Oakeley, Sir Herbert (Stanley)
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Orel, Alfred(b Vienna, 3 July 1889; d Vienna, 11 April 1967). Austrian musicologist. After receiving a degree in law at the University of Vienna in 1912 he worked in the Austrian Finance Ministry until 1918. He began studying musicology with Adler in Vienna in 1917 and earned the doctorate in 1919 with a dissertation on the Salve regina settings in the Trent manuscripts. From 1918 and 1938 he oversaw the music collection in the Vienna Stadtbibliothek and simultaneously continued to work at the University of Vienna until 1945, completing the Habilitation in 1922 with a work on rhythm in 15th-century polyphony; he was named reader in 1929 and supernumerary professor in 1939. Orel was also interim director of the Staatliche Akademie für Musik und Darstellende Kunst in 1938, and from 1940 to 1945 he was special consultant on Viennese music research for the Vienna office of cultural affairs. After the war he was barred from the university because of his membership in the Nazi party. Orel organized numerous exhibits on music in the 1920s and 30s and received medals of honour from the state in 1928 and 1959 for his services to the city of Vienna. He was also one of the founders and served on the board of directors of the Zentralinstitut für Mozart-Forschung in Salzburg. Orel’s chief interest was Austrian music, particularly Bruckner; his Anton Bruckner: das Werk, der Künstler, die Zeit (1925) remains a standard work. He was responsible for the first complete edition of Bruckner’s Ninth Symphony, in which he not only restored the cuts omitted in Löwe’s 1903 edition and the original orchestration, but also included sketches for the finale. Orel’s other important work was on 15th-century polyphony and on composers associated with Vienna, particularly Mozart. WRITINGSDie Hauptstimme in den ‘Salve regina’ der Trienter Codices (diss., U. of Vienna, 1919; Tutzing, 1977 as Die Hauptstimme in den ‘Salve regime’ der Trienter Kodices) ‘Einige Grundformen der Motettkompositionen im XV. Jahrhundert’, SMw, vii (1920), 48–101 ‘Beethovens Oktett Op.103 und seine Bearbeitung als Quintett Op.4’, ZMw, iii (1920–21), 159–79
‘Skizzen zu Johannes Brahms’ Haydn-Variationen’, ZMw, v (1922–3), 296–315 Über rhythmische Qualität in mehrstimmigen Tonsätzen des 15. Jahrhunderts (Habilitationsschrift, U. of Vienna, 1922); extracts in ZMw, vi (1923–4), 559–607 ‘Die mehrstimmige geistliche (katholische) Musik von 1430–1600’, ‘Die katholische Kirchenmusik von 1600–1750’, ‘Die katholische Kirchenmusik seit 1750’, ‘Wiener Tanzmusik und Operette’, AdlerHM Anton Bruckner: das Werk, der Künstler, die Zeit (Vienna, 1925) ‘Das Musikschaffen unserer Zeit’, Literarischer Handweiser, lxii (1925), 1–8 ed.: Wiener Musikerbriefe aus zwei Jahrhunderten (Vienna, 1925) Bruckner: ein osterreichischer Meister der Tonkunst (Altötting, 1926, 2/1946) Franz Schubert: ein Künstler, seiner Heimat (Altötting, 1926, 2/1946) Beethoven (Vienna, 1927) with R. Stöhr and H. Gál: Formenlehre der Musik (Leipzig, 1933, 2/1954) ‘Richard Wagner in Vienna’, MQ, xix (1933), 29–37 Das Werden der musikalischen Formen (Leipzig, 1933) ‘Sachliche Musik’, SMz, lxxiv (1934), 553–60, 581–6 Anton Bruckner, 1824–1896: sein Leben in Bildern (Leipzig, 1936) Kirchenmusikalische Liturgik (Augsburg, 1936) ‘Original und Bearbeitung bei Anton Bruckner’, Deutsche Musikkultur, i (1936–7), 193–222 Johannes Brahms: sein Leben in Bildern (Leipzig, 1937) Aufsätze und Vorträge (Vienna and Berlin, 1939) Franz Schubert, 1797–1828: sein Leben in Bildern (Leipzig, 1939) Ein Harmonielehrekolleg bei Anton Bruckner (Vienna, 1940) Der junge Schubert (Vienna, 1940/R) Mozarts deutscher Weg: eine Deutung aus Briefen (Vienna, 1941, 2/1943) Grillparzer und Beethoven (Vienna, 1941) Mozart in Wien (Vienna, 1944) Hugo Wolf: ein Künstlerbildnis (Vienna, 1947) Wiener Musik (Vienna, 1947) Johannes Brahms: ein Meister und sein Weg (Olten, 1948) Goethe als Operndirektor (Bregenz, 1949) ‘Die Legende um Mozarts “Bastien und Bastienne”’, SMz, xci (1951), 137–43 Bruckner Brevier: Briefe, Dokumente, Berichte (Vienna, 1953) Musikstadt Wien (Vienna, 1953) ‘Die Wende zur “Neuen Musik” im historischen Aspekt’, SMz, xciv (1954), 1–9 Mozart: Gloria mundi (Salzburg, 1956) ‘Der Mesmerische Garten (ein Parergon zur Mozart-Forschung)’, MJb 1962–3, 82–95 Johannes Brahms und Julius Allgeyer: eine Künstlerfreundschaft in Briefen (Tutzing, 1964) ‘Österreichs Sendung in der abendländischen Musik’, IMSCR IX: Salzburg 1964, ii, 7–22 ‘Mozarts Schicksalsweg zwischen den grossen Musiknationen’, MJb 1965–6, 61–7 Unpublished papers in A-Wu Numerous articles in Acta Mozartiana, AMf, Deutsche Musikkuttur, Die Furche, Die Musik, Die Musikbote, Wiener Figaro, Österreichische Rundschau, MJb, SMz, Wiener Zeitung, ZMw, other periodicals, congress reports and Festschriften
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