Department of english, jahangirnagar university

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104assignment Natyashastra Roll 916

COURSE NAME
Bharata muni

B.A.(HONS.) FIRST YEAR TUTORIAL
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH,

JAHANGIRNAGAR UNIVERSITY

^NAME:^{Shithi Nabila}

^{Roll No:}⁹¹⁶

^{REGISTRATION No:}^20201551286

^SESSION:^2019-20

^{COURSE NO:}^E104

^{COURSE NAME:}^{INTRODUCTION TO DRAMA & THEATRE}
Question: Discuss Bharata Muni's Natyasastro with special references to Bhava,Vibhavas,Anubhavas,Rasa, Rasa theory and spectator.

Answer:
Whenever we discuss any performing art or drama or any literary term, the first thing that comes to our mind is Bharata Muni's "Natya Shastra". In our sub continent, it has been the enormous wealth of a compendium of performed art. If we think about tradition, it is considered as an additional 'Veda' which has been so important in the history of Indian literary thought. Written in Sanskrit and too deep to understand, Natyashastra contains every detailed description of the prevalent modes of art performance where each word of Natyashastra was found meaningful and was the sophistication of the art practices as well as art criticism. In an easy way, Natyashastra is a compendium of performing arts; here performed art indicates drama, music and dance- a trio combination. If we differentiate the word, we can easily understand it. "Natya" is a Sanskrit word meaning 'drama' or we can say 'performing art' and the 'shastra' refers to a kind of bible or scripture; in a sense, a theoretical treatise. The Natyashastra was used through the fifteen hundreds years of Sanskrit literary thought as the bedrock of literary theory. To many, it has been a great theological scripture. It is a veda that contains thirty three chapters and 6000 shlokas. All the slokas contain meaningful, deep and spiritual directions towards us.
Bharata muni:

The author of Natyashastra, Bharata Muni is considered the father of Indian theatrical art forms. Bharat Muni was an ancient Indian theatrologist and musicologist as well. His literary and philosophical way of thinking is far away from our sufficiency of understanding. His Natya Shastra's full version had been in existence before the third century but by then, it had taken a definitive shape. Though no one is sure about his biography but with some little source it came to a point that he is dated to 200 BCE and 200 CE but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE. Aesthetic and spiritual contemplation was his main component of Natyashastra.

Natya shastra is a deception to the emotions yet an aesthetic relish if we can feel it. From Indian mythology, there is a humongous story after Natyashastra where it is believed that Natyashastra was composed from god's indication. It is meant to be for inner peace, relief and entertainment. This tremendous composition of literary veda contains 36 chapters where the 7th is about 'Bhava'.
Bhava is a manifestation of emotional states. It is related to our feelings that's why it is called 'Bhava'. It brings about poetic contents through words, physical gesture and movement, psycho- physical representations ; hence the name 'bhavas'. From Bhava, the part 'bhu' is a root denoting instrumentation or causation (in Sanskrit - karana). It is considered that the moon is connected with the mind and the Sun is with the soul. This is how bhava is connected to emotions. The basics of the Bhava is explained in a better way in Natyashastra. Bhavas are the meaning of a theme including words, physical gesture and emotions. It conveys the meaning intended by a person . According to Bharat Muni's Natya Shastra, there are three different forms of Bhavas; "Sthaayi Bhava", "Vyabhichari Bhavas" and "Saattvika Bhava".

Here, 33 modes of bhavas but, including these three forms, a total 49 modes of bhavas according to those three modes which are related to Anubhavas, Vyabhichari bhavas and Rasas.

Sthaayi Bhavas are related to Rasa directly. It expresses involuntary and voluntary - both. Involuntary is something related to anubhavas and voluntary is to vyabhichari bhavas. Though, sthaayi bhavas are explained separately in rasa, here is the figure of sthaayi bhavas:

•Sringara •Veera

•Hasya •Bhayanaka

•Karuna •Vibhatsa

•Raudra •Adbhuta
The others are:

1)Rati ; it explains about love which is a feeling of pleasure. It performed sweetly and gracefully.

2)Hasya ; It means laughter. It is expressed by a smile, gentle laughter and guffaw.
3) Soka ; Soka means grief which is expressed by collapsing on the ground or by repeated lamentations and uneasy movement, sighs and shaking head, knitted eyebrows and so on.
4)Anger ; Biting lips or looking down and wiping the perspiration looking like mad at someone can be the expression of anger.
5)Veer ; Energy or vigour is named as veer here. This is a characteristic of an uttama character. Uttama character refers to someone good. It is used to express clarity, cleverness.
6)Raudra ; Fear- expressed by drooping limbs, hands and legs shaking, fearful eyes etc.
7)Vibhatsa ; Disgust - only in the case of females and low characters which is expressed by holding the nose, by looking doubtfully or disgusted etc.
8)Adbhuta ; it is an expression of wonder. An expression of extreme joy and pleasure produces amazement at the fulfillment.

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