Ocean Unit Test Review Key! Ocean Circulation



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Ocean Unit Test Review – Key!

Ocean Circulation



  1. What are the four components of the climate system of Earth? Atmosphere, Ocean, Biosphere, Geosphere

  2. Which two of the components from the previous question did we focus on in the ocean unit? Ocean and Atmosphere

  3. What is the primary force which drives ocean surface circulation? Wind

  4. About what percentage of latitudinal heat is transported by ocean circulation? 20%

  5. What types of things are moved via ocean circulation? (2 main things) Nutrients and organisms

  6. What is the name of the sharp decrease in temperature which is found between 2000 and 4000 feet? thermocline

  7. How did the “trade winds” get their name? they correspond with trade routes used by sailing vessels to aid with commerce and the flow of resources

  8. What are the four currents in the North Atlantic Gyre? (Be able to sketch and label!) Gulf Stream, N. Atlantic, Canary, N. Equitorial

  9. What factor drives deep ocean circulation? density

  10. What are the two major elements found in saltwater? sodium & chlorine

  11. About what percentage of each of the above elements are typically found? ~30% and ~50%

  12. What two factors allow us to find the density of seawater? (Think of the lab we did) temperature and salinity

  13. What are the curving lines of equal density called on a Temperature-Salinity graph? isopycnals

  14. What does the abbreviation NADW stand for? North Atlantic Deep Water

  15. How does the “ocean conveyer” system work? (Think about what drives surface and deep ocean currents and how they interact) The wind blows, creating surface currents, water moves and then cools/sinks near the poles, the water warms and spreads along the ocean bottom, warms, and rises. (And repeats)

  16. What can be found in the North Pacific Ocean due to the currents/gyre in this region? The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Hurricanes

  1. What is the minimum wind speed for a storm to be considered a hurricane? 74 mph

  2. Where do tropical storms/hurricanes tend to form? Warm water

  3. Provide two additional names for a hurricane: cyclone and typhoon

  4. What is normally found in the center of stronger and well defined hurricanes? a circular “eye”

  5. What is the name of the hurricane power scale? Saffir-Simpson

  6. What is the range for the above scale (and which is the least severe)? 1 – 5 (1 is minimal)

  7. If a hurricane had a wind speed of 160 mph, what Category hurricane would it be? Cat. 5

  8. What is the number one cause of death IN THE US from hurricanes? Freshwater flooding

  9. What is the number one cause of death around the world from hurricanes? storm surge

  10. When is the Atlantic Hurricane Season? June 1st – November 30th

  11. What Category 5 hurricane hit the U.S. in 1969, causing extreme flooding and destruction throughout Virginia? Hurricane Camille

  12. What two things can kill or weaken a hurricane? Cold Water & Land

Ocean Life

  1. What percentage of seawater is dissolved minerals (by weight)? 3.5%

  2. What are some ways salinity can increase in an area? Decrease? Decrease salinity – Any process that ADDS water (precipitation, etc). Increase salinity– Any process that TAKES water OUT (evaporation, etc.)

  3. What are the 3 major layers of the ocean? Surface (Mixed), Transition, Deep

  4. About what percentage of life on earth can be found in the ocean? ~50%

  5. What tiny marine organism makes up a majority of Earth’s biomass? (Hint: there are two types, zoo- and phyto-) Plankton

  6. (True or False) Plankton can move independently of the ocean currents and can go wherever they want. False

  7. If an organism can move around independently of the ocean currents, what type of classification would this organism receive? Nekton

  8. What are some examples of Benthos organisms? Octopi, Crustacean, some fish, etc.

  9. Which factor is used most often to divide the ocean into distinct marine life zones? availability of light

  10. What are the two classifications for the distinct marine life zones? photic and aphotic

  11. Which organism is found in all of the ocean layers and can be either boney or cartilaginous? fish

  12. What painful characteristic makes Cnidarians unique? stinging cells

  13. What organism (which is normally colonial) is responsible for building up reef’s around the world? coral

  14. What are the three types of reef? (Be able to label them/recognize them by the pictures!) fringing, barrier, and atoll

Costal Landforms

  1. What happens to the sea level during an ice age? drop in global sea level

  2. What is the primary factor in coastal erosion? wave size

  3. What current is responsible for moving sand (and sometimes people) down the shore of a beach (parallel to the beach)? Longshore Current

  4. What are the factors that contribute to healthy coral reef growth? Clear water, normal salinity, warm temperatures, moving water (not stagnant)

  5. How long does a full tidal cycle (two high tides) take to complete? 24 hr 50 min

  6. What three objects influence the tidal cycle? earth, moon, sun

  7. (True or False) Neap Tides are when we observe the highest tidal range? false

Miscellaneous

  1. What is your explanation for what is going on in the Bermuda Triangle? (Answers will vary)


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