Elena Kaneva Kiril Georgiev

Kiril Georgiev

Simeon Stoqnov

Aleksandra Dimitrova

Anna Marchina

Group Project-Initial draft

Web Servers

1. 
   Web Server.
   

• 
  Description:
  

On the hardware side, a web server is a computer that stores a website's component files (e.g. HTML documents, images, CSS stylesheets, and JavaScript files) and delivers them to the end-user's device. It is connected to the Internet and can be accessed through a domain name like mozilla.org.

On the software side, a web server includes several parts that control how web users access hosted files, at minimum an HTTP server. An HTTP server is a piece of software that understands URLs (web addresses) and HTTP (the protocol your browser uses to view webpages).

At the most basic level, whenever a browser needs a file hosted on a web server, the browser requests the file via HTTP. When the request reaches the correct web server (hardware), the HTTP server (software) sends the requested document back, also through HTTP.

• 
  Kinds of web servers:
  

• 
  A static web server (stack) - a computer (hardware) with an HTTP server (software). Server sends its hosted files "as-is" to your browser.
  
• 
  A dynamic web server - a static web server plus extra software, most commonly an application server and a database. Server updates the hosted files before sending them to your browser.
  

• 
  Top Webservers:
  

• 
  Apache (Apache) - 32.80%
  
• 
  IIS (Microsoft) - 29.83%
  
• 
  Nginx (NGINX, Inc.) - 16.61%
  
• 
  GWS (Google) - 2.21%
  

1. 
   Description:
   

The server software is freely distributed, and the open source license means users can edit the underlying code to tweak performance and contribute to the future development of the program – a major source of its beloved status among its proponents. Support, fixes and development are handled by the user community and coordinated by the Apache Software Foundation.

2. 
   Features
   

• 
  Some common language interfaces support Perl, Python, Tcl, and PHP.
  
• 
  Popular authentication modules include mod_access, mod_auth, mod_digest, and mod_auth_digest, the successor to mod_digest.
  
• 
  A sample of other features include Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security support (mod_ssl), a proxy module (mod_proxy),
  
• 
  a URL rewriter (mod_rewrite),
  
• 
  custom log files (mod_log_config), and
  
• 
  filtering support (mod_include and mod_ext_filter).
  
• 
  supports virtual hosting (enables one machine to host and simultaneously server several different websites) and a number of good, well-developed GUI interfaces.
  
• 
  webpage compression to reduce their size over http
  

3. 
   Performance:
   

• 
  Feature bloat: Apache is frequently compared to MS Word – an extremely feature-rich application in which 90% of users only use about 10% of the features on a regular basis.
  
• 
  Apache is a process-based server, unlike many of its rivals that are event-based or asynchronous in nature. In a process-based server, each simultaneous connection requires a separate thread and this incurs significant overhead. An asynchronous server, on the other hand, is event-driven and handles requests in a single or very few threads.
  
  

1. 
   Description:
   

•Developer: Microsoft

•Price: Free

2. 
   Features
   

• 
  FTP publishing
  
• 
  application request routing
  
• 
  media services
  
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  URL rewriting
  
• 
  strong support for the Microsoft products
  
• 
  offers in-depth diagnostic tools such as failed request tracing, request monitoring and runtime data
  
• 
  virtual hosting support.
  
• 
  attendant high cost and security implications compared to Linux
  

2. 
   Performance:
   

1. 
   Description
   

• 
  Developer: Nginx, Inc.
  
• 
  Price: Free
  

2. 
   Features
   

• 
  Ability to handle more than 10,000 simultaneous connections with a low memory footprint
  
• 
  Modular design
  
• 
  Asynchronous web server
  
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  Reverse proxy and Load balancing capability
  
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  Low resource requirement and consumption
  
• 
  Multiple protocol support
  
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  HTTP video streaming using MP4, FLV, HDS, HLS
  

3. 
   Advantages:
   

Conclusion

1. 
   Web Framework.
   

• 
  Description:
  

• 
  Features:
  

• 
  Caching
  
• 
  Security
  
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  Database access, mapping and configuration
  
• 
  URL mapping
  
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  Ajax and etc.
  

• 
  Top Frameworks 10/10/2016:
  

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  ASP.NET - 38% of whole web
  
• 
  PHP – 37%
  
• 
  Shockwave Flash Embed – 4%
  
• 
  J2EE – 3%
  
• 
  Adobe Dreamweaver – 2%
  
• 
  Ruby on Rails – 1%
  

• 
  Top Web Languages 10/10/2016:
  

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  ASP.NET – 50% of whole web
  
• 
  PHP – 49%
  
• 
  Ruby – 1%
  

1. 
   Description:
   

• 
  Developer: Microsoft
  
• 
  Sites: 43,244,302 live websites
  
• 
  Popular sites: Microsoft.net, Amazon.com, eBay.com
  
• 
  Price: Free
  

2. 
   Features
   

• 
  Bundling and Minification Feature
  
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  Strongly Typed Data Controls
  
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  Model Binding - Isolating the Web Form from the Model
  
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  Value Providers
  
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  Support for OpenID in OAuth Logins
  
• 
  Support for improved paging in ASP.NET 4.5 GridView control
  
• 
  Enhanced support for asynchronous programming
  
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  Support for web sockets
  
• 
  Support for HTML5 form types
  
• 
  ASP.NET Web API
  

3. 
   Advantages:
   

• 
  Drastically reduces the amount of code required to build large applications.
  
• 
  built-in Windows authentication and per-application configuration
  
• 
  Rich toolbox and designer in the Visual Studio integrated development environment.
  
• 
  easy to perform common tasks
  
• 
  The source code and HTML are together therefore ASP.NET pages are easy to maintain and write. Also the source code is executed on the server.
  
• 
  It is purely server-side technology so, ASP.NET code executes on the server before it is sent to the browser.
  
• 
  Being language-independent, it allows you to choose the language that best applies to your application or partition your application across many languages.
  
• 
  The Web server continuously monitors the pages, components and applications running on it. If it notices any memory leaks, infinite loops, other illegal activities, it immediately destroys those activities and restarts itself.
  

• 
  Its upkeep is resource intensive
  
• 
  Windows and IIS have a documented history of bugs and vulnerabilities in the programs have been prone to exploitation in the past.
  
• 
  Adds a lot of overhead to the web applications
  
• 
  ASP.NET uses far more web server resources than other languages so it requires either better servers or a greater number of them
  

1. 
   Description:
   

•Developer: The PHP Development Team, Zend Technologies

•Sites: 42,439,309 live websites

•Popular sites: Facebook, Wikipedia, Yahoo!, Tumbler, LAD Bible

2. 
   Features
   

• 
  PDO Class - provides a nice abstraction layer around a set of database drivers such as MySQL, PostgreSQL and MS SQL.
  
• 
  Exceptions - are used to 'throw' errors that can be caught at any point by bubbling up through your code stack.
  
• 
  Hashing API
  
• 
  SimpleXML Class
  

3. 
   Advantages:
   

• 
  Simple and easy to learn
  
• 
  Support
  
• 
  Freedom
  
• 
  Free
  
• 
  Integration
  
• 
  Frameworks
  
• 
  Easier to fix problems
  
• 
  Scalability
  
• 
  Object Oriented
  
• 
  Speed
  

• 
  Security issues - Since it is open sourced, so all people can see the source code, if there are bugs in the source code, it can be used by people to explore the weakness of PHP
  
• 
  Not suitable for large applications: Hard to maintain since it is not very modular.
  
• 
  Poor error handling method: PHP framework has a bad error handling method. It is not an proper solution for the PHP developers
  

1. 
   Description
   

• 
  Developer: Oracle
  
• 
  Sites: 3,655,720 live websites
  
• 
  Popular sites: Wells Fargo, LinkedIn, Bank of America, Norton, UPS
  
• 
  Price: Free
  

2. 
   Features
   

• 
  Java™ Database Connectivity (JDBC™) API
  
• 
  Transaction Service
  
• 
  Java Naming and Directory Interface™ (JNDI) API
  
• 
  Java™ Message Service (JMS) API
  
• 
  JavaMail™ API
  
• 
  Security
  

3. 
   Advantages:
   

• 
  Complete Web services support. The J2EE platform provides a framework for developing and deploying web services on the Java platform.
  
• 
  Faster solutions delivery time to market. The J2EE platform uses "containers" to simplify development. J2EE containers provide for the separation of business logic from resource and lifecycle management, which means that developers can focus on writing business logic -- their value add -- rather than writing enterprise infrastructure.
  
• 
  Freedom of choice. J2EE technology is a set of standards that many vendors can implement. The vendors are free to compete on implementations but not on standards or APIs.
  
• 
  Simplified connectivity. J2EE technology makes it easier to connect the applications and systems you already have and bring those capabilities to the web, to cell phones, and to devices.
  
• 
  By offering one platform with faster solution delivery time to market, freedom of choice, and simplified connectivity, the J2EE platform helps IT by reducing TCO and simultaneously avoiding single-source for their enterprise software needs.
  

• 
  Restrictions on the developer.
  
• 
  Availability of large number of proprietary vendor extensions leads to the temptation to use them and hence making the system non interoperable across various application server.
  
• 
  Since the specifications have grown to huge proportions, there is a large learning curve associated with J2EE.
  

1. 
   Description:
   

•Developer: MIT License

•Sites: 1,090,767 live websites

•Popular sites: Twitter, Sound Cloud, Hulu, KickStarter, AirBnB, Twitch

2. 
   Features:
   

• 
  Rails have a well-defined plug-in structure that enables you to easily install and use plug-ins in your application.
  
• 
  Testing is Fun and Easy with Rspec
  
• 
  Track Application Exceptions
  
• 
  Mix and match between frameworks and servers with Rails on Rack
  
• 
  Easy Data Dumping
  

3. 
   Advantages:
   

• 
  It’s Perfect For Web Technologies
  
• 
  Saves Money
  
• 
  Saves Time
  
• 
  Active and Helpful Community
  
• 
  Project Not Handcuffed
  
• 
  Build Your Own Plug and Play Apps
  
• 
  The Big Players Use It
  

• 
  Slow processing: Several benchmark websites that regularly run and test response times of programming languages often describe Ruby as one of the slower programming languages.
  
• 
  New language: Ruby is fairly new and has its own unique coding language. Some programmers consider this a disadvantage because they have to take considerable time just to learn the language before using it
  
• 
  Lack of complete documentation online