-hence, he Wallerstain argues that emergence of Europe existed within the modern world system • feminist scholars who argue and who challenge capitalism and neglect of women
• they argue how in dev world women created the workforce through reproduction without being payed, without being outside the economy
• Robert MIes,
• most important aspect of
WALLERSTAIN : there is the core and periphery
• what
Wallerstein argues there is a semi periphery which has emerged in time helping in different
ways the working of • constant enrichment of
core, and hope of periphery too become semiperiphery
• semipheriphery softens constant idea of exploitation and the immediacy of core and periphery
• in this context shapes social life
-what are characteristic of core • general argument that core countries more democracy, high wages ,
based on HR, they import raw imp, export manufactures good
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-gramsci— has been jailed in 1926 • he wrote about concept of hegemony , and why rev in industrialised Europe did not occur bc of hegemony
•
gramsci in his prison notes of why rev in eu did not happen
• although we tased bout capitalism , woking class,
basic question why no rev • came up with this idea pf hegemony
• those in lower do not always rule with coercion
• he underlines that we have overestimated the component of force within power, in addition to that the inkling class use their power through consent, they get consent
• by disseminating consent one those they control they create hegemonic position
• through rule of hegemony manage to avoid constant resisting against themselves
•
so consent acc to gramsci is created, recreated by ruling classes
• those who’re ruled by bourgeoisie think the burg, deserve to be in that position
• there are ruling blocs, coalitions of blocs in different parts go society that maintain consent of society
• as long as there ruling bloc and coalitions generated in hegemony, the corcei
mechanisms and the consent, we see continuation of existing order acc to grmasci
• so why no rev
• bc those in power, burgeosie, managed to cinice workes that there share certain common traits
• workers gave consent to leadership of bourgeoisie , bur. imaged to buy off minimum wages etc, convincing workers
that the order was a good one • the ruling elite , burg, built a hegemony and hard to challenge this bloc
• how do u challenge ruling elite only by building alternative hegemonic blocs
• sob gramscib underlines within capitalist economy in intl system , the leaders of intl system, hegemonic power do not only impose norms, values intetrtst through coercion but in this context they manage to get consent of weaker parties+ theydeserve to be there
• the role of consent generated in hegemonic ruling blocs
very imp in this concept • one of imp pointy by new grams the current ruling class does not belong to any nation, but a transnational capitalist claSS
• Robinson ruling elite now inst transnational CAPITALIST CLASS
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• there are some new marxist Rosenberg and Teschke
• they do not look on theories based on Marx
• make reference to marx, trying to look origins workings of Marx
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