Compiled by Colby B. Rucker Preface: Use of Copyrighted Material
Solanaceae (Potato Family, Nightshade Family)
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- 131. Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family)
130. Solanaceae (Potato Family, Nightshade Family) 1116. Datura stramonium L. 1753. Shr.478, B&B.841 (Jimsonweed) Stout wide-branched annual herb. Spiny pods, poisonous seeds. Native of Asia; naturalized. Large white to violet flowers. Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed" Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: Java Farm, trash pile near main building area; Ivy Neck, infrequent near corn field and old barn south of Colhoun's hog pond; Higman 501, 1008 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Sightings: Kinder Park 5/14/88. Common in soybean fields at Holly Beach Farm. Disturbed earth below State parking lot near College Creek bridge 1990. Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971). 1117. Physalis heterophylla Nees 1831 Shr.478, B&B.837 (Clammy Ground-cherry) Perennial herb, 1-3 ft., stems branching, sticky-hairy. Berry yellow. Habitat: "In rich soil" (Britton 1901). "Chiefly in sandy or alluvial soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rich soil, especially where the surface has been disturbed" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Open woods, cultivated fields, and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984). Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: Smithsonian property (1993 index to CBC herbarium). Herbaria: (CBC (CBC 1993). 1118. Physalis pubescens L. 1753. B&B.837 (Low Hairy Ground-cherry) Native annual spreading herb. Habitat: "In sandy soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry woods and openings" (Brown & Brown 1984). Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971). 1119. Physalis subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush 1902. B&B.839 (Physalis philadelphica Man.) (Smooth Ground-cherry) Wide-branching native perennial herb.
1120. Physalis virginiana Mill. 1768. Shr.478, B&B.839 (Virginia Ground-cherry) Erect native perennial herb.
1121. Solanum americanum Mill. B&B.834 (American Black Nightshade) Black-berried erect native annual herb. Similar to S. nigrum. Habitat: "In dry open woods, fields and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968). Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on crest of sandbar of "fresh" cut-off pond below Sand Point, Higman 1222 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Lot 705, 9/24/1988). Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971). 1122. Solanum carolinense L. Shr.478, B&B.834 (Horse-nettle) Yellow-berried native erect prickly perennial herb. Flowers white or pale lavender. Habitat: "In dry fields and in waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed...in pastures, cultivated fields and waste land" (Jaques 1959). Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: Near St. James Church, common in grassy fields 6/11/1967, Stieber 454 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 6/11/1966, Stieber 455 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Stevens Farm, infrequent in old fields, Higman 45, 133 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971). 1123. Solanum dulcamara L. Shr.478, B&B.833 (Bittersweet Nightshade, Climbing Nightshade) Red-berried climbing perennial herb. European; escape from cultivation. Habitat: "In moist waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956). Frequency: "Throughout the state, infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1990). 1124. Solanum nigrum L. 1753. Shr.478, B&B.834 (Black Nightshade) Black-berried, low, branching, spreading native (cosmopolitan) annual herb. Similar to S. americanum.
1125. Solanum sarachoides Sendtner B&B.834 Green-berried branching annual herb naturalized from South America.
1126. Agalinis maritima (Raf.) Raf. 1836. Shr.481 B&B.871 (Gerardia maritima Raf. 1808) (Marsh Gerardia, Sea-side Agalinis, Saltmarsh Agalinis) Low (4-12") native fleshy-leaved annual herb. Corolla purplish-pink.
1127. Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell B&B.871 [Agalinis purpurea (L.) Britton] (Gerardia racemulosa Pennell 1911) (Gerardia purpurea L. 1753 Shr.481 Erect 8-20" native branching annual herb. Corolla bright purple. Habitat: "Low grounds" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist fields, thickets, and boggy places" (Grimm 1968). Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: No locale 10/25/1879 (As G. purpurea), J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Shore at Marley Bridge (Plitt 9/6/1899). Churchton, border of a woods on Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Edgewater, infrequent in roadside ditch near junction of Mayo Road and Rt. 214, opposite new school, Higman 1382 (As G. purpurea; Higman 1977). Herbaria: CBC. US. 1128. Agalinis setacea (Walt.) Raf. 1836 B&B.871 [Gerardia setacea (Walt.) J. F. Gmel.] (Gerardia holmiana Greene 1899) (Thread-leaved Agalinis, Thread-leaved Gerardia) Erect 8-28" much-branched native annual herb. Corolla pink. Habitat: "Dry grounds" (Gray 1867). "Sandy barrens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry sandy woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984). Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 - Highly State Rare. Endangered. County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987. 1129. Aureolaria virginica (L.) BSP B&B.870 [Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell] [Gerardia virginica (L.) BSP] [Dasystoma virginica (L.) Britton 1894] [Gerardia quercifolia (L.) Pursh. 1814] Strausbaugh & Core (1958) state that the Downy Yellow Foxglove (G. virginica) is G. flava of authors, not Linnaeus. Brown & Brown (1984) agree, showing A. virginica as "finely pubescent". However, Gray 1867, Britton 1901, Robinson & Fernald 1908, and Britton & Brown 1913 used G. flava or D. flava for this downy-stemmed plant, and careful evaluation of old records is suggested. (Downy False Foxglove, Downy Yellow Foxglove) Downy-stemmed native perennial herb.
1130. Chelone glabra L. 1753. Shr.479, B&B.857 (White Balmony) Native perennial herb. Corolla white.
1131. Chelone obliqua L. 1767. B&B.857 (Red Turtlehead, Purple Turtlehead, Oblique Turtlehead) Native perennial herb. Corolla purple. Habitat: "In wet thickets and along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913). wet woods, swamps. Often with Impatiens capensis. Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Threatened. 1994 & 2001: S1 (Highly State Rare), Threatened. Records: Apparently known from three county stations. (1). E. of Upper Marlboro in an acidic bog 9/20/1924, Edgar Wherry (US) (Stieber 1967). Found Sept. 1924 in a roadside ditch near Hills Bridge, in A. A. Co. (on the road from Washington to Upper Marlboro and Annapolis) (Wherry, 1928). Swamp along the Patuxent R. near Waysons Corner 8/25/1925, Neiss E. H. Niemeyer (US) (Stieber 1967). Swamp along the Patuxent R. near Waysons Corner 8/28/1925, Ed. Wherry & Francis Pennell (US) (Stieber 1967). (2). Severn R. at Rt. 50, moist woods 11/12/1949, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Found in 1949 in a "moist woods near the Severn River at Hwy. 301" (This was apparently near Severn Run; a 1946 roadmap shows Route 301 crossing Severn Run where Route 3 is now; Route 301 did not cross the estuary until the "new" Severn River bridge was built in 1953). (3). One county wooded-swamp station (near Jug Bay) mapped by Sipple 1978. Listed for Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary May 1990. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971). 1132. Gratiola neglecta Torr. B&B.854 (Neglected Hedge-hyssop) Small (4-16") annual herb.
1133. Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumort 1802. Shr.479, B&B.855 (Antirrhinum canadense L. 1753) (Linaria canadensis Spreng.) (Old-field Toadflax, Wild Toadflax, Blue Toadflax) Slender biennial or annual native herb. Corolla light blue-violet. Habitat: "Sandy soil" (Gray 1867). Dry sandy or sterile soil; fields and roadsides. Frequency: "Throughout the state; common, particularly on the light soils of the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: Shore of the Severn above Valentine Creek Aug. 1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner, sandy soil in a Field 4/30/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). "SE of Annapolis near the Magothy" 7/8/1950, H. G. Deignan (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, sandy soil 6/14/1966 & 5/2/1967, Stieber (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in corn fields and along tractor trails, Higman 657 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (See The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001). Sightings: Field north side of Indian Landing Road. Chase Creek watershed (clearing near Ruckers Pond ca. 1985, later died out). Kinder Park 5/14/88. Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971). 1134. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell B&B.850 [Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnhart 1899] [Ilysanthes gratioloides (L.) Benth. 1846] Shr.480 (Gratiola dubia L. 1753) (Yellowseed False-pimpernel, Long-stalked False Pimpernel) Low annual native herb.
1135. Mazus japonicus (Thunb.) Kuntze B&B.850 (Japanese Mazus) Low perennial naturalized Asiatic herb. Habitat: Lawns. Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). 1136. Melampyrum lineare Desr. B&B.876 (Melampyrum lineare Lam. 1797) Shr.481 (Melampyrum americanum Michx.) (Narrow-leaved Cow-wheat) Native erect branching annual herb 6-12" high. May "behave as a root parasite" (see Chrysler in Shreve et al 1910, p.180). Habitat: "Open woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In dry woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry to moist woods, bogs, rocky barrens" (Niering & Olmstead 1979). Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Occurs plentifully in dry woods in our region" (Chrysler in Shreve et al 1910, p.180) Records: Herald Harbor, in a sandy oak woods 8/17/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Shadyside, woods (date unknown, but possibly 7/22/1951), L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Dorr's Corner, at the Severn Run 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424 7/27/1966, Stieber 465 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Old sand pit NW of Earleigh Heights Road 7/20/1991 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Sightings: Path along Severn shore near Sewell Spring Branch. Wooded promontory on Saltworks Creek at Epping Forest. Truxtun Park. Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971). 1137. Mimulus alatus Ait. B&B.852 (Mimulus alatus Soland 1789) Shr.479 (Sharp-winged Monkey-flower) Perennial herb. Petioled leaves, 4-angled stem, corolla violet.
1138. Mimulus ringens L. Shr.479, B&B.852 (Square-stemmed Monkey-flower) Perennial herb. Sessile leaves, 4-angled stem, corolla violet. Habitat: "Wet places" (Gray 1967). "In fresh marshes, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet woods, swamps, and ditch banks" (Brown & Brown 1984). Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent over most of Maryland; less so on the southern Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984). Records: Magothy River headwaters 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Floodplain, upper part of Marley Creek 8/9/1991 (Sipple 1993). Sightings: Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom pc 1991). 1139. Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. B&B.290 [Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Baill. 1888] Shr.479 (Bignonia tomentosa Thunb. 1784) (Paulownia, Princess-tree) Large tree introduced from Asia. Escape from cultivation. Habitat: Deep rich moist soils; disturbed areas. Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: Java Farm, solitary at southwest corner of main buildings (site now destroyed); Ivy Neck, solitary on shore of brackish large cut-off pond on Cheston Peninsula; also noted along tributary of South Fork of Muddy Creek (Lansdale Estate - Essex), Higman 1054 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Iliff properties; also Winchester Road). Meredith Creek (Corrin Strong estate). Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971). 1140. Penstemon digitalis (Sweet) Nutt. 1833-37 Shr.479, B&B.859 (Chelone digitalis Sweet 1825-27) (Foxglove Beard-tongue, Tall White beard-tongue) Perennial herb, 2-4 ft., showy flowers in lose panicle. Corolla tubular, white. Seeds wingless.
(Chaffseed) Erect perennial herb. Habitat: "In wet sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Sandy soils and woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1984). Frequency: Last reported from Maryland in 1893 (Brown & Brown 1984). Heritage Rating: 1988: A2 (Nationally threatened). 1991: Endangered Extirpated. County Occurrence: One old A. A. Co. station reported searched 1979, no plants seen (Broome et al Dec. 1979). 1142. Scrophularia marilandica L. 1753 Shr.479, B&B.857 (Maryland Figwort) Tall (3-8') perennial herb.
(Moth-mullein) Erect (2-6') biennial herb naturalized from Europe. 5-petaled flower yellow, in terminal racemes.
1144. Verbascum blattaria L. forma albiflora (Don) House B&B: Not listed. (White Moth-mullein)
1145. Verbascum thapsus L. 1753. Shr.479, B&B.846 (Common Mullein, Great Mullein) Tall (2-6') biennial herb naturalized from Europe. Velvety basal leaves & wooly stem. Sulfur-yellow flowers. Habitat: "Old fields, grassy slopes, and abandoned lots" (Fogg 1956). "Fields, roadsides, waste places" (Niering & Olmstead 1979). Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: Rt. 424, off roadside near Rt. 3, fairly open area at the edge of a woods 6/26/1966, Stieber 460 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in old fields and along roadsides, also on high bluff above Canninghouse Cove; noted along Contees Wharf Road; Higman 43 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). W.B.& A. R.R. r/w at Manresa. Hacketts Point. Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971). 1146. Veronica arvensis L. 1753. Shr.480, B&B.862 (Corn Speedwell) Low (3-10") annual or winter annual herb naturalized from Europe. Tiny, bright violet-blue flowers. Habitat: "In dry forests, fields and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...In dry pastures, lawns and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Waste places, pastures, open woods, cultivated ground" (Niering & Olmstead 1979). Records: Manresa, moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 462 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond 6/14/1966 & 5/2/1967, Stieber 463 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on spring house road (calcareous site), Higman 608 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991). Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971). 1147. Veronica hederaefolia L. 1753. B&B.862 (Ivy-leaved Speedwell) Low annual naturalized herb. Habitat: Lawns, grassy slopes, fields and thickets. Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, at the edge of a field 3/20/1966, Stieber 464 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along spring house road and abundant on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek upstream from entrance road, Higman 564, 629 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). College Creek watershed (State Capitol complex 3/15/89). Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971). 1148. Veronica officinalis L. 1753 Shr.480, B&B.865 (Common Speedwell) Pubescent prostrate perennial herb. Racemes axialliary. Leaves narrowed at base. Habitat: "In woods, and rather dry brushy pastures, throughout Europe and Russian and central Asia" (Bentham & Hooker VII 1924). "Dry hills and open woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry fields and woods" (Britton 1901). "In dry fields and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984). Records: "W" Section (Fort Meade), Rieves Pond (Longbottom 1993). 1149. Veronica peregrina L. 1753. Shr.480, B&B.862 (Purslane Speedwell, Neckweed) Native annual or winter annual herb. 3-12" high. Flowers white.
1150. Veronica persica Poir. B&B.862 (Bird's Eye Speedwell) Annual or winter annual herb from Asia. Habitat: "Waste and cultivated ground" (Gray 1867). "Lawns and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984). Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). 1151. Veronica serpyllifolia L. 1753 Shr.480, B&B.865 (Thyme-leaved Speedwell) Perennial herb, naturalized from Europe. Stem creeping, much branched. Flowers very small, pale blue or white, in terminal spikes. Habitat: "In pastures, fields, and waste places, in Europe and Russian and central Asia" (Bentham & Hooker VII 1924). "In fields and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp, grassy places" (Brown & Brown 1984). Frequency: "Midland Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in Midland and D.C. area; occasional on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984). Records: Smithsonian property (1993 index to CBC herbarium). Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). Directory: corner corner -> Cornerstone Tutorial, Inc. 2012. 2013 Directory corner -> Environmental Engineering Services Download 4.23 Mb. Share with your friends:
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