Economic Impacts of National Heritage Areas; Summary Results from Seven National Heritage Area Visitor Surveys
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Economic Impacts of National Heritage Areas; Summary Results from Seven National Heritage Area Visitor Surveys   
Daniel J. Stynes and Ya-Yen SunDepartment of Community, Agriculture, Recreation and Resource Studies Michigan State University East Lansing, MichiganJune 2004ABSTRACT. This report summarizes the results of visitor surveys and economic impact analyses for seven National Heritage Areas. Heritage visitor spending profiles for use in the MGM2 model are developed for four visitor segments: local residents, day trips from outside the local area, and overnight trips involving stays in local motels or with friends and relatives. For heritage areas without adequate visitor counts, economic impacts of visitor spending are estimated on a per 25,000 visit basis. Twenty-five thousand heritage visitors (10,000 visitor parties) spend $2.5 million in the local region. The direct impacts of this spending are $780,000 in wages and salaries, $1.2 million in value added and 51 jobs. Direct effects accrue primarily to hotels, restaurants, amusements, and retail shops in the area. Secondary effects depend on the size and structure of the local economy. Secondary employment effects range from 17% of the direct effects for rural areas to 33% for larger metropolitan regions. Based on the visitors sampled at these seven heritage areas, about two thirds of the spending and associated economic impacts would be lost to the regions in the absence of the heritage attractions. The largest impacts are from overnight visitors staying in local lodging establishments. Recommendations cover the need for better visitor counts and possible directions for future visitor surveys and evaluation studies. Table of Contents Introduction iv Methods vi Visitor Surveys vi Response Rate & Non-Response Bias for the Mailback Survey vii Economic Impact Methods viii Survey Results x Trip Characteristics and Awareness x Lodging Segments xii Spending Profiles xiv Economic Impacts of National Heritage Areas xvi Impacts of 25,000 Heritage Area Visitors xvii Attribution Issues xx
Visit Counts xxiii Visitor Surveys xxiv Economic Impacts xxvi Evaluations xxvii
Appendix 1. Sample Sizes & Sampling Locations by Heritage Area xxx Appendix 2: Definitions of Economic Terms xxxi
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