New research on development issues in Vietnam Volume 9, number 24
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- Agriculture and Rural development
- Impact of Climate Change on the Technical Efficiency of Striped Catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
- Designing river flows to improve food security futures in the Lower Mekong Basin.
- Effectiveness and efficiency of community-based forest management in Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai Province.
- Synergies among climate change and biodiversity conservation measures and policies in the forest sector: A case study of Southeast Asian countries.
- Livestock Production, Rural Poverty, and Perceived Shocks: Evidence from Panel Data for Vietnam.
- Economic development
- c ô ng b ằ ng trong chi ti ê u c ô ng.
- Taking Stock, December 2017 : An Update on Vietnam’s Recent Economic Developments -- special focus : improving efficiency and equity of public spending.
- Vi ệ t Nam: B á o c á o v ề Tu â n th ủ c á c Ti ê u chu ẩ n v à M ã
- Vietnam Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Accounting and Auditing Module.
- Social enterprises in vietnam: Strategies, models and policy implications.
- Understanding socially responsible investing: The growing issues and motives in Vietnam.
- International Investment Dispute Resolution in Vietnam: Opportunities and Challenges.
| New research on development issues in Vietnam - Volume 9, number 24 (2017 December 20)
Impact of International Experience and Innovation Capacity on the Export Performance of Vietnamese Agricultural SMEs. Impact of Climate Change on the Technical Efficiency of Striped Catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Designing river flows to improve food security futures in the Lower Mekong Basin. Effectiveness and efficiency of community-based forest management in Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai Province. Synergies among climate change and biodiversity conservation measures and policies in the forest sector: A case study of Southeast Asian countries. Livestock Production, Rural Poverty, and Perceived Shocks: Evidence from Panel Data for Vietnam. Economic development ĐIỂM LẠI: Cập nhật tình hình phát triển kinh tế Việt Nam -- Chuyên đề đặc biệt: Cải thiện hiệu suất và công bằng trong chi tiêu công. Taking Stock, December 2017 : An Update on Vietnam’s Recent Economic Developments -- special focus : improving efficiency and equity of public spending. Việt Nam: Báo cáo về Tuân thủ các Tiêu chuẩn và Mã (ROSC): Lĩnh vực kế toán và kiểm toán. Vietnam Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Accounting and Auditing Module. Social enterprises in vietnam: Strategies, models and policy implications. Understanding socially responsible investing: The growing issues and motives in Vietnam. International Investment Dispute Resolution in Vietnam: Opportunities and Challenges. Education Global Citizenship Education in Secondary Science: A Survey on ASEAN Educators. Empirical Study on Public High School System in Vietnam: Post Doi Moi. Áp dụng thử một số phương pháp xác định đóng góp của khoa học và công nghệ đối với tăng trưởng kinh tế ở Việt Nam (A trial application of some methods to determining the contribution of science and technology for economic growth in Vietnam). Environment Can dams be designed for sustainability? How coral reef conservation and marine protected areas impact human well-being: a case study of a marine protected area and fishing communities in Central Vietnam. The mangrove's contribution to people: Interdisciplinary pilot study of the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve in Viet Nam. Coastal erosion vulnerability of Kien Giang - the Western Mekong River Delta Coast in Vietnam. Environmental Disasters in the Mekong Subregion: Looking Beyond State Boundaries. Long-term recovery narratives following major disasters in Southeast Asia. Air quality study in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2015–2016 based on a one-year observation of NOx, O3, CO and a one-week observation of VOCs. Impacts of alternate wetting and drying on greenhouse gas emission from paddy field in Central Vietnam. A comparison of solid waste generation rate between types of hotel in Hoian ancient city, Vietnam. Spatial variations of arsenic in groundwater from a transect in the Northwestern Hanoi. A study on household solid waste characteristics and recycling behavior modeling: A case study in Da Nang city, Vietnam. Waste Municipal Service and Informal Recycling Sector in Fast-Growing Asian Cities: Co-Existence, Opposition or Integration? Gender Troubling Love: Gender, Class, and Sideshadowing the “Happy Family” in Vietnam. Governance Citizen Participation in Vietnam's Local Government: Impact on Transparency and Accountability. Healthcare and Population Assessment of injection safety in Ha Dong General Hospital, Hanoi, in 2012. Countries of the Greater Mekong making inroads in the race towards elimination. Mothers' willingness to pay for daughters' HPV vaccine in northern Vietnam. Non-communicable diseases, food and nutrition in Vietnam from 1975 to 2015: the burden and national response. Screening for tuberculosis: Updated recommendations. Implementation and assessment of diverse strategies for physical activity promotion in Vietnam—A case report. Microbial Risk Assessment of Tidal−Induced Urban Flooding in Can Tho City (Mekong Delta, Vietnam). Supporting surveillance capacity for antimicrobial resistance: Laboratory capacity strengthening for drug resistant infections in low and middle income countries [version 1; referees: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. The Convergence of Policies to Fight Prenatal Sexual Selection: South Korea, India and Vietnam. Reproductive tract infection and related factors among female migrants working in industrial zones in Vietnam 2013-2014. Energy The determinants of electricity consumption for ASEAN countries. Transport A Comprehensive Approach to Motorcycle-Related Head Injury Prevention: Experiences from the Field in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Uganda. Urban development Governing Cross-Border Effects of Disasters in Urbanising Asia: What Do We Know? Using Multi-Criteria Analysis to Evalutate the Level of Urbanization in Ho Chi Minh City from 2004 to 2012. Urban Transformations Across Borders: The Interwoven Influence of Regionalisation, Urbanisation and Climate Change in the Mekong Region. Social development Improving the Delivery of Social Protection through ICT: Case Studies in Mongolia, Nepal, and Viet Nam. Water Drinking Water Options in the Context of Arsenic Contamination in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Governance conditions for adaptive freshwater management in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Membrane distillation for seawater desalination applications in Vietnam: Potential and challenges.
Agriculture and Rural development
Impact of International Experience and Innovation Capacity on the Export Performance of Vietnamese Agricultural SMEs. Do Binh, Duc Bui Huu and Moon Hee Cheol. Journal of Global Business and Trade, 2017, volume 13, number 2, pp. 1-10.
Abstract: International experience and innovation capacity are factors often related to the internationalization processes of firms. The main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of international experience and innovation capacity on the export performance of Vietnamese agricultural SMEs in order to identify which factor is more significant. The Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities approach were used as theoretical frameworks. The data were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results indicate that international experience has a greater impact on export performance than innovation capacity, showing that there is possibility of overemphasizing the role of innovation capacity in the export performance of Vietnamese agricultural SMEs. Impact of Climate Change on the Technical Efficiency of Striped Catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Lam A. Nguyen, Tung B. V. Pham, Roel Bosma, Johan Verreth, Rik Leemans and others. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2017.
Abstract: The technical efficiency of randomly sampled pangasius farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam was estimated using data envelopment analysis, and factors affecting technical and scale efficiency were examined with bootstrap truncated regression. The mean technical efficiency score assuming variable returns to scale was 0.84. The technical efficiency of downstream farmers was higher due to lower energy costs and stocking once a year. Most of the up- and midstream farms needed to pump water and stocked at least three times in 2 yr. Regression analysis showed a positive effect on technical efficiency of the farmers' education level and having experienced climate change impact through flooding or salinity intrusion in the past. Farms affected by salinity intrusion had a lower scale efficiency as they reduce stocking frequency and rate. In general, reducing fish mortality and the cost of inputs, increasing scale of operation, and being trained, using appropriate methods, in management strategies may improve technical efficiency. Back to top Designing river flows to improve food security futures in the Lower Mekong Basin. J. L. Sabo, A. Ruhi, G. W. Holtgrieve, V. Elliott, M. E. Arias and others. Science, 2017, volume 358, number 6368. Abstract: Hydropower dams radically alter river flow regimes, often with consequences for the functioning and productivity of the waters downstream. Where fisheries in large tropical river systems are affected, there can be knock-on effects on food security. For the Mekong River, Sabo et al. used a data-based time series modeling approach to estimate the features of the flow regime that optimize the fishery that is crucial to food security in Cambodia (see the Perspective by Poff and Olden). Fish futures can be maximized within a managed hydrologic system with careful prescription of flows. Such data-driven approaches can be used to link hydrology to ecology and food production and specify design principles that could help to deliver food security in other river systems.Science, this issue p. eaao1053; see also p. 1252INTRODUCTIONThe Mekong River provides renewable energy and food security for a population of more than 60 million people in six countries: China, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Seasonal rains flood the river’s floodplain and delta. This flood pulse fuels what is likely the world’s largest freshwater fishery in Cambodia’s Tonle Sap Lake, with >2 million tonnes of annual harvest valued at ~$2 billion. Hydropower development is crucial to the region’s economic prosperity and is simultaneously a threat to fisheries and agriculture that thrived in the natural-flow regime. The Mekong is testament to the food, energy, and water challenges facing tropical rivers globally.RATIONALEWe hypothesized that high fisheries yields are driven by measurable attributes of hydrologic variability, and that these relationships can be used to design and implement future flow regimes that improve fisheries yield through control of impending hydropower operations. Hydrologic attributes that drive strong fisheries yields were identified using a data-driven approach that combined 17 years of discharge and standardized harvest data with several time-series methods in the frequency and time domains. We then analyzed century-scale time series of discharge data on the Mekong and associated hydroclimate data sets to understand how current dams, independent of climate, have changed key drivers of the fishery since the early 1960s. Finally, we used estimated hydrologic drivers of the historical bag net, or “Dai,” fishery on the Tonle Sap River—the largest commercial fishery in the Mekong—to design better fisheries futures by comparing designed flows to current and pre-dam (natural-flow) regimes.RESULTSOur analysis identified several features of hydrologic variability that portend strong fisheries yield. These include two “high-level” descriptors: flood pulse extent (FPExt) and net annual anomaly (NAA). FPExt, which combines flood magnitude and duration, has long been hypothesized to drive fisheries yield in ecosystems subject to flood pulses, such as the Mekong. NAA is the annual sum of daily residual flows standardized to the long-term average hydrograph. Hence, NAA is a compact measure of hydrologic variance and can be further decomposed into nine shape “components.” Several of these components drive high fisheries yields, including a long low-flow period followed by a short, strong flood pulse with multiple peaks. All essential drivers of the flood pulse fishery have been changing since the closure of the first Mekong tributary dam and are independent of changes associated with climate observed over the past century. The direction of these changes is consistent with declining fisheries yield in the Tonle Sap. Projection of the fishery driven by a hypothetical “designer” hydrograph capturing the key shape features associated with strong yield improved harvest relative to current conditions; yield was projected to exceed that of the natural-flow regime by a factor of 3.7. This result was robust to the inclusion of density-dependent recruitment in our time-series model.CONCLUSIONA data-driven approach reveals a new perspective on hydrologic drivers of fishery productivity in the Mekong. The extent f the flood pulse is paramount, as previous literature suggests, but so are other descriptors of hydrologic variation, including anomalous low flows. Variance is key—specifically, the sequence and timing of within-year anomalous high and low flows. A focus on variance shifts the conversation from “How much water do we need?” to “When do we need it the most, and when can we spare it?” Beneficial components of variance in the hydrograph can be described by a simple Fourier series—an asymmetric rectangular pulse train. A quantitative ecological objective function fills a critical gap in the balancing of fisheries harvest with other important objective functions including hydropower generation, rice production, and transportation. This opens the possibility of specifying and implementing flow regimes to manage rivers to satisfice trade-offs between fishery productivity and other ecosystem services provided by tropical rivers subject to flood pulses.Subsistence fisher tending nets on the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia.PHOTO BY J. L. SABORivers provide unrivaled opportunity for clean energy via hydropower, but little is known about the potential impact of dam-building on the food security these rivers provide. In tropical rivers, rainfall drives a periodic flood pulse fueling fish production and delivering nutrition to more than 150 million people worldwide. Hydropower will modulate this flood pulse, thereby threatening food security. We identified variance components of the Mekong River flood pulse that predict yield in one of the largest freshwater fisheries in the world. We used these variance components to design an algorithm for a managed hydrograph to explore future yields. This algorithm mimics attributes of discharge variance that drive fishery yield: prolonged low flows followed by a short flood pulse. Designed flows increased yield by a factor of 3.7 relative to historical hydrology. Managing desired components of discharge variance will lead to greater efficiency in the Lower Mekong Basin food system.
Back to top Effectiveness and efficiency of community-based forest management in Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai Province. Nguyen Ha Anh and Tran Thi Thu Ha. Journal of forestry science and technology, 2017, volume 5. Free full text http://vnuf.edu.vn/documents/4400543/5135893/19.Nguyen.Ha.Anh%2BTran.Thu.Ha.pdf.
Abstract: Community-based forest management (CBFM) is a strategy aiming to improve livelihoods of forest user, reduce poverty, conserve natural resources, and promote good governance and decentralization by increasing the role of local people in governing and managing forest resources. Since 2004, Vietnam has started to adopt CBFM as an important land-use policy and applied in several mountainous areas, mostly for areas which have National Park. This study aims at assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of CBFM implementation in Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai province. The results showed that the current CBFM implementation in Hoang Lien National park is receiving more attention from local community than before. However, the participation of community just reaches moderate level associated with low educational and income level or local awareness of forest resources, which are the factors that influence CBFM efficiency and effectiveness. Solutions are also recommended and focus on raising local awareness to enhance people’s participation, increasing human resource capacity for management and supporting local incomes. Synergies among climate change and biodiversity conservation measures and policies in the forest sector: A case study of Southeast Asian countries. Kanako Morita and Ken’ichi Matsumoto. Forest Policy & Economics, 2018, volume 87.
Abstract: Forest conservation contributes to climate change mitigation, adaptation, and biodiversity/ecosystem conservation. To enhance the co-benefits of forest conservation, it is important to promote synergies among the three measures—mitigation, adaptation, and biodiversity/ecosystem conservation—in the forest sector and eliminate the overlaps among the three measures. However, limited research exists on the analysis of their synergies. This study explores the potential for synergy among the three forest sector measures, utilizing: 1) indicators that assess enabling conditions for synergies among the three measures at the different institutional levels of policies and strategies, institutional arrangements, and financing and programs/projects; and 2) case studies of five countries in Southeast Asia: Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Lao PDR, and Cambodia. This analysis shows that the five countries all require various changes at different institutional levels in order to enhance their synergy potentials. The findings indicate the importance of national actors, financial mechanisms, programs, and projects in addressing the three measures. In terms of national actors, Thailand has the highest synergy potential due to its national-level committees and a single ministry that addresses all three measures. To enhance their synergy potentials, the other countries need to create national-level committees that address the three measures, and/or they need to enhance collaboration between the various ministries that represent the environment and forestry issues. At the financing and program/project aspects, Vietnam has the highest synergy potential. The other four countries need to develop common national funds that finance the three measures and/or develop joint programs and projects that address the three measures simultaneously. Back to top
Livestock Production, Rural Poverty, and Perceived Shocks: Evidence from Panel Data for Vietnam. Truong Lam Do, Trung Thanh Nguyen and Ulrike Grote. The Journal of Development Studies, 2017, pp. 1-21.
Abstract: This paper assesses the contribution of livestock to reducing rural poverty and examines the determinants of livestock assets with panel data from Vietnam. The findings show that livestock production contributes to reducing poverty and livestock assets are influenced by the number of shocks that households faced during the last three years, access to credits, farmland size, education of household head, irrigation system, and access to the national electricity. We suggest that empowering rural households to better cope with shocks contributes to developing livestock and consequently to reducing rural poverty. Economic development
ĐIỂM LẠI: Cập nhật tình hình phát triển kinh tế Việt Nam -- Chuyên đề đặc biệt: Cải thiện hiệu suất và công bằng trong chi tiêu công. Dinh, Viet Tuan; Eckardt, Sebastian; Vu, Quyen Hoang; Pimhidzai, Obert. Ngân hàng Thế giới, 2017. Free full text https://goo.gl/nLyD1U.
Theo nhận định tại báo cáo Điểm lại, một ấn phẩm bán thường niên về tình hình kinh tế Việt Nam của Ngân hàng Thế giới, tăng trưởng dự kiến tăng 6,7% trong năm 2017. Nhìn về trung hạn, tăng trưởng được dự báo sẽ ổn định ở mức khoảng 6,5%, lạm phát dự kiến vẫn ở mức thấp. Báo cáo ghi nhận tình hình tài khóa đang được thắt chặt hơn, dẫn đến bội chi ngân sách giảm xuống và tốc độ tăng nợ công được kiềm chế. Tuy nhiên, cắt giảm đầu tư công - xuống còn 16% tổng chi trong sáu tháng đầu năm 2017 so với 25% trong những năm qua - chưa hẳn đã được cho là bền vững về lâu dài khi Việt Nam vẫn cần đầu tư nhiều cho hạ tầng để hỗ trợ tăng trưởng trong tương lai.
Chuyên đề đặc biệt của Điểm lại kỳ này tập trung vào chủ đề cải thiện năng suất và công bằng trong chi tiêu công. Khi nợ công tiến sát hạn mức 65% GDP theo luật định, Chính phủ Việt Nam phải đối mặt với những hạn chế đòi hỏi phải thắt chặt ngân sách trong vài năm tới. Chuyên đề đặc biệt kỳ này nhằm tìm hiểu về những cải cách chi tiêu căn bản ở các dịch vụ công thiết yếu nhằm chỉ ra cơ hội kiềm chế tăng chi thông qua cải thiện năng suất chi tiêu. Back to top
Taking Stock, December 2017 : An Update on Vietnam’s Recent Economic Developments -- special focus : improving efficiency and equity of public spending. Dinh, Viet Tuan; Eckardt, Sebastian; Vu, Quyen Hoang; Pimhidzai, Obert. World Bank, 2017. Free full text https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29032
Abstract: The report examines how Vietnam’s economy has fared in a strengthening global economy in 2017, the drivers of Vietnam’s recent economic performance, growth prospect and the country’s progress in structural reform, among others. It also includes a special section on how to improve efficiency and equity of public spending, as budget deficit is being contained. Việt Nam: Báo cáo về Tuân thủ các Tiêu chuẩn và Mã (ROSC): Lĩnh vực kế toán và kiểm toán. Ngân hàng Thế giới. Ngân hàng Thế giới, 2016. Free full text https://goo.gl/WA55bQ.
Abstract: Báo cáo ROSC tập trung vào việc đánh giá các chuẩn mực kế toán, kiểm toán và thực tế áp dụng tại các đơn vị có lợi ích công chúng, cũng như khuôn khổ thể chế của hệ thống báo cáo tài chính doanh nghiệp tại Việt Nam. Báo cáo này là nhằm giúp xây dựng một hệ thống kế toán, kiểm toán vững chắc, thông qua việc tạo lập và nâng cao nhận thức về tầm quan trọng của việc tồn tại một hệ thống báo cáo tài chính doanh nghiệp và kiểm toán chất lượng cao. Báo cáo chỉ ra những bất cập hiện đang tồn tại và hướng giải quyết. Các khuyến nghị đưa ra nhằm mục đích hỗ trợ quá trình thực hiện “Chiến lược về Kế toán và Kiểm toán của Chính phủ tới năm 2020, tầm nhìn 2030”, làm cơ sở cho việc cập nhật kế hoạch hành động tương ứng. Báo cáo chỉ đề cập đến báo cáo tài chính và kiểm toán theo luật định của các đơn vị có lợi ích công chúng, không đề cập đến các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa (DNNVV) và doanh nghiệp có vốn đầu tư nước ngoài (FDI). Vietnam Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Accounting and Auditing Module. World Bank. World Bank, 2016. Free full text https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28993.
Abstract: Vietnam's rapid economic growth since the late 1980s has brought it quickly to middle income–country status, a performance surpassed only by China. This growth has slowed in recent years, however, due to the weaker external environment and a slowdown in reforms. Vietnam has the potential to join the ranks of upper middle income countries in the next twenty years, but this will require tough choices and actions to deepen market institutions, create a level playing field for the private sector and the state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and build a modern financial sector. Vietnam is embarking on a process of implementing a broad range of reforms designed to realize its aspiration of becoming high-income country. As outlined in the recently published World Bank report 'Vietnam 2035', Vietnam compares well with upper-income-countries in Government effectiveness and political stability, but ranks poorly for voice and accountability and regulatory quality (which measures the perceptions of the capacity of the state to formulate and implement policies aimed at private-sector development). Social enterprises in vietnam: Strategies, models and policy implications. Truong Nam Thang. International Conference on Social Entrepreneurship - Fostering and Scaling Social Innovation in Asia (Hội thảo Quốc tế về Tinh thần Kinh doanh vì Xã hội - Tăng cường và Phát triển, 2017. Free full text http://csie.neu.edu.vn/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ICSE-Hanoi-2017_-Confererence-Proceedings.pdf#page=60.
Abstract: Social enterprise has been officially recognized in the Emended Enterprise Law in 2014, although this new concept was introduced in Vietnam in 2008. We estimated there are now about 1,000 working social enterprises, however, only 30 companies registered under the new Enterprise Law. The article introduces the concepts related to social enterprises such as social entrepreneurship, social enterprise, social economy, four social enterprise models, three general models and seven operational models. By building a database of more than 200 enterprises, a picture of social enterprise in Vietnam in 2017 is provided in terms of number, age, main sector, social entrepreneur, social mission, social enterprise strategy and key operational models. Based on the observed practices, policy recommendations have been developed. Back to top
Understanding socially responsible investing: The growing issues and motives in Vietnam. Dinh Anh Tuan and Nguyen Nhu Quynh. International Conference on Social Entrepreneurship - Fostering and Scaling Social Innovation in Asia (Hội thảo Quốc tế về Tinh thần Kinh doanh vì Xã hội - Tăng cường và Phát triển, 2017. Free full text http://csie.neu.edu.vn/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ICSE-Hanoi-2017_-Confererence-Proceedings.pdf#page=140.
Abstract: Vietnam with its rapid growth, youthful labor force and developing financial system has been attractive to international investors for a decade. Besides, a huge challenge in dealing with consequences of climate change leads to prosper opportunities in renewable power as well as other environment-friendly industry. Therefore, it brings in new investing options to harness such a promising market in this country. In recent years, there have been some global institutional investors who recognize the Vietnamese market‘s potential and finally invest in some high potential sectors. This so-called socially responsible investment is considered sustainable, time-taking and new, as well as underlies motivations driving to investing decisions. The paper concentrates on pointing out such drivers spreading online through speech and news delivered by some typical socially responsible investors via media. Thus, we hope to indicate clearly the drivers and investors point of view towards socially responsible investing. International Investment Dispute Resolution in Vietnam: Opportunities and Challenges. Manh Dzung Nguyen and Thi Thu Trang Nguyen. The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 2017, volume 18, number 5-6, pp. 918-941. Free full text http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/22119000-12340066.
Abstract: Integration into the global market brings both challenges and opportunities for the Vietnamese legal system. As investment dispute prevention and settlement has not received much attention from the Vietnamese government, Vietnam experienced difficulties in dispute resolution when faced with investment claims. The reluctance to recognise and enforce foreign arbitral awards in Vietnam to protect local parties has resulted in a number of commercial disputes escalating into investment treaty claims. These experiences have, however, allowed Vietnam to identify defects in its legal framework, human resources and governance, and prompted the government to take measures to reduce the risk of being sued by foreign investors. Even though the effectiveness of these measures has not yet been proven, investment disputes have brought opportunities as well as challenges for Vietnam. Back to top
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