Executive summary 4
Perceived likelihood of experiencing malware infections 4
Protection of home computers and laptops against harmful software 5
Protection of mobile devices from harmful software 5
Who is responsible for protecting consumers against harmful software? 5
Introduction 7
Research objectives 7
Research methodology 7
Background information 8
Overview of internet use 10
Key findings 14
Introduction—what is malware? 14
Perceived likelihood of experiencing malware 14
Protections against harmful software and viruses 20
Who is responsible for protecting users against harmful software? 25
Appendixes 29
Appendix A—Survey design and methodology 29
Appendix B—Survey questionnaire (malware component) 31
In 2012, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (the ACMA) commissioned a national telephone survey with 1,500 Australians aged 18 years and over and four focus group discussions also conducted with adults. Part of this research examined Australians’ awareness of possible threats from malware (malicious software), the use of protections against harmful software, and views on whose responsibility it is to protect computers against malware.
Malware infections enable computers, and potentially tablets and smartphones, to be controlled remotely for illegal or harmful purposes without the users’ knowledge. Possible repercussions for internet users include the mass distribution of spam, hosting of phishing sites or identity theft.
This research provides a context for the ACMA’s activities relating to malware, notably the Australian Internet Security Initiative (AISI) under which participating internet providers—mainly internet service providers (ISPs) and universities—are notified of malware infections affecting their customers; and the ACMA’s Cybersmart program, which helps children and families to use the internet safely and securely.
Summary of internet use
To provide context for these research findings on malware, the study found that 86 per cent of Australian adults used the internet for personal purposes. Personal internet users comprised almost all of the 18–24 age group (99 per cent) and usage declined with age. People aged 65 years and over were least likely to be internet users (60 per cent).