Kto karatay university english prep class
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KTO KARATAY UNIVERSITY ENGLISH PREP CLASS MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT UNIT 2016/Q3 
TIPS FOR BETTER PRONUNCIATION UNIT 1 PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION - WEEK 1-2 
PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTON IN ENGLISH The International Phonetic Alphabet is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of oral language. When you use an English-English Dictionary, you can see the phonetic transcriptions of the words. Phonetic transcription is written between slashes (/). EXERCISES
Consonants p pen, copy, happen _stop_____ b back, baby, job __________ t tea, tight, button __________ d day, ladder, odd __________ k key, clock, school __________ g get, giggle, ghost __________ tʃ church, match, nature __________ dʒ judge, age, soldier __________ f fat, coffee, rough, photo __________ v view, heavy, move __________ θ thing, author, path __________ ð this, other, smooth __________ s soon, cease, sister __________ z zero, music, roses, buzz __________ ʃ ship, sure, national __________ ʒ pleasure, vision __________ h hot, whole, ahead __________ m more, hammer, sum __________ n nice, know, funny, sun __________ ŋ ring, anger, thanks, sung __________ l light, valley, feel __________ r right, wrong, sorry, arrange __________ j yet, use, beauty, few __________ w wet, one, when, queen __________ Vowels ɪ kit, bid, hymn, minute __________ e dress, bed, head, many __________ æ trap, bad __________ ɒ lot, odd, wash __________ ʌ strut, mud, love, blood __________ ʊ foot, good, put __________ iː fleece, sea, machine __________ eɪ face, day, break __________ aɪ price, high, try __________ ɔɪ choice, boy __________ uː goose, two, blue, group __________ əʊ goat, show, no __________ aʊ mouth, now __________ ɪə near, here, weary __________ eə square. fair, various __________ ɑː start, father __________ ɔː thought, law, north, war __________ ʊə poor, jury, cure __________ ɜː nurse, stir, learn, refer __________ ə about, common, standard __________ i happy, radiate. Glorious __________ u thank you, influence, situation __________
1.  touch - eight - hope - pool
2.  bag - take - party - phone
3.  father - mother - sister - brother
4.  path - far - cat - seven
5.  fear - pear - each - see
6.  meat - big - its - end
7.  clean - feet - ear - head
8.  first - Terry - pear - seen
Now let’s play “Fly Swatting” Teachers’ note: Fly Swat Level: Any Level Divide your class into 2 groups. Choose 2 ss. and ask them to go to the back part of the classroom and turn back. Write on the blackboard 20 phonetic transcriptions of words from the list above. Give both ss. a fly swatter (something that can clean the board). The objective on the game is that you will say a word and ss. will turn back and run to "fly swat" the word that you have pronounced. The ss. who "kills" the fly (cleans the correct word) has to pronounce the word correctly and then he will score a point for his team. UNIT 2 SUFFIXES -S SUFFIX - WEEK 3 The morpheme -s of the 3rd person singular (he works), of the noun plural (books), of the genitive (John‟s) and of the contraction of is or has (he‟s) is pronounced in three different ways depending on the sound of the preceding consonant: ɪz after sibilant consonants: s ʃ tʃ dʒ slices /slɑɪsɪz/ brushes /brʌʃɪz/ churches /tʃɜːtʃɪz/ wages /weɪdʒɪz/ s after unvoiced consonants: /f/ /k/ /p/ /t/ packs /pæks/ rates /reɪts/ laughs /lɑːfs/ taps /tæps/ s boys /bɔɪz/ girls /gɜːlz/ clothes /kləʊðz/ John‟s /dʒɒnz/ Some unvoiced sounds, θ z bath /bɑːθ/ baths /bɑːðz/ knife /nɑɪf/ knives /nɑɪvz/ EXERCISES Write the sound /s/, /z/ or /ɪz/ next to the following words. 1. judges _____ 6. watches _____ 2. lives _____ 7. attends _____ 3. plates _____ 8. tapes _____ 4. classes _____ 9. books _____ 5. breathes _____ 10. wives _____ UNIT 3 -ed SUFFIX - WEEK 3 The morpheme -ed of the past tense (or past participle) is also pronounced in three different ways depending on the preceding consonant: /ɪd/ after t and d painted /peɪntɪd/ founded /fɑʊndɪd/ wanted /wɒntɪd/ rounded /rɑʊndɪd/ /t/ after unvoiced consonants: /f/ /k/ /p/ /s/ tʃ /ʃ clapped /klæpt/ brushed /brʌʃt/ laughed /lɑːft/ wished /wɪʃt/ /d/ in other cases earned /ɜːnd/ carried /kær ɪd/ changed /tʃeɪndʒd/ harmed /hɑːmd/ EXERCISES Pronounce the past form of these regular verbs paying attention to the –ed suffix. 1. study _____ 6. answer _____ 2. judge _____ 7. test _____ 3. listen _____ 8. invent _____ 4. miss _____ 9. research _____ 5. work _____ 10. enjoy _____ UNIT 4 HOMOPHONES - WEEK 4 A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning, and may differ in spelling. Some examples of homophones: son / sun /sʌn/ allowed / aloud /əlɑʊd/ minor / miner /mɑɪnə/ EXERCISE Listen to the teacher and circle the word that you hear in its context. 1. whose / who’s 6. right / write 2. there / their 7. hear / here 3. sale / sail 8. rain / reign 4. rode / road 9. bare / bear 5. steel / steal 10. by / buy
Some consonants are written but not pronounced. This is either because they were once pronounced (knock) or come from a foreign language (psychology). Initial position kn – knock, knee, knight, knife gn – gnat, gnaw, gnome pn – pneumonia ps – psychology, psychiatry, pseudo pt – Ptolemy wr – write, wrong, wring, wrist wh – who, whom, whose, whole
-mb – lamb, climb, thumb -ng – king /kɪŋ/, thing /θɪŋ/, song /sɒŋ/, wing -gm – paradigm, diaphragm -gn – sign, reign, foreign, resign (but signature, resignation) -mn – condemn, autumn, column -pt – receipt (but reception) Other Positions doubt muscle castle whistle isle viscount sword Norwich b) Sometimes vowels are written but not pronounced. Some examples: government family chocolate garden reason
1. answer 6. castle 11. subtle 16. Island 21. Subtle 2. Greenwich 7. design 12. vegetable 17. Mustn’t 22. Honour 3. interest 8. know 13. generous 18. Wednesday 23. Listen 4. restaurant 9. comfortable 14. psychosis 19. Bomb 24. talk 5. written 10. honest 15. cupboard 20. Hoped 25. walk
| ðɪs ˈsʌmə ˈaɪ wɜːkt fər ə ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈkʌmpəni ɪn ˈpəʊlənd | maɪ ˈbrəðərz waɪf s ˈpɒlɪʃ ənd hə ˈbrʌðər ɪkˈspɔːts ˈæmbə tə ˈjʊərəp | ˈæmbə z ə braʊn stəʊn wɪtʃ ɪz ˈɒfn̩ ˈjuːzd ɪn ˈdʒuːəlri | ɪt kən bi ˈveri ɪkˈspensɪv | ˈæmbə z faʊnd ˈʌndə ðə ɡraʊnd ənd ðər ər ə lɒt əv maɪnz ɒn ðə kəʊst əv ðə ˌbɔ:ltɪk ˈsi: |
I’ve been studying Polish at university for two years so this meant that I could do the negotiating with the amber companies. I did this for two weeks. I negotiated discounts and made notes of quantities, delivery dates etc. This was important work but not very enjoyable. Then, something completely different happened. UNIT 6 SHWA SOUND - WEEK 5 Schwa is the name for the most common sound in English. It is a weak, unstressed sound and it occurs in many words. It is often the sound in grammar words such as articles and prepositions. Getting the schwa sound correct is a good way of making your pronunciation more accurate and natural. The phonemic symbol for this sound is Schwa. / ə / EXERCISE
doctor banana collect tomorrow difficult combine summer level American protect report conclusion pupil theatre consequence measure wizard continue about archive success across arrive substance support amount substantial among analyse oppose analysis apologize observe city arrive time approve appropriate observation appreciate arise obtain aware away surround communicate connect surrender survive surprise supply supplement suggest suspect among again occur
UNIT 7 COGNATE WORDS - WEEK 6 Cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. Cognates do not need to have the same meaning, which may have changed as the languages developed separately. Turkish and English have lot of common words. Examples: Professor Profesör Canteen Kantin University Universite *When we use those words in English, we should pay attention to pronounce those words with English pronunciations. Common Mispronounced Cognate Words Find the phonetic transcription of the words below and practice pronunciation. active address garage massage action alcohol material meter activity apartment modern negative favourite archive normal oxygen assist barber mobile pizza aggressive diet political professional authority exercise champion chance barrier energy cinema theatre capacity sympathy digital technology camera geometry schizophrenia sauce modern capacity social taxi original credit stop tango practical magazine karate Muslim television projector telephone traffic million vocal football basketball hockey billiard gigabyte data internet media technology democracy commission defence terror organization machine physical psychological career mental cousin character technique café coffee economy modern UNIT 8 WORDS WITH MORE THAN ONE PRONUNCIATION WEEK 7 There are words that have more than one pronunciation. Those words are spelled the same but pronounced differently. Some of them have the same meaning and difference is caused by dialectical difference such as American and British English. For Example Candidate has two pronunciation with the same meaning. /ˈkandɪdeɪt/ /ˈkandɪdət/ Some of them have different usages in terms of the pronunciation. They are called “Heteronyms”. read – /riːd/ (the same as “reed”) means to perceive information provided in a written form; /rɛd/ (the same as “red”) is the past tense of the verb “to read”. tear – to /tɛə/ (UK), /tɛr/ (US) (rhyming with “fair”) means “to rip a solid material” (a /tɛə/ (UK), /tɛr/ (US) is a hole caused by tearing /tɛrɪŋ/); a /tɪə/(UK), /tɪr/ (US) (rhyming with “dear”) is a water drop coming from someone’s eyes. close – to /kləʊz/ (UK), /kloʊz/ (US) (rhyming with “doze”) is the opposite of the verb “open”; /kləʊs/ (notice the “s” at the end) is an adjective meaning “near”. lead – to /liːd/ (rhyming with “seed”) means “to guide or conduct” (/liːd/ can also be a noun meaning “the act of leading”); /lɛd/ (rhyming with “red”) is a chemical element with the symbol “Pb” (“plumbum” in Latin). graduate – a /ˈɡrædʒuət/ (with “oo-ət” at the end) is a person holding an academic degree; to /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ (rhyming with “late”) means to obtain an academic degree. Notice that although the pronunciation is different, there is no difference in stress position. Record - re-cord /ˈrɛkəd/– (noun) – something that is put in writing (or another permanent form, such as audio, film or a computer database) to preserve the information. re-cord (verb) /ˈrɛkɔːd/– the action of putting information in writing (or another permanent form) to preserve it Advocate - /ˈædvəkeɪt/ v. to argue for someone else /ˈædvəkᵻt/ n. a person who speaks in support of something live - /ˈlɪv/ v. to be alive /ˈlaɪv/ adj. having life Certificate - /səˈtɪfɪkət/, noun, An official document attesting a fact, in particular - /səˈtɪfɪkeɪt/ verb, Provide with or attest in an official document EXERCISE Read the sentences with the correct pronunciation.
UNIT 9 MOST COMMON MISPRONOUNCED WORDS - WEEK 8 Practice Saying These Words
Now Lets play “Flay Swatting” (OPTIONAL UNIT) PRONUNCIATION OF POPULAR NAMES & PHARASES 
Google the pronunciation of the following words. Adidas Nike
Mercedes Superb
Frankenstein Porsche
IKEA Tchibo
Mango Lacoste
IPhone Adobe
Game of Thornes Knight Online Call of Duty Assassin's Creed, Einstein Niche
Stephen King Barrack Obama Dido Beyoncé
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and f , become voiced when the -s suffix is added.