Contents background and Summary of Discussions in Fifth Dean’s Committee meetings New Initiatives
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- Environmental Science and Agro ecology 1+0 Theory
- Principles of Genetics 2+1 Theory
- Fundamentals of Plant Propagation and Nursery Management 1+1 Theory
- Dry land Horticulture 1+1 Theory
- Introductory Plant Pathology and Nematology 1+1 Theory
- Diseases of Host Plants of Silkworms 1+1 Theory
- Principles of Seed Science and Technology 2+1 Theory
- Fundamentals of Soil Science 2+1 Theory
- Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 1+1 Theory
- STUDENT READY-EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING PROGRAMME/ELP+RHWE 40 (0+40)
- EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING PROGRAMME (ELP)
- Host Plants Production Technology for Mulberry and Non-mulberry silkworms ( 0+5)
- Value Addition to Mulberry and Non-Mulberry by products ( 0+5)
- Farm Mechanization ( 0+5)
- Module-II Cocoon Crop Production (0+20) Seri-Clinic (0+5)
- Bivoltine Silkworm Rearing technology (0+5)
Practicals: Identification of important trees, seeds and seedlings: Study of nursery techniques- Trench and mound plantation, pit plantation: Study of different types of plantations: Visit to agro-forestry and farm forestry plots: Measurement of volume of standing trees: Study of wood formation: study of wood specimens and non-timber forest products. Visit to a nearby National Park and forest.
Theory: Introduction to Environmental Science, Bio-geochemical cycles; O and Water Cycles Global warming or green house effect on enhanced carbon dioxide levels on productivity of ecosystems. Air pollution- industrial pollution of air and its consequences on the ecosystem. Impact on ozone layer. Effect of UV-B radiation on plant ecosystem. Water pollution - Industrial effluents, domestic effluents, pesticide pollution. Aquatic ecosystems- types and management. Environmental impact assessment, pollution indicator species, Biological diversity and loss of biodiversity and their causes, Approaches to conserve biological diversity.
Theory: Cell division; Mitosis-stages and significance; meosis- stages and significance; differences between mitosis and mneosis. Crossing over- mechanism and factors affecting it. Introduction to genetics, brief historical background. Mendel’s laws of inheritance and exception to the laws. Multiple alleles-pleiotropism-penetrance and expressivity, Gene action-intra-genic interaction-complete, incomplete/partial dominance and co-dominance; intergenic interaction (Epistatis)-digenic interaction, type with examples. Linkage: types, detection, estimation and exploitation, sex linkage- sex limited and sex influenced traits, sex determination, mechanism with examples. Introduction to quantitative genetics, quantitative traits and qualitative traits and differences between them, multiple factor hypothesis. Cytoplasmic inheritance- its characteristic features and differences between chromosomal / nuclear and cytoplasmic inheritance, maternal effect. DNA and its structures, functions, types models of replication and repair. RNA and its structures, function and types. Central dogma of molecular biology; transcription, translation, genetic code, its features.Gene regulation-Lac operon as a model. Chromosome structure, morphology - karyotype and ideogram. Ultrastructure of cell and cell organelles and their functions. Chromosomal aberrations - numerical (Euploidy with examples: wheat, tobacco, cotton, Brassica and Aneuploidy) and structural (deletion, duplication, inversions and translocations) aberrations. Mutation- its characteristic features/salient features of mutagens and their classification with examples. (CLB technique may be omitted) Practicals: Microscopy (Light microscopes and electron microscopes); Preparation and use of fixatives and stains for light microscopy; Preparation of micro slides and identification of various stages of mitosis; Preparation of micro slides and identification of various stages of meiosis; Problems on Monohybrid ratio and its modifications & multiple alleles; Problems on Dihybrid ratio. Statistical testing of segregation of traits as per Mendelian Principles, χ2 test and its application. Solving problems on digenic interaction.Problems solving on digenic interaction continued; problems on polygenic inheritance and gene mapping. Solving problems on autosomic and sex linkage.
Theory: Need and potentialities for plant multiplication, sexual and asexual methods of propagation, advantages and disadvantages. Seed dormancy (scarification & stratification) internal and external factors, nursery techniques, apomixes – mono-embrony, polyembrony, chimera & bud sport. Propagation Structures: Mist chamber, humidifiers, greenhouses, glasshouses, cold frames, hot beds, poly-houses, nursery (tools and implements), use of growth regulators in seed and vegetative propagation, methods and techniques of cutting, layering, grafting and budding physiological & bio chemical basis of rooting, factors influencing rooting of cuttings and layering, graft incompatibility. Anatomical studies of bud union, selection and maintenance of mother trees, collection of scion wood stick, scion-stock relationship and their influences, bud wood certification, techniques of propagation through specialized organs, corm, runners, suckers. Micrografting, hardening of plants in nurseries. Nursery registration act. Insect/pest/disease control in nursery. Practicals: Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds, pot and mist chamber. Preparation of nursery beds and sowing of seeds.Raising of rootstock.Seed treatments for breaking dormancy and inducing vigorous seedling growth.Preparation of plant material for potting. Hardening plants in the nursery. Practicing different types of cuttings, layering, graftings and buddings including opacity and grafting etc.Use of mist chamber in propagation and hardening of plants.Preparation of plant growth regulators for seed germination and vegetative propagation. Visit to a tissue culture laboratory. Digging, labeling and packing of fruit plants. Maintenance of nursery records. Use of different types of nursery tools and implements for general nursery and virus tested plant material in the nursery. Cost of establishment of a mist chamber, greenhouse, glasshouse, polyhouse and their maintenance. Top grafting, bridge grafting and nursery management.Nutrient and plant protection applications during nursery.
Theory: Introduction and scope of dry land horticulture. Definition & history of dry land farming in World and India. Area, production, productivity of dryland crops. Cropping pattern, rainfall pattern and distribution. Features of dry land areas and crops. Strategies for dry land crops. Systems of planting. Production technology of dry land crops – Mango, Cashew, Jack, Sapota, Tamarind, Wood apple, Jamun, Guava, Carambola, Amla, Sitaphal, Fig, Ber, Karonda, drumstick. Soil and Water conservation Techniques and practices in orchards, mulches. Integrated Nutrient and Water Management, drip and pitcher irrigation. Employment potential, income generating Agro based enterprises (dairy, Poultry, Sericulture, Piggery, Sheep and Goat farming) crop protection, yield attributes and quality. Dry land horticulture as an alternate strategy. Propagating material for dry land condition, green houses. Problems and prospectus of dry land horticulture. Economics of dry land orcharding. Practical : Study of special features of crops for dry land horticulture, Layout systems in dry land horticulture, Study of soil management practices, Study of water conservation methods, Study of different mulches, Study of cropping pattern ,Study of Agroclimatic zones, Study of propagation methods, Study of Insitu grafting and top working, Study of antitranspirents in field condition, Visit to watershed areas, Study of the growth and performance of dry land crops – visit to different orchards, Visit to orchards – study of water harvesting techniques, Visit to orchards – study the field problems.
Theory: Introduction, scope and objectives of plant pathology. Importance of plant diseases.History and development of plant pathology.Definition and concept of plant diseases. Causes of plant diseases viz., biotic, abiotic and plant viruses with representative examples of diseases caused by them. Symptoms of plant diseases. General characteristics of plant pathogens viz., Prokaryotes: their classification according to Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Classification of fungi. Classification of viruses, mollicutes and nematodes.Growth and reproduction of plant pathogens and replication of plant viruses.Liberation/ dispersal of plant pathogens and survival of plant pathogens. Types of parasitism and variability in plant pathogens. Practicals: Study of laboratory equipments. Study of symptoms of plant diseases caused by fungi, viruses, bacteria, nematodes and mollicutes. Collection and preservation of plant disease specimens. Study of morphology of fungi, viruses, bacteria, nematodes and phytoplasma. Study of life cycle of major groups of fungal pathogens viz., Oomycota, Ascomycota (including Deuteromycetes and Basidiomycota).Macroscopic and microscopic examination of plant pathogens, including staining techniques for bacteria. Preparation of culture media and sterilization. Different methods of isolation and purification of fungi, bacteria, viruses and extraction of nematodes. Study of different methods of artificial inoculation or transmission and proving Koch’s postulates for different plant pathogens.Study of liberation of fungal spores.Study of micrometry and camera Lucida. Field visit to get acquainted with disease symptoms.
Theory: Economic importance, symptoms, causes, epidemiology, disease cycle/life cycle and integrated management of diseases of Morus alba, Ricinus communis, Manihot utilisima, Michilius champaka, Zizypus spp., Machilus bombycina, Shorea robhusta, Ailanthus spp., and other hosts of silkworms. Epidemiology, development of epidemics, disease forecasting; crop loss assessment. Principles and methods of plant disease management: Avoidance of the pathogen: Choice of geographical area, selection of field and planting stock. Exclusion: Plant quarantine regulations and inspections, Post entry quarantine. Eradication: Cultural and physical methods of eradication and inoculum reduction. Biological methods: Crops rotation, use of trap crops, plant and plant products, use of biological control agents, their mass multiplication mechanisms of biocontrol. Breeding for disease resistance: Types of resistance, Development of resistant varieties, induced resistance. Protection chemical methods: Nature, classification, mode of action and formulations of fungicides, bactericides antibiotics and nematicides; methods of applications of chemicals. Application of biotechnology in plant disease management. Effect of plant protection chemicals on the health of silkworms and silk yields and approaches in minimizing their residual toxicity. Practicals : Study of symptoms, etiology and life cycle/disease cycle of the diseases of Morus alba, Ricinus communis, Manihot utilisima, Michilius champaka, Zizypus spp., Quarcus spp., Machilus bombycina, Shorea robhusta, Ailanthus spp., and other hosts of silkworms. Study of fungicides, bactericides, nematicides and methods of applications. Isolation, mass multiplication of Biocontrol agents and their bioassay. Study of plant protection equipments. Evaluation of plant protection chemicals against pathogens of silkworm host plants. Testing the residual toxicity of plant protection chemicals on silkworm health and silk output. (Submission of 15 well preserved disease specimens and 15 semi-permanent slides depicting different plant pathogens).
Theory: Quality seed and its importance in agriculture; difference between seed and grain, concept of seed quality; seed technology-definitions, objectives and it’s role in increasing agricultural production; seed improvement programmes in India and Karnataka; Reproductive process in crop plants- sexual and asexual reproductive, apomixes, seed formation and development; general principles of seed production, seed replacement and multiplication rates, generation system of seed production- breeder seed, foundation seed, certified seed and truthful seeds; Maintenance of genetic purity, causes for varietal deterioration, male sterility concepts and it’s use in hybrid seed production; Nucleus and Breeder seed production of newly released and established varieties of self pollinated crops like rice, wheat, soybean, chickpea, pigeon pea, rapeseed, mustard etc; inbred and non-inbred lines; Foundation and Certified seed production of maize hybrids, single and double cross hybrids; hybrid seed production of sunflower, sorghum, pearl millet and rice using male sterility system; Latest released hybrids, their parentage, characteristics; seed production of wheat, rice, soybean, grams, sunflower, pigeon pea, groundnut, castor, cotton etc., seed production in some important vegetables like onion, brinjal, chillies, tomato, bhendi and gourds etc. Certification- it’s concepts, role and goals, seed certification agencies, certified and truthfully labeled seeds, minimum certification standards for self and cross pollinated crops, field and seed inspection, its objectives; Seed Act and Seed Rules; Seed Legislation and Seed Law Enforcement, Seed Control Orders, Seed Policies, Seed Bills, WTO, IPR, PBR in India and recent development in Indian Seed Industry, Seed quality regulations; seed processing-cleaning, grading, seed treatment methods, bagging and storage-factors affecting seed quality in storage, orthodox and recalcitrant seeds, storage pests and disease control; seed testing-principles and methods of sampling, purity analysis, seed moisture, germination, viability and vigor; cultivar purity testing- ODV, electrophoresis and grow-out tests for seed genetic purity, seed health etc; seed dormancy causes and breaking methods; seed marketing, organizations, seed pricing, promotion of quality seeds and seed marketing strategies etc. Practicals: Study of reproductive systems in crop plants-floral biology, pollination and fertilization; classification of seeds based on their usage, preparation of seed album; study of seed structure in monocots and dicots; study of seed production in major crops- MS lines, pollen shedders, off-types, emasculation and pollination techniques; study of seed processing equipments- plan and layout; study of seed testing equipments, seed testing methods- seed sampling, seed purity test, seed moisture, seed germination tests, seed viability and vigor, seed health tests etc., seed dormancy breaking methods; Visit to seed production plots, seed processing plants, public and private seed enterprises.
Theory: Soil- Pedological and edaphalogical concepts. Soil Science-scope and branches of soil science. Earth spheres and composition of earth crust. Minerals-classification, formation and properties of silicate and non silicate minerals, Rocks-classification, formation and properties of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Weathering-type, factors of weathering, products of weathering; Soil formation-soil forming factors and soil forming processes. Soil profile-master horizons, subordinate horizons. Soil physical properties-Soil texture-classification of soil separates, properties of soil separates, Particle size analysis- Stokes law-assumptions and limitations, textural classes. Soil structure-classification, soil aggregates, evaluation of soil structure, significance. Pore space-types, factors affecting porosity, manipulation. Bulk density and particle density- relationships, factors, significance and manipulation. Soil colour-factors, attributes and significance. Soil consistency-forms, factors, limits and significance. Soil crusting- factors and significance. Soil temperature-thermal properties of soils, flow of heat, soil temperature regimes, influence of soil temperature on plant growth. Soil air-composition, gaseous exchange, influence of soil air on plant growth. Soil water-classification, potentials, soil moisture constants, movement of soil water, infiltration, percolation, hydraulic conductivity. Soil survey- types and methods.Soil classification-systems of classification. Soil taxonomy-advantages, structure, formative elements, diagnostic horizons, keys to soil orders. Soils of Karnataka and India. Practicals: Study of general properties of minerals; Study of minerals-silicate and non-silicate minerals; Study of rocks-igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; study of a soil profile; Collection and processing of soil for analysis; Study of soil texture-feel method, mechanical analysis; Determination of bulk density, particle density and soil porosity; Determination of soil colour; Study of soil structure and aggregate analysis; Determination of soil moisture, Determination of soil moisture constants-field capacity; water holding capacity; Study of infiltration rate of soil; Study of soil temperature.
Theory: Plant nutrients - classification and sources; Essential and beneficial elements, criteria of essentiality, forms of nutrients in soil, mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors affecting availability of major, secondary and micro nutrients to plants. Measures to overcome deficiencies and toxicities. Soil fertility- different approaches for soil fertility evaluation; Soil testing for available nutrients; Critical levels of different nutrients in soil. Plant analysis- total and rapid tissue tests- critical levels of nutrients in plants; DRIS method; Deficiency symptoms-indicator plants. Biological method of soil fertility evaluation. Soil test based fertilizer recommendations to crops. Factors influencing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in respect of N, P, K, S, Fe and Zn fertilizers. Source, method and scheduling of nutrients for different soils and crops grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Integrated plant nutrient supply system and its management. Practicals : Analytical Instruments- principles, calibration and applications; Estimation of available nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium and available sulphur in soil; Estimation of exchangeable calcium and magnesium in soil, Estimation of available micronutrients in soils; Preparation of plant samples for analysis; Estimation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants.
Students will practically gain hands on expertise for a semester in host plant production, cocoon crop production, silk product science and natural resource management In one semester students will be placed in grainage, seri clinic, silk product technology centre, silk byproduce value addition and rural extension work in sericulture command areas.
A student has to register for 20 credits with major load (0+15 Sericulture) being in one area /module and the rest from another module (elective 0+5) in the seventh semester.
Mulberry and Non-Mulberry Host Plant Nursery Management (0+5): Maintenance of popular mulberry and non-mulberry varietal stock: acquainting with popular mulberry varietal stock, weeding and inter-cultivation, irrigation, nutrient management, pest management. Preparation of nursery: procurement of seed, sand, red earth and manure, preparation of pot mixture, preparation of raised nursery beds, filling in of poly cover with pot mixture. Selection and preparation of planting material: harvesting the shoots for raising nursery, stalling of planting material, preparation of cuttings, treatment of cuttings, planting in nursery beds and in poly cover. Nursery management: watering, weeding, nutrient management, pest management. Economics of nursery management: cost factors and their estimates, price fixation, sales and returns, benefit to cost ratio, preparation of viable project proposals. Host Plants Production Technology for Mulberry and Non-mulberry silkworms (0+5) Separate gardens for chawki and late age silkworm rearing: Systems of planting in mulberry and non-mulberry, chawki - variety and area of chawki garden, Late age - variety and area of late age garden, suitability of varieties for silkworm rearing. Planting system, Irrigation, INM and IPM in mulberry: Wider spacing and paired row spacing, drip irrigation layout for mulberry, frequency and quantum of irrigation, integrated nutrient management, weeding, management of pests. Inter-cultivation and intercropping in mulberry: Inter-cultural operations, raising suitable intercrops. Harvesting and preservation of mulberry leaves: Leaf harvesting and pruning skills in chawki garden, leaf harvesting and pruning skills in late age garden, preservation of harvested leaves, estimation of leaf yield. Economics of mulberry production: Inputs and their costs, price fixation, sales and returns, benefit cost ratio. Value Addition to Mulberry and Non-Mulberry by products (0+5) Sources of biomass: Collection of waste from mulberry garden and rearing house, separation and preparation of hard (Stumps and stubbles) and soft waste (leaves and silkworm excreta), collection of green biomass from other sources. Conversion of the collected biomass: Procedure for Indore, Bangalore, Japanese and vermin-composting methods, planning and construction of structures for composting, filling and sealing of compost pits and their maintenance, Collection and storage of compost. Production of enriched compost: Enrichment of compost, Addition of microbial cultures to hasten conversion, increase nutrient content and act against soil pathogens. Effective use of sericultural waste: Utilization in biogas production, Utilization in mushroom production and other purposes. Farm Mechanization (0+5) To study advantage of farm mechanization & its limitations. Different agriculture operations which can be mechanized during crop production. Operation of different farm implements/ machinery and their attachments. To acquaint with different tractors manufactures in the country. Care and maintenance of tractors Daily, weekly, monthly & yearly. Operation of different types of ploughs available for crop production, MB plough and others. Care & maintenance of ploughs operation of Chisel plough & Subsoiler. Operation of different types of harrows in the agriculture operation care and maintenance. Different types of cultivators used in crop production, care and maintenance. Operation of different seed drills, bullock drawn/ Tractor drawn Operation of harvester, mowers, care & maintenance. Operation of Thresher suitable for different crops care and maintenance and adjustment. Visit to Custom Hiring centre and acquaint with the system of operation and find out the feasibility of starting a custom hiring centre under self employment programme.
Seri-Clinic (0+5) Soil health diagnosis, INM practices to improve the soil and plant health, identification of deficiency symptoms in mulberry and acquainting with remedial measures. Diagnosis of pest and diseases of silkworm and acquainting with remedial measures. Assessment of quality of the inputs-leaf and DFLs. Survey of problematic mulberry garden and rearing houses and find out the remedies for the cause. Assessment of toxicity, their nature, level and suggest remedies. Development of INM and IDPM schedules for management of Nutrition and pest and diseases in mulberry. Bivoltine Silkworm Rearing technology (0+5) Garden management for quality mulberry leaf production, INM in mulberry, harvesting index, harvesting and preservation of leaf. Disinfection of rearing house and appliances, hygiene measures in rearing house. Procurement of quality DFLs, incubation, block boxing, calculation of hatching percentage, brushing, chawki rearing. Management of rearing environment, manipulation of environment at different conditions, handling of equipment and machinery in environment management. Late age silkworm rearing: feed management, spacing, bed management, feed additives in INM of silkworms, moult management. Disease management, bed disinfection, early identification of diseases symptoms and prophylactic measures to check the diseases spread. Identification of ripe worms, picking, mounting, maintenance of environment in mountage shed, harvesting, sorting, grading and marketing of cocoons. Calculation of B/C ratio, planning of rearing operations and project preparations. Download 8.6 Mb. Share with your friends:
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