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Music History Medieval
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| Date | 13.06.2017 | | Size | 43.53 Kb. | | #20568 |
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           Music
History
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Medieval
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Renaissance
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Baroque
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BASIC DATA
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c. 800-1450
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1450 - 1600
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1600 - 1750
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France, Italy
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Italy, France, England
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Germany, Italy,
England, France
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Monks (Why?... ________, __________, ___________)
Leonin & Perotin
Machaut
Dufay
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Des Prez
Palestrina
Byrd
Gabrieli
Monteverdi
Morley
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Bach - keyboard music,
suites, cantatas
Handel - oratorios, operas,
suites
Vivaldi - concertos (many
for violin)
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CHARACTERISTICS
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FORMS
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• Chant
• Organum
• Mass
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• mass
• motet
• madrigal
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• concerto
• opera
• oratorio
• cantata
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• sonata
• fugue
• suite
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voice, lute, sackbut, recorder, shawm (oboe), slide trumpet
Hurdy Gurdy
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voice, organ (invented!), shawm, sackbut, viola da gamba
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strings, harpsichord, voice, organ, flute, oboe,
french horn, timpani, (Chamber Orchestra)
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ELEMENTS&
FEATURES
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• monophonic texture;
polyphony began
• music notation (neumes)
• religious music
• monks / travelling
Musicians (minstrels)
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• polyphonic texture
• religious music
• a cappella vocal music
• word painting
Musicians (minstrels)
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• polyphonic texture
• religious music
• binary forms
• terraced dynamics (no < >)
• improvisation
• ornamentation (trills...)
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Chant = Haec Dies
anon. Royal Estampie #4
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Farmer Fair Phyllis
Morley My Bonny Lass She Smileth
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Handel Water Music; Messiah
Vivaldi Spring (Four Seasons)
Bach Toccata in d-
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Music History
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CLASSICAL
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Romantic
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CONTEMPORARY
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BASIC DATA
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1750 - 1825
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1825 - 1900
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1900 -
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Germany/Austria,
France, Italy
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Germany/Austria:
Schubert, Schumann,
Brahms, Wagner, Mahler
France: Berlioz, Bizet
Hungary: Liszt
Czechoslovakia: Dvorak
Russia: Tchaikovsky
Poland: Chopin
Italy: Verdi
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France: Debussy, Ravel
Germany: Schoenberg, Berg
Russia: Stravinsky,
Prokofiev
Hungary: Bartok
UK: Holst, Britten
US: Copland, Ives;
also: JAZZ & ROCK
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Haydn (1723-1809): 104
symphonies, string quartets
Mozart (1756-1791): 41
symphonies, operas, piano
Beethoven (1770-1827):
9 symphonies, piano
sonatas
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CHARACTERISTICS
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FORMS
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• symphony
• string quartet
• sonata
• theme & variations
• rondo
• minuet
• opera (Mozart)
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• symphony (expanded)
• opera (Verdi/Wagner)
• art song
• symphonic poem
• character piece (piano)
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• Classical & Baroque forms
• formless music
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add trumpet, clarinet, trombone
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piano; add tuba, piccolo, harp, percussion
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add saxophone, electronic instruments & more percussion
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ELEMENTS&
FEATURES
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• highly structured
• homophonic texture
• consonance
• aristocratic audience
• secular music
• ternary forms
• dynamics: < and >
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• expressive/emotional
• Nationalism; Program Music (music tells a story)
• homophonic to
polyphonic
• Some dissonance (new chords!)
• middle class audience
• Expansion of forms… Leitmotifs
• dynamics: fff / ppp / fp /sfz
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• highly dissonant
(generally)
• many styles:
impressionism
expressionism
serialism
atonality (no key)
aleatoric (random) music
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Haydn Surprise Symphony
Mozart The Magic Flute;
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
Beethoven Symphony #5;
Moonlight Sonata
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Tchaikovsky Nutcracker Suite
Dvorak Symphony #9 (New
World), II & IV
Wagner – “The Love Duet” – Tristan and Isolde
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Copland Rodeo
Cage 4'33"
Crumb - Ancient Voices of
Children
Laurie Anderson – O Superman
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