Passage 3 Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end:--

Answer the following questions briefly:---

2) Why is it said that mr. Parsons was glad to be alive?

3) How had markwardt got blind?

4) What was the flaw in markwardt’s story?

5) Who was the man who had no eyes? Give reason for your answer.

MCQ

(i) guilty

(ii) thankful

(iii) self-pitty

(iv) none

7) What was Markwardt opinion towards his life:

(i) guilty

(ii)self-pitty

(iii) both (i) and (ii)

8)________________blames another for his handicap

(i) Parsons

(ii) Markwardt

iii) beggar

Passage 4

Stress is a disease of modern times. It afflicts people regardless of their situation in life. Stress is present in the lives of the rich and poor, literature and illiterate, men and women. Stress is, however, more evident and is probably more widespread in technologically advanced countries, and is common among higher qualified professionals.

Stress is of various kinds physical emotional and intellectual and it is characterized by a feeling of being burned: of being unable to cope. At a physical level modern technology and facilities have actually increased workloads and decreased relaxation. Mobile phones and laptops have made it easy to carry the office to the home.

Emotional stress increases when there is disharmony and friction in relationships. Unfortunately the trend today is to take the easy way out – people prefer to break away from relationships rather than repair them.

The answer to stress can be found in the very letters of the word, stress, ‘S’ stands for strength : physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual. Physical and emotional weakness leads to irritability. A strong healthy body developed through proper diet, exercise and pranayama techniques helps reduce stress at the physical level. Love compassion and friendship are valuable strength gives that help us cope with stress.

The scriptures say that knowledge of the self cannot be gained without inner strength. Rabindranath Tagore, in a poem, prays to the Lord not to remove all obstacles, but instead , he asks for strength to bear them. Before the start of the Mahabharata war Arjun was seized with a bout of emotional weakness and he refused to fight the war. Lord Krishna rescued him by giving him emotional strength.

“T” stands for traffic control. We need to regulate and control our thoughts. We can cope with stress best if our thoughts are orderly and methodical. Unnecessary accumulation leads to clogging of the mind. The key lies in being able to love one moment at a time. Eat while eating work while working, and leave the home at home and the office I the office. Remember, however, long we have to travel we can only take one step at a time. Worrying only reduces efficiency and then even simple tasks cannot be completed correctly and in time.

‘R’ is for redesign. We tend to view life and ourselves through our own philosophy. A readjustment or reorientation in this philosophy our capacity to bear heavier loads.

“E” stands for erase: the ego. Anger, fear and jealousy are negative emotions that reduce efficiency, leading to mental weakness, causing stress. Too much emphasis on the ego increase stress Abrogation of doer-ship can help us to distress. Sri Rama asked Sri Hanuman how he was able to cause so much havoc in Lanka and yet return unscathed . Hanuman disclaimed all responsibility. He said, “I did not do it, you did it trough me”. There is a higher power or strength working through us.”

‘S’ stands for sharing: share your wealth, knowledge, workload or anything else you have. By and large people do not know how to share or delegate.

The last but most important is the ‘S’ which stands for surrender to the Lord. Free your mind from the weight of worries and become an instrument, adopting an attitude of service.

Question-answers

1) How has the stress become a universal disease?

2) Name the various kind of stress?

3) What is responsible for physical stress?

4)When does “emotional stress” increase?

5) How can one develop ‘increase strength’?

6)What does the word ‘stress’ stand for?

Multiple choice question (MCQ)

1) We need not regulate and control our thought by :

a) if our thought are orderly and methodical

b) if our thoughts are clogged

c) if we are go on worrying

d) if we take up many jobs at one time

2) Erasing the ego can be achieved through:

a) if we control our negative emotion-anger,fear,jealousy

b) if we keep the feeling of doer-ship

c) if we claim the responsibility

d) the help of things causing stress and mental weakness

3) Stress is common among:

a) in the lives of rich only

b) in the lives of poor only

c) in the lives of people of technologically advanced countries

d) in the lives of highly qualified professionals

1) Holy books (para5) 2)collection (para 6)

THE FALLEN LEAVES

Why should I be the first of all

Of all the leaves on this old tree ?

Though sadly soon I know that all

Will lose their hold and follow me.

While my birth-brothers bravely blow,

Why should I be first to go ?

Why should I be that last to cling

Of all the leaves on this bleak bough ?

I’ve fluttered since the fire of spring

And I am worn and withered now.

I would escape the winter gale

And sleep soft-silvered by a snail.

When swoop the legions of the snow

To pitch their tents in roaring weather

We fallen leaves will lie below

And rot rejoicingly together ;

And from our rich and dark decay

Will laugh our brothers of the May

Question-Answers

1) What is the speaker in the poem unwilling to do?

2) What does” roaring weather” mean?

3) ‘rot rejoicing together’ –the leaf wants to lie low and rot and yet feel happy. Why?

4) Find out the words in the poem which means the same, ’diversified’ or ‘manifold’.

5) Why is the leaf feeling worn and withered?

6) Explain--- ‘will laugh our brothers of the may?’

Multiple choice questions:

1) What is the fate of leaves on the tree ?

(i) they will be on branches permanantaly

(ii) they will wither and dry

(iii) they will change into flowers

(iv) they will never die

2)The fallen leaf was:

(i) Rejoiced

(ii) Unhappy

(iii) Satisfied

(iv) sorry

3) What is the poetic device used in the line12:

(i) Personification

(ii) Metaphor

(iii) simile

(iv) irony

Vocabulary

1) Find out the words in the poem which means the same as

(i) Diversified or manifold

(ii) Use freshness or vitality
NOTEMAKING

Guidelines for attempting note-making:-

1) Minimum three readings are necessary to comprehend the content.

(i) First reading mark the difficult words

(ii) Second reading mark the important lines, deleting examples and data and quotations.

(iii) In Third reading, mould the chosen sentences in note form.

2) charecteristics of good notes:

(i) Brevity:- Notes should be brief and to the point

(ii) Relevance:- notes should be relevant to the topic

(iii) Clarity:- the notes should not be so brief that their clarity is lost

3) Formats & indentation

Title

A1___________subtitle

(ii)

A2---------------------subtitle

(i)

(ii)

A3-------------------------------

(i)

(ii)

A4--------------------------------

(i)

(ii)

b) In a tabular form

c)Flow chart:--

4) Abbreviations and symbols( four minimum)

(i) standard abbreviations should be used. capitalized first letter of words

For examples: UNO for United Nation Organization

(ii) Pick up first three or four letters and put dot.

For examples: exa. , feb.

(iii) Pick up first , middle and last letter

For example: LKW for lucknow, VNS for Varanasi

(iv) Symbols:

For example- e.g

Because :.

Therefore .:

Percentage % etc.

Marking in note making

Title --------1 mark

Abbreviation(4)------ 1 mark

Notes with subtitles------3 marks

5)What is to deleted:--

(i) examples

(ii ) quotations

(iii) data

Solved passage

Inferiority complex or low self – esteem is variously defined as poor self image, feeling of worthlessness, sense of insecurity, state of self – doubt, timidity etc. It is a major hurdle in the path to success and glory. High self-esteem is feeling good about oneself, knowing the strengths and weaknesses of one and accepting them accordingly. However, it should not be confused with an inflated ego, which is the prime reason behind the premature death of many promising careers.

Success and self-esteem have a close and direct relationship. Success is important for the growth of positive feeling about oneself and affirmation of worth. A child with high self-esteem can use a failure as a learning experience while a child with low self-esteem gets bogged down. We experience “lows” and “highs” from time to time. Feeling unsure and suffering from doubts is all right, but persistent feeling of worthlessness and insecurity are a matter of grave concern.

Children with high self- esteem are able to express themselves in a controlled manner and generally succeed in influencing other people’s behaviour in a positive way. These children approach new challenges with confidence and show a lot of independence and responsibility. Failures do not easily frustrate them. Through perseverance they turn failure into resounding success.

Children with low self – esteem are low on confidence and generally speak in self – derogatory terms. They are always on the defensive and avoid situations, which may cause confrontation and tension. They are unable to form their own opinions and rely on other’s judgment. They constantly blame others for their problems and are not open to reason. They even feel powerless when faced with any challenging situation, avoid new experiences and shy away from interactions. Children with low self – esteem have low frustration tolerance. Thus they tend to give up without putting in a worthwhile effort. These children use the crutches of fate and luck to plod along an ill-defined path that leads nowhere.

Every child is born –a winner but his success in later life depends upon a complex interplay of several related factors. Children develop into positive personalities only if are encouraged by people and circumstances, which ensure that their self-esteem is carefully nourished throughout the crucial growing up years. Genetic endowment or the potential to succeed may be present but it can be blocked by adverse environmental factors operating at home, at school and in society. When this happens, it can result in a collapse of confidence and withdrawal from the struggle towards worthwhile achievement.

TITLE _______________________ (Supply a suitable title)

Notes

1. 
   Inferiority complex / low self – esteem – characteristics :
   
   1. 
      poor self-image
      
   2. 
      feelings of worthlessness and self-doubt
      
   3. 
      ________________________
      
2. 
   High self – esteem :
   
   1. 
      feeling good about oneself.
      
   2. 
      knowing ________________
      
3. 
   Success & self – esteem :
   
   1. 
      success-imp. for _____________________ .
      
   2. 
      failure –a learning experience for high-esteemed child
      
4. 
   Traits of children with high esteem :
   
   1. 
      express with confidence
      
   2. 
      independent & responsible
      
5. 
   Children of low self-esteem-traits :
   
   1. 
      speak in derogatory terms
      
   2. 
      always _______________.
      
   3. 
      unable to form opinions
      
   4. 
      _________________________.
      
6. 
   Every child –a winner :
   
   1. 
      _____________ --develop into +ve person
      
   2. 
      needs crucial ________________ .
      
   3. 
      potential –not blocked by ________ -very damaging.
      

• 
  
  • 
    are closely related
    
  • 
    adverse factors
    
  • 
    when encouraged
    
  • 
    one’s strengths & weaknesses
    
  • 
    lack confidence
    
  insecurity and timidity
  

• 
  positive feelings
  
• 
  persevere in spite of failures
  
• 
  powerless & shy
  
• 
  nourishment of self-esteem
  

The crow and the bat are both flying creatures. The crow belongs to the class of animals called “Aves” whereas the bat belongs to the class “Mammalia”. Both of them are however, warm-blooded vertebrates and have an exo-skeleton of feathers and fur.

The bird has forelimbs which are modified into wings each bearing three clawless digits. The hindlimbs are adapted for walking, perching or swimming. The bones forming the skeleton are spongy, light in weight and contain air cavities. Birds have a horny beak. The heart is four-chambered. The most important characteristic is that they are oviparous. The egg has a yolk which is covered with albumen. The birds are up early with dawn and rest at night.

The bat has eyes which are very small and the vision is weak, very unlike the bird which can see from the sky and swoop down on its prey. The bat is gregarious in nature and lives in large colonies of hundreds. They produce ultrasonic sound waves which on striking solid objects are reflected back. They are picked up by their ears quickly in flight. The forelimbs are developed into a wing. It has a hard skeleton. It is nocturnal in habit. During the day they spend their time sleeping in caves or dark sheltered places. They come out in the dark for feeding. The bat does not lay eggs. It gives birth to young ones like most mammal

BIRDS AND THE FLYING MAMMAL

1. 
   Similarities
   

1. 
   flying creatures
   
2. 
   warm-blooded
   
3. 
   ……………………………………………………..
   
4. 
   ……………………………………………………..
   

2. 
   Differences
   

Birds	Bats
Class- Aves Have horny beaks Sharp vision Oviparous Do not produce ultrasonic sounds waves. …………………………………….	Class- mammalian Does not ………………………………. ………………………………. Produces them Nocturnal

………………………………………………………………………………………c) We know that the bat is gregarious. This means that ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) the ultrasonic sound waves help the bat because…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Passage 2

Some diff. are –

Modern food has become our enemy. We have become so besotted by taste and presentation, that we eat food for its entertainment value not for its nutritional benefit. Each restaurant boasts of a new cuisine, which is a mixture of refined flour, oil and sugar, pasta, noodles, which rice, white bread and maida based products like pizzas, burgers, naan and rumali roti are the grain option in Italian, Chinese, Indian or Mexican. The cuisines vegetarian dishes are either overcooked or have a lot of cornstarch and fat. A process of deprivation and elimination, however, cannot achieve perfect health. The idea is to nourish the body; you might achieve some weight loss, but you will lose on your health.

I have been providing solutions to people suffering from obesity and its related problems like high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and asthma. I realized that by advising a health-plan for these disorders, people lost excess baggage automatically. This means that weight loss can be a natural by – product of a health regime; you don’t have to eat less to lose weight but to choose your food correctly. In fact the link between ideal body weight and health is so crucial that if one were to concentrate completely on achieving good health one would automatically achieve some amount of weight loss.

Food influences almost every aspect of your being. It influences your nails, hair, skin, hormones and bones. The vegetables that you eat will affect the texture of your skin. The fact that the right kinds of fats are essential to achieve good health comes as a surprise to many people. Fat is the raw material for many hormones that influence various functions in your body. Most people try to cut calories by going on fat-free diets. While eating less fat is not a bad idea, going on a fat-free diet has its own set of problems. Fats make ‘eiconsanoids’ which influences vital aspects of your body right from blood pressure to premenstrual syndrome to pain sensitivity as in arthritis. For example PUFA based oils, oil and MUFA based oils like til oil, mustard oil, groundnut oil increase pain and inflammation of the joints. It is primarily composed of fat. The right fat intake (walnuts, almonds, tulsi seeds) would naturally influence your concentration, memory, and ability to conceptualize, calculate and comprehend life better. The brain is the vital organ that regulates the body and makes living possible. If you deprive your body of the right fats, your might fall prey to depression and other mental disorders. Fat is as essential to your health as vitamins, proteins and carbohydrates are. Therefore whilst embarking upon any weight loss programme, remember that health is so much more than just weight loss, at the same time achieve ideal body weight in a healthy way does provide a basis for achieving perfect health.

Passage 4

Television and of late the computer, has impinged on the reading time of children, resulting in the waning of reading habits. To inculcate the reading habit in children, they should be exposed to books and reading situations at an early age. While television has found a place of honour in many households, very few homes have even a small collection of books. Fewer still are the homes where children find their elders reading and / or have stories read out to them. Only public libraries can provide pre – school children with opportunities to see and handle books as well as to find adults read and listen to stories being read out.

Though, these children are frowned on by librarians and are kept out of the public library, even if it has a children’s section. The tiny tots are considered beyond te purview of library service, presumably on the ground that the library is 70 meant to serve only those who have mastered the technique of reading. This attitude, however, is untenable. Unlike in olden times when libraries were repositories of printed documents only, today, besides books and periodicals, libraries are expected to be equipped with projectors, audio / video – cassette / CD/ VCD players, television sets and / or computers which are good media to reach out to non literate children.

In addition to these, toys and indoor games too may be included in the stock-in-trade of the public library to facilitate extending library service to pre – school children.

Many librarians may argue that the utility of play things generally as an instrument of education is questionable and that the library is neither a crèche nor a nursery school to provide playthings to its clientele. But it must be accepted and there are many playthings that have educational value. Playthings undeniably, are invaluable not only as tools to allure pre – school children into a fold of the library clientele but also as a means to liaise with those involved in the upbringing of these children.

It behaves the library to co-ordinate its work with all agencies like crèches and nurseries, balwadis and kindergartens – even primary schools – that serve children and are interested in their intellectual growth. In the task of serving pre – school children it should necessarily view parents as allies and work in tandem with them. But, in our country, the social milieu that makes the parent conscious of this responsibility is missing; nor do most parents have the necessary educational background, a vast majority of them being only first or second – generation literates, if not illiterates. Although neither the librarian nor the teacher can ever replace the parent as the child’s first teacher, the librarian can certainly seek the parents’ co-operation to bring the little children to the library.

The library must have attractive ‘talking’ and picture books, which children who do not know the alphabet would enjoy looking through. The kids who come to the library to play may be encouraged to look through those books. The librarian should read out from books to children so that they will begin to look upon books as a source of pleasure. This impression would remain in their minds and once they learn to read they would take to reading books for pleasure.

Passage 5

E-learning is a trend that is here to stay. In the US, more than 41 million people log on to their computers and double – click into virtual classrooms. And not only undergraduates, students too pursue graduation degrees in fields as diverse as nursing, business, engineering and technology. Experts predict that in the US, e-learning will become a US $2 billion industry within four years and it won’t be long before a student can go through Harvard or Wharton Business School course sitting right at home.

The trend is here to stay, not only in the US but in other countries, like India as well. It won’t be long before Internet and web-based tools take over our classrooms in a significant manner. The drift started with a few renowned institutions leveraging the Net to impart education. As they started reaching out to a large number of students, some not-so-long colleges also flooded the Net with electronic pages, chat rooms and bulletin boards as virtual classrooms. The net result was poor design and content that left students in the lurch.

Luckily, a reversal is on the cards. A proper design and content with the right instructions and methodologies has now made e-learning a rewarding experience for students. Now all that a student has to do is to register at the web site and send in a cheque. A demand draft or a credit card can also be used to pay for the course. A course packet containing the study material is then sent to the student. The student can log on to the site and go through the syllabus, study or download the material. As an electronic page is very different from that of a text book, the education portal’s challenge lies in making web pages more effective than textbooks. Through the use of chat and other software, learning becomes a real experience for a student in a virtual classroom.

Many on-line course offer features like student – teacher live chats, online assignments, and a playback facility of recorded classrooms with expert faculty. Some sites even go a step further and provide personal interactive classroom sessions, offline, in select cities. What gives e-learning an edge over traditional learning is accessibility: you need not wait for buses that are overcrowded at peak hours to reach your school. Classes come directly to your home, the desktop to be precise. Also, unlike regular classes, students can work as well as study at their own pace and interact with the faculty when they have doubts. The training offered is of certain standard and so is the content presented. With features like recorded classrooms, the problem of missed classes does not arise anymore.

The flip side is obvious as well. As there is no personal interaction with the teacher, the going may get a bit tough for students who have not understood a concept. There is obviously no way for the teacher to delve into the mind of his student. Moreover, PC penetration is very low in India with few students having access to computers and even fewer knowing about online courses. E-learning also requires a lot of self-driven study methods. In India; many people have phobias concerning computers while others balk at any type of computer interaction. Hence, mindset issue is a serious concern that has to be overcome.

Then there are other drawbacks including the method of assessment. As some portals accept assignments on the web, it gives students more scope for cheating. It also makes learning slower for a student used to the traditional method of teaching. Online teaching, feel some, can never replace the chalk-and-talk method. It seems our students still feel more comfortable being taught in traditional classrooms.

4 MARKS

2. Advertisements – Classified and Display

3. Posters

4. Invitations and replies

• 
  Adhere to the specified word limit of 50 words.
  
• 
  Name and place of the school, organization or office issuing the notice should be mentioned.
  
• 
  Write the word NOTICE at the top.
  
• 
  Give an appropriate heading.
  
• 
  Write the date of issuing the notice.
  
• 
  Clearly mention the target group (for whom the notice is to be displayed)
  
• 
  Mention the purpose of the notice.
  
• 
  Mention all the relevant details (date, venue, time)
  
• 
  Mention whom to contact for extra information.
  
• 
  Signature, name and designation of the person issuing the notice.
  
• 
  Put the notice in a box.
  

Name of the School / Organization

The word ------NOTICE

A suitable heading

Date __________

Content _______

__________________________________

__________________________________

Designation of the issuing authority