INGLÊS
PROFESSORA DA TURMA: DENIZE
REVIEW II
1st PART: UFBA 2007/2ª FASE
QUESTÕES DE 01 A 04
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05
10
15
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A IS FOR APPLE
With childhood obesity on the rise, students, parents and teachers are learning the importance of a heathy diet.
T he students of class CM2 at the St. Joan of Arc elementary school in northern France are playing with their food and their teacher is delighted. During the course of the morning, the class learns that fruits contain minerals, fiber, sugar and vitamins. "Who knows why we need vitamin C?" asks a nutritionist employed by the local school district. Three hands shoot up. "Without it we become tired," answers a student enthusiastically.
If only more of Europe's children knew as much about healthy food. Just like their counterparts in the U.S., European kids increasingly eat a diet high in fat and sugar and low in nutrition — and too often that includes what their schools feed them. The junk-food problem was highlighted recently by British television chef Jamie Oliver, who describes meals served in British schools as "mostly rubbish". Poor diets have caused a big increase in the number of obese children: levels of childhood obesity in Europe have increased from between 5% and 10% 25 years ago to as much as 25% in some countries today. It may also contribute to bad behavior and learning difficulties. A study by Oxford University's department of physiology found that underachieving British children's reading and spelling abilities were dramatically improved when their diets were supplemented with fish oils containing omega-3 fatty acids — essential for brain development but missing from modern processed foods.
Schools and parents are finally waking up to the notion that poor diet is making kids fatter, angrier and less able to learn. The health-and-nutrition class at St. Joan of Arc, for instance, is part of a government-sponsored effort to deal with the problem of child obesity. Funded by European food and drug companies and France's Ministry of Health, the program is designed to make healthy eating part of children's everyday lives — at school and at home. School lunches now replace unhealthy foods like French fries with vegetables such as beans. Children in the district also have a healthy preschool breakfast intended to supplement the breakfast they ate — or sometimes did not eat — at home.
ROBINSON, Simon. A is for apple. Time, Amsterdam. v, 165. n. 22, May 30, 2005. p. 44-45. Adaptado.
"junk-food" (. 7) - alimento sem valor nutricional.
"rubbish" (. 8) - lixo.
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01. Based on the text, explain how and why poor diets have affected children's lives.
02. Summarize how the nutrition program works in France.
OBSERVE
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
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When we tell people WHAT SOMEBODY SAID OR THOUGHT, we often use INDIRECT SPEECH.
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Tenses, here-and-now words and PRONOUNS MAY CHANGE.
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direct speech indirect speech
Simple Present…………………. Simple Past
Present Continuous ……………. Past Continuous
Present Perfect ………………… Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous……. Past Perfect Continuous
Simple Past…………………….. Past Perfect
Simple Future………………….. Simple Conditional
Simple Conditional…………….. Conditional Perfect
Can…………………………….. Could
May…………………………….. Might
Must……………………………. Had to
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direct speech indirect speech
this…………………….. that
these………………….. those
here……………………. there
now……………………. then
today………………….. that day
yesterday……………… the day before
tomorrow……………… the next day
last (…)……………….. the (…) before
next (…)………………. the following (…)
ago……………………. before
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03. Answer these questions in English according to the instructions below.
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Complete this sentence changing it to the Indirect Speech with the introducing verb in the Past Tense.
"Who knows why we need vitamin C?" asks a nutritionist" (. 3)
A nutritionist asked
OBSERVE
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
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Regras para a transformação em Passive Voice:
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o objeto direto da voz ativa torna-se o sujeito da passiva.
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o verbo to be é o verbo auxiliar da voz passiva, e é conjugado no mesmo tempo verbal do verbo principal da voz ativa.
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o verbo principal vai para o past participle na voz passiva.
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o sujeito da voz ativa torna-se agente da passiva e vem precedido da preposição by.
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o agente da passiva só é mencionado quando for importante para o entendimento da sentença.
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Change this passive sentence into the active voice.
"The junk-food problem was highlighted [...] by British television chef Jamie Oliver" (. 7)
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Ask a question so that only the part of the sentence in bold should be the answer.
"Jamie Oliver [...] describes meals served in British schools as ‘mostly rubbish'." (. 7/8)
OBSERVE
GRAMMAR SUMMARY
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Comparativo de
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Formas
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Traduções
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Superioridade
(Superiority)
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mais ... que
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Igualdade
(Equality)
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tão ... quanto
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Inferioridade
(Inferiority)
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menos ... que
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04.
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“poor diet is making kids fatter, angrier and less able to learn.” (. 14/15)
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Identify the degrees of the adjectives in bold used in this sentence, classify them and say how they are formed.
QUESTÕES 05 E 06
THE NUTRITION PROGRAM IN FRANCE
05
10
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The results of the nutrition program in France have been spectacular. The number of obese French kids has doubled from 6% to 12% over the past decade. But the increase in obese students in northern France, where the nutrition program runs, has been of merely 1%, one of the lowest rates in the country.
The program has been so successful that it now runs in schools in 10 other towns across the country and the doctors and nutritionists behind the program are trying to find funding and support to expand the program nationwide and to the rest of Europe. Other countries are picking up on the trend. In Germany — where up to 16% of kids are overweight — healthy eating for kids is a hot topic. This month, the government released the first nationwide criteria for school menus, calling for more vegetarian meals, fewer fatty and sweet foods, and fresh fruit at least two to three times a week.
Of course, there are limits to the school-lunch approach to obesity. In many parts of Europe, children still eat their lunches at home, beyond the reach of nutritionists and reforming administrators. Most experts agree that regular exercise is also a crucial factor in weight control (many of the nutrition classes also point out the benefits of exercise). And even improved education and government restrictions on junk food won't keep all kids from sometimes eating unhealthy food. At first glance, the playgrounds of St. Joan of Arc look filled with active, healthy and energetic kids. But on a recent day, a group of friends – hiding from the teachers in a far corner – could be seen eating sweets and chocolates with guilty delight. “Balance is the key”, says Agnès Lommez, coordinator for the school district’s food program. “Kids understand this. They can and should eat junk food. Just not every day."
The British television chef Jamie Oliver serves healthy food to school kids in Eltham England.
ROBINSON, Simon, A is for apple. Time, Amsterdam, v. 165, n. 22, May 30, 2005. p. 45. Adaptado.
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05. Explain, with elements from the text, why there may be limits to the school-lunch approach to children obesity in Europe and say how Agnès Lommez reacts to kids' eating of junk food.
OBSERVE
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GRAMMAR SUMMARY
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SIMPLE PAST
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PRESENT
PERFECT
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FORMATION
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I worked
You worked
He, she, It worked
We worked
Y
are
ou worked
They worked
Se o verbo for irregular, temos que decorar o S. Past
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I have worked
You have worked
He, she, it has worked
W e worked
Y
have
ou worked
They worked
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USES
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ação habitual no passado.
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ação completamente acabada em um tempo definido no pas-sado
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ação que aconteceu em um tempo indefinido do passado
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ação que aconteceu no passado, mas que perdura no presente.
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ação que acabou de se concluir
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CORRELATIONS
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S. PAST/S. PAST
S. PAST/S. CONDITIONAL
S. PAST/PAST. CONTINUOUS
S. PAST/PAST PERFECT
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KEY WORDS
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yesterday
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the day before yesterday
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last
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…ago
As expressões de freqüência que acompanham o S. Present servem ao S. Past
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– since
– for
– just
– already
– yet
– not yet
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– recently
– lately
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06. 'The number of obese French kids has doubled from 6% to 12% over the past decade" (. 1/2)
Justify the use of the Present Perfect Tense "has doubled" rather than the Simple Past Tense "doubled" in this sentence.
01. Uma mãe cujos filhos adolescentes não se empenham nos afazeres domésticos redigiu algumas regras familiares que estão reproduzidas no quadro abaixo. Segundo o quadro, o que ela espera que seus filhos façam?
HOUSE RULES
If you drink out of it, WASH IT!
If you sleep on it, MAKE IT UP!
If you wear it, HANG IT UP!
If it rings, ANSWER IT!
If it barks, FEED IT!
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O texto abaixo se refere a um manual de instruções que acompanha um gravador digital. Considere-o para responder às questões 02 e 03.
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CARE AND USE
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To reduce risk of radio interference caused by headphone-, earphone- or microphone cable, only use adequate accessories with cable length less than 3 m.
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To avoid product damage, do not store this unit in humid or dusty areas.
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Keep objects that are sensitive to magnetic fields (such as bank cards) away from this unit.
Such items may lose data or stop working.
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Do not attempt to disassemble this unit.
Disassembly may result in high-voltage electrical shock.
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Do not peel off the covering on batteries and do not use if its covering has been peeled off.
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Align the poles (+) and (-) correctly when inserting the batteries.
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Avoid placing this unit in trunks of cars.
Exposure to intense heat may cause the batteries to leak or explode.
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Mishaping of batteries can cause electrolyte leakage which can damage items the fluid contacts and may cause a fire. If electrolyte leaks from the batteries, consult your dealer.
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02. Por que não se recomenda deixar o gravador em porta-malas de carros?
03. a) Em que circunstância o usuário do gravador pode levar um choque elétrico?
b) Além do porta-malas, onde mais o gravador não deve ser guardado?
c) Caso o gravador seja mantido próximo a um cartão de crédito, por exemplo, o que pode ocorrer com o cartão?
O texto abaixo é parte de uma matéria publicada em 20 de janeiro de 2005, na revista The Economist. Leia-o e responda as questões 04, 05 e 06.
A growing export trade in soccer players
MANY Brazilians resent the fact that their country is often known abroad only for samba and football. Yet while its booming exports range from iron ore to aircraft, they also include footballers, Since the early 1990s, the number of players leaving the country to play for clubs abroad each year has risen from 130 to 850, making Brazil the world's biggest exporter of footballers.
Sadly, export success reflects domestic decay. Last year, an average match in the national championship attracted fewer than 8,000 supporters (compared with 35,000 in Britain's Premier League). One problem is corrupt club management: a Senate inquiry in 2001 found widespread tax evasion and money laundering.
Without professional management, clubs find it hard to pay top wages and players struggle to attract commercial endorsements. Manchester United and Real Madrid (with a Brazilian coach and stars) are global brands. But not since Pelé's Santos in the 1960s has a Brazilian club achieved international fame. Even in the 1980s, heroes such as Zico and Socrates went abroad only after long campaigns for local clubs. Today's stars, such as Ronaldinho Gaúcho (pictured), had the briefest of club careers in Brazil before signing for European teams.
Brazilian players cost European clubs less than local footballers of equivalent talent. Many fail to adapt to the change in climate and language. Some do and never return: Tunisia's squad at the 2002 World Cup included a naturalised Brazilian. He is an exception. According to the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF), Brazil imported 499 players last year, Nearly all were ageing returnees.
04. a) O Brasil é considerado o maior exportador mundial de jogadores de futebol. Que situação adversa, no entanto, esse fato reflete?
b) Qual é, segundo o texto, um dos problemas que explicam essa situação?
c) Que dado leria revelado a gravidade desse problema?
05. De acordo com o texto, quais são as consequências da administração amadorística dos clubes de futebol brasileiro?
06. a) Por que, segundo o texto, os jogadores brasileiros são atraentes para os clubes de futebol europeus?
b) O que o texto afirma sobre os 499 jogadores de futebol que o Brasil importou em 2004?
O trecho a seguir, adaptado de Henry V, de Shakespeare, mostra um diálogo entre Henry, rei da Inglaterra, e Katherine, filha do rei da França. Henry aproveita o fato de Katherine não dominar o inglês para lhe fazer um galanteio baseado em um jogo de palavras. Leia o trecho e responda à questão.
Katherine: Your majesty shall mock at me; I cannot speak your English.
King Henry: O fair Katherine, if you will love me soundly with your French heart, l wilt be glad to hear you confess it brokenly with your English tongue. Do you like me, Kate?
Katherine: Pardonnez-moi, I cannot tell you what is 'like me'.
King Henry: An angel is like you, Kate, and you are like an angel.
VOCABULÁRIO DE APOIO
Pardonnez-moi: pardon me
07. a) Por que o jogo de palavras presente no texto é possível?
b) Katherine receia que Henry zombe dela devido ao seu pouco conhecimento da língua inglesa. Que argumento ele usa para tranquilizá-la?
GOOD LUCK FOR YOU
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