Compiled by Colby B. Rucker Preface: Use of Copyrighted Material

473. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 1800. Shr.424, B&B.64

(Fagus castanea dentata Marsh. 1785)

(American Chestnut)

Native forest tree; leaves with sharp teeth and long-acuminate tips.

Habitat: "Rocky woods and hillsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

"Most abundant on poor, or dry, acid soils" (Brown & Brown 1972). Now usually seen on steep slopes with Quercus prinus, or as an occasional understory tree in dry, open, oak-pine woods.

(Shreve et al 1910). Now nearly extirpated by chestnut blight; no known living Anne Arundel specimens over 7 inches DBH.

474. Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. 1768. Shr.425, B&B.66

(Fagus pumila L. 1753)

(Chinquapin) Small native tree or shrub; leaves with acute tips.

475. Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1788. B&B.64

[Fagus americana (Marsh.) Sudw.]

(Fagus americana Sweet) Shr.424

(American Beech) Large native tree.

Habitat: "Infrequent in moist upland forests and swamps, and most common on the slopes leading from streams and swamps to the upland"

(Shreve et al 1910). Rich upland woods" (Stieber 1971).

476. Quercus alba L. 1753. Shr.426, B&B.70

(White Oak)

Native tree often attaining great size and age. 7-9 rounded lobes.

character... attaining its best development in the deep well-drained

upland soils" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry to moderately moist woods" (Stieber

1971).

1910). Somewhat reduced by the gypsy moth, especially on the less fertile soils of north county.

Pond (Jones property). Weems Creek (Hock tract). Brewer Pond watershed. Arnold Recreation Area. Truxtun Park. Mill Creek watershed (McCann property). Bayfields. Brewer Creek watershed (Sherwood Forest property). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Community College woods 9/15/90.

477. Quercus alba var. alba B&B: Not listed.

This is the "true" white oak, as opposed to var. latiloba Sargent [forma latiloba (Sargent) Palmer & Steyerm.], the Northern White Oak, which is much more common; see Chas. S. Sargent 1922, also Strasbaugh & Core p.302, and Wm. M. Harlow 1942, p.146. This variety (or form) is rather distinct; it has sinuses cut nearly to the midrib; however, leaves from partially shaded branches are less deeply cut. "No longer recognized." (Harlow 1942).

Frequency: Less common than var. latiloba (Sargent 1922). Seldom seen locally, little known.

Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property - Lot 708; also sandy ridge near pond, Aug 1999). Amberley (1607 Ridout Road). Bayfields (Horace Richardson property). Quiet Waters Park, near Blue Heron Center.
ADD: Quercus x beadlei Trel.

(Beadle Oak)

This is a natural hybrid of Q. alba and Q. michauxii.

Sightings: (tentative) Lot 758, Pines on Severn, Arnold, July 2002. Tree ca. 40’ high. Leaves 8.0” – 8.5”, obovate, with ca. 12 veins; lower 2/3 w/sinuses up to 1/3 to midrib; upper 1/3 tapering abruptly, with rounded teeth. This tree is ca. 250 yards upslope from a south-facing ravine with Q. michauxii and ca. 100 yds downslope from Q. alba.

478. Quercus bicolor Willd. 1801. B&B.74

[Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudw. 1893] Shr.426

(Quercus prinus platanoides Lam. 1783)

(Swamp White Oak)

Native tree. Acorns on 2"-4" slender stalks. Leaves paler beneath, with shallow, irregular lobes.

479. Quercus x bushii Sarg. B&B: unlisted.

(Bushes Oak)

Native tree, hybrid of Q. marilandica and Q. velutina.

480. Quercus coccinea Muench B&B.81

(Quercus coccinea Wang. 1787) Shr.425

(Scarlet Oak)

Native tree with deeper leaf sinuses and more persistent deadwood than Q. rubra. Leaves more glossy and firm, with 5-9 lobes.

Habitat: "Dry light soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Sandy or gravelly dry upland soils.

Frequency: "Throughout the state, being frequent in the Coastal Zone, and common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). Common, but habitat sensitive; dominant on sandy 60 ft. terraces along the Severn River.

Records: Along the Severn opposite Annapolis 11/13/1910, H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). Glen Burnie 11/13/1911, I. Tidestrom US)(Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forestwest of building area, Higman 414, 557 (CBC)(Higman 1977).

Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry, Rucker properties). Whitehall Creek (slopes by Gov. Sharpe's millpond). Brewer Creek (Sherwood Forest watertower hill). Plum/Gumbottom Branch (by road crossing). Jabez Branch (KOA property). Sewell Spring Branch.

Sackett property. Mill Creek (McCann property).

[Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sudworth.] Shr.425

[Quercus rubra (L.) (See Sargent 1922)]

(Southern Red Oak, Spanish Oak)

Large native tree. Leaves pale beneath. Falcate lobes and elongated tip typical. Small trees on heavy soil often have lobe development retarded, and but three rudimentary end-lobes.

Habitat: "Dry or sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).

Frequency: "Throughout the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). One of the most common trees on warm sandy soils. Subject to winter-kill and essentially absent from the silt loams of the Severn River Highlands.

Records: Between Annapolis & Arnold 11/13/ca. 1910 or 1911), H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). South of Annapolis 8/18/1913, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). In Back Bay, near Annapolis, in mixed forests 7/29/1923, I. Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, in sandy soil 5/2/1966, 6/14/1966, 9/23/1966, Stieber 168 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of 424, edge of pine-oak sandy woods 9/23/1966, Stieber 167 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant in well-drained mixed hardwood forest on Hog Island and in lowland mixed hardwood forest northwest of Hog Island tidal marsh; infrequent elsewhere; Higman 91, 262, 404 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Galesville 9/29/1987 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).

Sightings: Lake Waterford 8/13/88. Meredith Creek (Corrin Strong estate). Truxtun Park. Forked Creek (Sackett property). Community College Woods 9/15/90. Sullivans Cove (Ewell property). Chase Creek watershed: Rucker, Berry properties (four trees, on warm sandy promontories only). Along Indian Landing Road. West River (Cedar Park - national champion). Corcoran Environmental Study Area 2002.

Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

482. Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell. 1824. B&B.338

[Quercus pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe 1897]

[Quercus rubra var. pagodaefolia Ashe (See Sargent 1922)]

(Cherrybark Oak, Swamp Red Oak)

Large native tree. Up to 11 rather uniform, triangular lobes.

483. Quercus ilicifolia Wang. 1787. B&B.81

[Quercus nana (Marsh) Sarg. 1895] Shr.425

(Bear Oak, Scrub Oak, Shrub Oak, Black Scrub Oak)

Native shrub or small crooked tree. Leaves: five-lobed, silvery beneath.

Habitat: "In sandy or rocky soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry sandy barrens and open hillsides" (Sargent 1922). "Usually encountered on barren, sandy soils, rocky slopes, plateaus, and mountaintops, where it commonly forms extensive thickets" (Harrar & Harrar 1962). In open areas, often with pines.

Frequency: "Piedmont or Mountain areas; rare or absent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1972).

Records:

(1) Dry woods near Glenburnie Bog (As Q. nana; C. E. Waters 1905). Glen Burnie, shrub about 1.5 m., growing with Pinus virginiana 11/13/1910, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Glen Burnie 10/16/1911, H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). Once found in the vicinity of Glen Burnie Bog (See A. V. P. Smith 1938).

(2) 1.5 mi. E. of Laurel, no date, Chas. P. Smith & H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967).

Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).

484. Quercus imbricaria Michx. 1801. Shr.426, B&B.83

(Shingle Oak)

Medium-sized native tree. Leaves entire, hairy beneath.

485. Quercus x ludoviciana Sarg.

(Quercus x subfalcata Trelease)

Hybrid - Quercus phellos x Quercus falcata. B&B.86

Native tree.

Records: Back Creek watershed: old Annapolis sewage plant at Edgewood Road - one tree (Williams 1989).

Sightings: Two trees at residential property of Stanley M. Folkman at 160 Cardamon Drive, Gingerville, Edgewater, ca. 1970. One tree at Meredith Creek (in sweetgum woods at Corrin Strong estate, across driveway from overseer's house).

486. Quercus lyrata Walt. Shr.426, B&B.72

(Overcup Oak) Large native tree, white oak group. Leaf deeply cut, somewhat irregular. Cup covers most of nut.

Habitat: "A bottomland species commonly occurring on poorly drained, clay soils subject to prolonged inundation" (Harrar & Harrar 1962).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.

County Occurrence: Uncertain. Occurs in the Patuxent River valley (Brown & Brown 1972). Known to occur at Patuxent Wildlife Refuge (See Big Tree Champions of Maryland, 1956).

487. Quercus marilandica Muench. 1770. Shr.425, B&B.83

(Blackjack Oak)

Native tree, often small, crooked, and compact, with persistent deadwood. Leaves essentially three-lobed, leathery.

throughout the Coastal and Midland Zones, being least frequent in the upper Midland...absent in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).

488. Quercus michauxii Nuttall 1818. Shr.426, B&B.74

[Quercus prinus L. (See C. S. Sargent 1922)]

(Basket Oak, Swamp Chestnut Oak, Cow Oak)

Large native tree. Bark like white oak. Leaves like chestnut oak, but paler beneath.

Habitat: "Moist, poorly drained bottoms and flood plains subject to periodic inundation" (Harrar & Harrar 1962). Rich moist soils of floodplains, uplands and swamp borders. Usually on warm exposures.

Frequency: Frequent on low wet soils in southern Anne Arundel County, seldom encountered northward.

Records: Galesville by M. A. Chrysler (Shreve et al 1910). "On precipitous small islands in the Rhode River...also on the adjacent mainland" (Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.189). Galesville 9/29/1987 (Sipple 1993).

Sightings: The Great Swamp (West River Estates - frequent on hydric soils 5/5/90). Owensville Road. Chase Creek watershed (Bankert's Ravine). Bay Ridge (River Drive). Rugby Hall (Ley property). Shady Lake (Triest property). Sudley Road (Boxwood Farm). Arlington Echo (one tree in woods, perhaps 250 feet south of gate). Bay Ridge (North end of River Drive). Jonas Green Pond. Dead tree cut beside cattail marsh at end of Romar Drive. Dead tree cut at Terrace Gardens. Meredith Creek (common in sweet gum woods at Corrin Strong estate, across driveway from overseer's house). Mill Creek (near Brice's dam, McCann property). Shore of Brewer Pond (Koenig property) 8/9/1995.

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).

489. Quercus muhlenbergii Engelm. 1877. B&B.74

[Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Sarg.] Shr.427

[Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Houda.]

(Chinquapin Oak, Yellow Chestnut Oak, Yellow Oak)

Native tree. Leaf: 8-13 pointed, not rounded, teeth per margin.

Habitat: "Dry limestone hillsides and rich bottoms" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry, shaly ridges and calcareous slopes" (Brown & Brown 1972).

Frequency: "Upper Midland District; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).

Heritage Rating: 1988: C (Declining). 1991: Watchlist.

County Occurrence: Occurrence in Anne Arundel County is probably limited to sites where shell-marl deposits maintain a circumneutral soil, as in Charles County (Chapman Forest).

Records: "Infrequent overhanging the Rhode River" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent large trees on shore of Rhode River below dock, Higman 766 (CBC) (Higman 1977).

Sightings: Reported sightings at Weems Creek (Priest Point) are probably in error (See "A Greenway Strategy for Weems Creek"). Two bicentennial specimens reported in south county, possibly planted.

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

490. Quercus palustris Muench. B&B.79

(Quercus palustris Du Roi 1772) Shr.425

(Pin Oak, Swamp Oak)

Large native tree with numerous down-sloping branches and very persistent deadwood. Small (1/2") acorn in shallow cup. Leaves smaller than scarlet oak, fewer lobes.

Habitat: "Borders of swamps and river-bottoms in deep rich moist soil" (Sargent 1922).

Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in old fields (sapling), infrequent along Fox Creek and Muddy Creek floodplains" Higman 75, 169 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Severn Run 6/29/1987 (Sipple 1993).

Sightings: Severn Run Environmental Area. Hopkins Creek bottom near Round Bay Bog. Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88. Jonas Green Pond – several trees in standing water April 2002. Indian Creek Branch above Route 32. Holly Beach Farm (south of Sandy Point - common with sweetgums). Smithsonian property (by boardwalk to Hog Island 6/11/87).

Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).

491. Quercus phellos L. 1753. Shr.426, B&B.86

(Willow Oak)

Large native tree with small (2"-5") entire lanceolate leaves.

and Q. velutina, suggesting a typing oversight.

492. Quercus prinoides Willd. 1801. Shr.427, B&B.76

(Dwarf Chestnut Oak, Scrub Chestnut Oak)

Native small tree or shrub. Leaves: 3-7 pointed, not rounded, teeth per margin; white tomentose beneath.

493. Quercus prinus L. 1753. Shr.427, B&B.76

(Quercus montana Willd.)

(Chestnut Oak)

Large long-lived native tree. Leaves with rounded teeth. Bark very thick, deeply furrowed, not flaky. Heartwood durable; spines of large deadwood persistent.

Habitat: "Rocky banks and hillsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Well-drained sandy, gravelly or rocky soils; steep slopes and sandy ridges.

Frequency: Dominant tree on steep slopes along the Severn, less common with mixed oaks on well drained sandy terraces.

Records: Patuxent Community Pond, med.-sized tree at edge of woods 6/14/1966, Stieber 172 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S.of 424, 8/6/1966, Stieber 171 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Fox Point at CBC (Higman 1977; see entry under Juncus tenuis var. anthelatus). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).

Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties). Rays Pond watershed (Iliff, Mylander properties). Sackett property. Back Creek watershed: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Hog Island (Smithsonian property). Community College Woods 9/15/90.

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

494. Quercus rubra L. 1753. Shr.425, B&B.76

[Quercus borealis Michx. var. maxima (Marsh.) Ashe]

(Quercus rubra Du Roi)

Although Stieber (1971) shows Q. rubra var. borealis Farw. as a syn. of Q. rubra, that var.

appears to be the more northern Gray Oak (syn. Q. borealis, Q. ambigua) with acorns

resembling Q. coccinea. See Britton 1901, Sargent 1922; such variety is seldom accepted

today.

Large native tree with large acorns in a very shallow cup. Leaves dull green. Ribbons of earlier smooth bark streak upper trunks. Deadwood not persistent.

This unnamed form, with acorns fully twice the weight of nearby trees, is of sufficient interest to be here listed. The acorns are ca. 1.25 inches long, and have sides which are parallel, and straight into the shallow cup, which is also heavier than typical.

495. Quercus x saulii Schn. B&B: unlisted.

(Saul Oak) Native tree: Natural hybrid of Q. alba and Q. prinus. Leaf elliptic, 6.5” – 7.5”; lobes ca. eight, tapering; sinuses more than halfway to midrib, 5/4” to 7/4” deep.

Sightings: Ulmstead (very large tree, top of slope above water, Quail Run Court). Arlington Echo at administration parking lot (cut down 1987). Roadside, Arundel Place, West Annapolis June 2002.

496. Quercus stellata Wang. 1787. B&B.72

[Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sargent] Shr.426

(Post Oak)

Native tree. Structure coarser than white oak. Leathery leaves have distinct cross shape, and are borne at the end of straight twigs.

Habitat: "Sandy or sterile soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Impoverished sandy soils; Dry uplands and south-facing slopes of sandy promontories.

Frequency: "Frequent in the Coastal Zone on light, well-drained soil, is relatively most abundant on the Serpentine Barrens, frequent elsewhere in the Lower Midland, infrequent in the Upper Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).

Records: South of Annapolis 8/18/1913, I. Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, 10-15 m. tree 6/14/1966, Stieber 173 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed; City property at Edgewood Road watertower (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).

Sightings: Sullivan's Cove (Ewell property). Indian Landing Road. Warfields Branch (below Rt. 32). Pohlmans Point. Truxtun Park (one small tree). Luce Creek (a few small trees on shore at Jones' property). Chase Creek (south-facing promontory at Ozkaptan property). Holly Beach Farm (along shore at Moss Pond). Shore at College Creek Woods. Adams Park school property.

Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).

497. Quercus velutina Lam. 1783. Shr.425, B&B.79

(Black Oak)

Large heavy-limbed dark-barked native forest tree. Leaves glossy green, shape varies; deeper sinuses toward top of tree. Deadwood somewhat persistent.