Napoleon Powerpoint Presentation Notes Packet Napoleons’ Rise to Power

Born 1769 on the Mediterranean Island of ______________ to poor family of noble origins

Corsica had been captured by the French; Napoleon’s French status was due to an ____________ of __________________!

A French patron paid for the best education available for Napoleon; he was an exceptional student!

Sought career advancement in the French army

Character traits from the Enlightenment

_________________, ______________________, non-traditional, liberal, _____________________, __________, individualistic, rational, ________________

Attended military school from ages ____ to ______ and became a lieutenant in the artillery

When the Revolution broke out Napoleon joined the army of the government

October 1795 - Napoleon became a hero by protecting the National Convention from a mob “whiff of grapeshot”

The Directory in 1796 appointed Napoleon to lead the French army against _______________

Napoleon was victorious against the Austrians

Napoleon attempted to take on the British in ______________ in 1799 but was repelled, and Admiral ___________________ of the British naval fleet defeated the French naval forces in Egypt at the Battle of the __________.

Early Triumphs of Napoleon Bonaparte

Joined French artillery corps as a lieutenant

Appointed commander at _____________ (1793)

British ships destroyed; British forced to evacuate; victory for Napoleon!

Appointed brigadier _____________________ at ______

Counter-revolution (1795)

"Whiff of Grapeshot“—saves the National Convention from rioters; Napoleon rewarded with command

Commander of small army (1796-1797) in ________________.

Defeat of 4 armies in Austria

____st coalition against France collapsed

_____________ status in France

Military strategy (____________, ______________) brilliant!

Egypt invaded (1798) in an indirect attack on England; English fleet under Lord Nelson sank the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile and forced Napoleon to flee Egypt. British win in Egypt, but Napoleon is still revered

2nd coalition formed (1799-1801)

Napoleon returned to France to seize even more power in a coup d’etat in 1799, effectively ending the French Revolution.

Napoleon Understood how to Motivate:
Inspirational Military Genius!

"A man will fight harder for his interests than for his rights.“

Napoleon was a realist, a superb strategist, tactician and evaluator of men. He understood how to motivate his men to fight!

Napoleon Seizes Power in a Coup

In 1799 Napoleon returned from Egypt

November 1799 - Napoleon’s troops surround the National Legislature and formed a new government, replacing the ____________________ and placing him in command.

The new government was composed of three _____________, one of whom was Napoleon

Napoleon took the seat of the first consul and seized power in a successful __________ d’ etat

____________________, ______________, and ______________________ were determined to drive Napoleon from power

In 1800 a ___________________ or vote of the people approved a new constitution and gave all real power to the first consul, Napoleon!

In 1804 Napoleon decided to make himself ______________________.

On December 2, ___________ in Norte Dame Cathedral in Paris, Napoleon took the crown from the Pope and placed it on his own head

With this gesture Napoleon signaled that he was more powerful than the church which had traditionally crowned the rulers of France

Directory wanted stronger government

"Confidence from below, authority from above." – Abbé Sieyès

Set up 3 consuls to wield executive power; ____________________ rules as de facto _______________

Defeated ____nd coalition; Napoleon’s reputation grows

Napoleonic Wars—series of wars 1803-1815 involving Napoleon and the rest of Europe.

Napoleon tried to copy Caesar ___________________ in manner and outlook; saw himself as the inheritor of the French _______________________ and the leader of the French nation, as well as the vanguard of civilization!

"I closed the gulf of anarchy and brought order out of chaos. I rewarded merit regardless of birth or wealth, wherever I found it. I abolished feudalism and restored equality to all regardless of religion and before the law. I fought the decrepit monarchies of the Old Regime because the alternative was the destruction of all this. I purified the Revolution.“

– Napoleon Bonaparte

Why Napoleon Had Support

The leading elements of the 3rd Estate (petty government officials, landowners, _____________, __________________, _________________) had achieved most of their goals by __________

Had abolished hereditary _____________________, allowing people of talent to achieve wealth and status

Were not really excited about sharing wealth with the poor

Peasants had also gotten what they wanted

Got their ________________

Got rid of feudal ___________________

People were tired of the chaos, and Napoleon appeared to be the man who would give them security now that their privileges were won!

________________ unified _______________ and brought order out of revolutionary chaos---he was ____________________!

Domestic Policy as First Consul:
______________________________ Ideals Empowered!

___________ of _______________________ (1804)—unified ___________ code; equality under the law for everyone!

_____________ of France—centralized French _______________ system and stabilized the economy of France

Centralized state government—_____________________organization with central powers to the national bureaucracy; ________________________ management structure.

Relations with Catholic Church—_________________ the movement to de-Christianize France and allowed the Catholic Church to function under the guise of religious tolerance, an ______________________ virtue.

Education system—universal ________________ education

Support of ___________________—endorsement and support for the ideals of science and scientists who advance the knowledge of man

Napoleon’s Policies

Church-State Relations

Antireligious nature of French Revolution over

Concordat recognized influence of Roman Catholic Church

Economic Reforms

Established the Bank of France to regulate economy

More efficient ___________-collection system

_____________ Controls

_____________ and ____________________________

__________________________ Code developed

Order and authority over individual rights

Schools for government and military positions

Legacy—Age of Napoleon

Democratic ideas

Equality before law (Napoleonic Code), representative system

Spread of nationalism (modern nation-state)

French ________________ made him their ___________________

Disappointment for some; ________ of the ________________________

Napoleon rules by ____________________

Attempts to increase presence in America

Territorial expansion and war

______rd Coalition (1805)

Military Accomplishments and Empire

Napoleon sold __________________ Territory in North America to the United States to gain money and to punish the British

He annexed the Netherlands, parts of Italy, and controlled Switzerland

__________________, _______________, _________________, and Sweden joined forces to stop Napoleon’s expansion

Napoleon crushed the opposition at the Battle of ____________________ in 1805, where Napoleon heaped praise upon his troops for the historic victory

The defeated nations of , Austria, Russia, and Prussia signed peace treaties

The only undefeated enemy was _______________________________.

Napoleon’s only major loss came at the Battle of ________________________, where British Admiral Horatio _____________________ defeated the French fleet on October 21, 1805

By _____________ Napoleon either controlled or had major influence in most of _____________

He used puppets in other countries to control them and even some members of his family

He held this largest extent of the Empire together from 1807 – 1812

Continental System

Foreign policy of Napoleon revolved around __________________ Britain and enforcing an___________________ on trade.

_________________ Decree (1806) Napoleon, controlling all of continental Europe, decreed that trade with the British Isles was forbidden to all.

Failure of Continental System: __________________ controlled the _______ with her_____________!

British Orders in Council of 1807 directed the Royal Navy to blockade French ports and intercept French sea traffic.

_____________ Decree of 1807 ordered that all neutral shipping using British ports or trading with Britain were liable to be seized.

Ultimately the _____________________ System was ____________________ and Napoleon eventually turned his attention to the continent, where _________________ dominated on __________.

Napoleonic Wars:
Europe v. Napoleon

War of the Third Coalition (1805)

Britain, Austria & Russia against France.

France lost at sea (Battle of _________________, but won on land, (battle of ___________________)

War of the Fourth Coalition (1806)

Britain, Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden

War of the Fifth Coalition (1809)

Austria & Britain against France

Treaty of __________________, signed on 14 October _______ ended the war. Napoleon was victorious!

Napoleon’s Fall From Power

Napoleon’s desire to crush Britain forced him into serious mistakes

He started the Continental System or blockade of Britain and it was a ______________

________________ countered with their own _________________ of France that was more effective due to the _____________________ of the British __________!

Napoleon was starved of resources!

Napoleon’s Fall From Power

The ____________________ War (1807) in Portugal started a guerilla uprising against French troops in Spain. Napoleon invaded Portugal and ______________.

The Invasion of ______________ in__________ was Napoleon’s most disastrous ______________

Napoleon’s ______________ raised hopes in Britain, Russia, Prussia and Sweden that he could be vanquished.

Napoleon reorganized and reequipped his armies and faced the allied opposition at Leipzig, Germany, October, 16 -19, 1813

Napoleon was defeated at ________________and the Allied forces rushed towards Paris

1812—invasion of Russia to eliminate threat in the east; 600,000 Grand ______________ captures Moscow, but ___________________ earth strategy leaves no ________________, _____________________ ensues!

Absolute defeat; Russian ________________ won! French troops ____________ and __________________!

Only 40,000 men returned! Napoleon abandoned his army and got back to Paris 6 weeks before his troops did.

Abdicated in 1814 and sent to island of Elba

Louis XVIII became the new constitutional monarch for France

Napoleon plots return to France

Napoleon’s Fall From Power

On April 13, 1814 Napoleon ratified the Treaty of ______________________, and the terms of surrender and was banished or _____________ to the island of ___________.

A new king assumed the throne, Louis XVIII but he was very unpopular

Napoleon escaped from Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815

The French ________________ and the ______________ quickly rallied around him as he raised an _______________ on the road to __________.

Napoleon quickly seized power and was again the _____________________of France

The ______________ led by the Duke of _______________________ prepared for battle near the town of ______________________, Belgium

On June _____, ____________ the Battle of _____________________ began and days later Napoleon was defeated by the Allies in one of the most momentous battles in human history.

After Napoleon escaped from Elba and King Louis XVIII fled France, Napoleon ruled for short period (_____ days) and organized French army for war against the allies.

Napoleon sought to split the ______________ and ___________________, destroy each army and then attack the ___________________.

Defeat in Belgium by the allies under the Duke of Wellington sealed Napoleon’s fate; he ________!

Napoleon was shipped to St __________________, a remote island in the South Atlantic, exiled until his death in_____________ from stomach cancer (although he may have been poisoned by arsenic)

1840—Napoleon’s remains moved to Paris; celebrated as a hero!

Napoleon was pivotal in developing the modern ____________-_____________!

The __________________ of Europe was the broad cooperation between Europe's great powers after 1815. Its purpose was to maintain the peace settlement concluded at the Congress of Vienna following the defeat of Napoleonic France. The Concert of Europe was also known as the _____________ System, and the person at the forefront of the Concert of Europe was Klemens Wenzel von ____________________ of Austria. Specifically, the aim of the Concert of Europe was for the leading nations in Europe - Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia - to work together to __________________ the outbreak of _____________________ in each nation.

The Congress of Vienna met for the purpose of restoring order to Europe.

Klemens von Metternich’s 3 goals:

1 Make sure the French would not attack another country again

2 He wanted a balance of power so no one country would be a threat to another.

3 He wanted to return legitimacy back to the kings Napoleon had driven out.

He supported many of the changes of the French ___________________, including _________________ in ________________ life and destruction of privilege.

He put the French economy on solid footing by setting up an efficient _______ collection system and a national _________________ system

He overhauled the government to end corruption and improve ___________________; ______________________ in government jobs

He set up Lycees or government-run _________________________; ____________ public __________________________!

He restored the position of the Catholic Church in France and allowed it to operate

He introduced a comprehensive set of laws known as the ________________________ Code, giving France a uniform set of _______

He was greatly loved and admired by the French people as a hero of France.