Introduction – Chapter 1 (p. 2) and Chapter 2 (p. 13)

1. Coercive: equitable, such as injunction or specific performance. Preliminary injunction or TRO preserve the status quo to prevent irreparable harm. Also includes restorative injunctions, prophylactic, and structural.

2. Damages: to compensate P for losses sustained in violation of P’s rights.

3. Restitution: measured by D’s gains. Substantive = entitlement to a restitutionary remedy. Remedial = measurement of the restitutionary remedy.

4. Declaratory relief: to obtain a declaration of the rights or legal relations between the parties. Right to trial in legal cases only (not equity).

See R2T § 929 and 930 (p. 7-8).

• 
  Injunctions keep P in the rightful position/status quo, in contrast to damages, which restore the rightful position. [EE 138]
  
  • 
    Note that some legal relief can be specific as opposed to its usual substitutionary remedy of compensatory damages, such as replevin. [EE 142-43]
    
• 
  Specific relief (specific performance and injunctions) gives P the very thing he lost or stands to lose. [EE 138-39].
  
• 
  Equitable relief is specific and personal (in personam). [Gilbert 29]
  
  • 
    However, the legal effect of equitable decrees will usually be cover claims in rem, despite the fact that they may be outside of the state court’s jurisdiction. [Gilbert 54]
    
    • 
      Decrees for payment of money are constitutionally recognized as enforceable because of “full faith and credit.” [Gilbert 56]
      
    • 
      Decrees affecting title to land in another state are usually enforced on the basis of comity (cooperation) or res judicata (issues once litigated are binding). [Gilbert 56]
      
    • 
      Decrees requiring acts in other states: enforcement depends on comity
      
• 
  Subject matter of equitable relief cannot be [Gilbert 45]
  
  • 
    Crimes b/c the remedy would deprive D of the right to a jury trial and procedural safeguards (i.e. no injunction from operating a casino on tribal land) [Gilbert 40]
    
    • 
      Exceptions: injunction may be granted prohibiting public nuisance or for torts causing irreparable injury.
      
  • 
    A criminal prosecution under a valid statute (unless (1) P claims that the statute does not apply to him and irreparable harm is threatened, or (ii) a federal court is enjoining a state court criminal proceeding pursuant to an exception to the federal Anti-Injunction Act where great and immediate irreparable injury will result
    
  • 
    A law enforcement officer’s performance of her duties.
    

1. 
   Start by saying what the remedy at law is. Then say why it is inadequate (you only get equity if law remedy is inadequate). The reason for inadequacy must be something that requires the court to take action.
   
2. 
   First TRO, then temporary injunction, then permanent inj.
   
3. 
   Show the irreparable injury if you don’t get the injunction. Can’t just exchange money for injunction. This is where the substantive equity comes in, designed to deal with cases where money damages won’t suffice.
   

1. INJUNCTIONS

1. IN GENERAL: forward looking court orders aimed either at preventing future harm (preventative injunction) or preventing future bad effects of past harm (reparative injunction).

1. MANDATORY (affirmatively ordering P to do something, likely changing the status quo [EE 194-95]) V. PROHIBITORY (ordering D to refrain from doing something, likely preserving the status quo)

1. Courts tend to disfavor mandatory injunctions [Gilbert 61]

2. Require higher burden of proof

1. TYPES

1. PREVENTATIVE

   1. REPARATIVE

   2. STRUCTURAL

1. 
   
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