

Indians?

A. the Treaty of Fort Laramie

B. the death of Sitting Bull

C. the Sand Creek Massacre

D. the massacre at Wounded Knee

____ 107. Why did the policy of treating the Great Plains as a huge reservation change?

A. White settlers began wanting the land on the Plains.

B. Native Americans refused to remain on the Plains.

C. Native American populations decreased and needed less land.

D. The Plains failed to meet the needs of Native American peoples.

____ 108. Which of the following events occurred first?

A. the Treaty of Fort Laramie

B. the death of Sitting Bull

C. the Sand Creek Massacre

D. the massacre at Wounded Knee

____ 109. Who were the exodusters?

A. European immigrants who settled on the Great Plains

B. Plains Indians forced onto reservations in the 1800s

C. former slaves from the South who settled on the Great Plains

D. cowboys who worked long drives in the summer and odd jobs in the winter

____ 110. Why did little of the free land offered by the Homestead Act end up being claimed by settlers?

A. The land was too difficult to farm.

B. Few settlers wanted to move West at the time.

C. Most of it was taken by people seeking profits.

D. The government put too many restrictions on its use.

____ 111. Which of the following was