L. and Gossypium barbadense
Download 0.64 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- Abbreviations used in this document
- Preamble
The Biology of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L. (cotton) 
Version 3.0 July 2016 This document provides an overview of baseline biological information relevant to risk assessment of genetically modified forms of the species that may be released into the Australian environment. Version 3 has been updated to include new data on taxonomy and distribution of native Australian cotton species. Version 3 also contains new data on commercial uses of cotton, including yield, scale of cultivation and major commercial varieties used. New data has been added on toxins, water usage, weeds, pests and pathogens. For information on the Australian Government Office of the Gene Technology Regulator visit the OGTR website.
Abbreviations used in this document 5 Preamble 6 Section 1 Taxonomy 7 1.1 Taxonomy and distribution of native Australian cotton species 10 Section 2 Origin and Cultivation 11 2.1 Centre of diversity and domestication 11 2.2.1 Origin in Australia 13 2.2 Commercial uses 14 2.3 Cultivation in Australia 16
2.4 Crop Improvement 25 2.4.1 Breeding 25 2.4.2 Genetic modification 26 Section 3 Morphology 27 3.1 Plant morphology 27 3.2 Reproductive morphology 29
4.1 Reproduction 31 4.1.1 Asexual reproduction 31 4.1.2 Sexual reproduction 31 4.2 Pollination and pollen dispersal 33 4.2.1 Pollen 33 4.2.2 Pollination 34 4.2.3 Out-crossing rates 35 4.3 Fruit/seed development and seed dispersal 37 4.3.1 Fruit development 37 4.3.2 Seed dispersal 38 4.4 Seed dormancy and germination 41 4.4.1 Seed dormancy 41 4.4.2 Germination 41 4.4.3 Seedling survival 43 4.5 Vegetative growth 43 Section 5 Biochemistry 43 5.1 Toxins 44 5.1.1 Gossypol 44 5.1.2 Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids 46 5.2 Allergens 46 5.3 Beneficial phytochemicals 47
6.1 Nutrient requirements 48 6.2 Temperature requirements and tolerances 49 6.3 Water use 50 6.4 Other tolerances 51
7.1 Weeds 52 7.1.1 Weed Control 53 7.2 Pests and pathogens 53 7.2.1 Pests 53 7.2.2 Pathogens 57 7.3 Other interactions 59 Section 8 Weediness 60 8.1 Weediness status on a global scale 60 8.2 Weediness status in Australia 60 8.3 Weediness in agricultural ecosystems 61 8.4 Weediness in natural ecosystems 62 8.5 Control measures 63 8.6 Weed risk assessment of cotton 64
9.1 Intraspecific crossing 65 9.2 Natural interspecific and intergeneric crossing 65
9.3 Crossing under experimental conditions 67 9.3.1 Cross-pollination with G- and K-genome natives 68 9.3.2 Cross-pollination with C-genome natives 69 9.3.3 Cross-pollination with other plant taxa 70 REFERENCES 71 Appendix A Weeds of Cotton 99 APPENDIX B Weed Risk Assessment of Cotton 101 ACT Australian Capital Territory AFLP Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism APVMA Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority CBTV Cotton bunchy top virus CLCuV Cotton leaf curl virus CPFA Cyclopropenoid fatty acids CRC Cooperative research Centre CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DPI Department of Primary Industry ELS Extra long-staple cotton FSANZ Food Standards Australia New Zealand ha Hectare ML megalitre n Haploid number of chromosomes NSW New South Wales NT Northern Territory OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development QLD Queensland QTL Quantitative Trait Locus RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms SA South Australia spp. Species TAS Tasmania VAM Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae VIC Victoria WA Western Australia PreambleThis document describes the biology of Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) and Gossypium barbadense (pima cotton), with particular reference to the Australian environment, cultivation and use. Information included relates to the taxonomy and origins of cultivated G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, general descriptions of their morphology, reproductive biology, development, biochemistry, biotic and abiotic interactions. This document also addresses the potential for gene transfer to occur to closely related species. The purpose of this document is to provide baseline information about the parent organism in risk assessments of genetically modified G. hirsutum or G. barbadense that may be released into the Australian environment. In this document, the word “cotton” is used to refer to information relevant to both G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, where the information only relates to one species it will be stated as G. hirsutum or G. barbadense. In nature, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense are perennial shrubs. However, in the agricultural system both species are cultivated as annuals, with destruction of plants after harvesting the fruit for seed and fibre. The plants are mainly grown for their fibre, cotton lint, which is used in textiles and clothing. Neither species is native to Australia, but grown as a mostly irrigated crop in northern New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (QLD).
Directory: internet internet -> Applications and limitations internet -> Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Practice Standard internet -> Practice Exercise Created By Stavros Charalambous The Internet internet -> It’s a good Topic internet -> National Preventative Health Strategy – the roadmap for action internet -> Downloading gps gr-3 Surveys Summary of Procedure internet -> 3G300m-how to setup the 3g router Mode? Product line: 3g question categories: Function configurations Note internet -> Installation Work has never been simpler or easier internet -> All applications must be submitted by 12/01/2015 to be eligible Download 0.64 Mb. Share with your friends:
|