Patterns of Professional Education (PME, PGE, PPE) 13
Basic Data Sources 15
Country summaries and notes 15
Afghanistan 15
Military 15
Paramilitary 16
Police 16
Albania 16
Military 16
Paramilitary 17
Police 17
Algeria 17
Military 17
Paramilitary 17
Police 17
Andorra 17
Police 18
Angola 18
Military 18
Paramilitary 18
Police 18
Antigua and Barbuda 18
Military 18
Paramilitary 18
Police 18
Argentina 19
Military 19
Paramilitary 19
Police 19
Armenia 19
Military 20
Paramilitary 20
Police 20
Australia 20
Australian Defence Forces 20
Australian Police Forces 20
Austria 20
Military 21
Paramilitary 22
Police 22
Azerbaijan 22
Military 22
Paramilitary 22
Police 22
Bahamas 22
Military 23
Paramilitary 23
Police 23
Bahrain 23
Military 23
Paramilitary 23
Police 23
Bangladesh 23
Bangladesh Military 24
Bangladesh Police 24
Barbados 24
Military 24
Paramilitary 24
Police 24
Belarus 24
Military 24
Paramilitary 24
Police 25
Belgium 25
Military 25
Paramilitary 25
Police 25
Belize 25
Military 25
Paramilitary 25
Police 25
Benin 25
Military 25
Paramilitary 25
Police 26
Bhutan 26
Military 26
Paramilitary 26
Police 26
Bolivia 26
Bosnia and Herzegovina 26
Military 26
Paramilitary 26
Police 26
Botswana 26
Military 26
Paramilitary 28
Police 28
Brazil 28
Military 29
Paramilitary 29
Police 29
Brunei Darussalam 29
Military 29
Paramilitary 29
Police 29
29
Bulgaria 29
Military 29
Paramilitary 29
Police 29
Burkina Faso 29
Military 29
Paramilitary 29
Police 29
Burundi 30
Military 30
Paramilitary 30
Police 30
Cambodia 30
Military 30
Paramilitary 30
Police 30
Cameroon 30
Military 30
Paramilitary 30
Police 30
Canada 30
Canadian Armed Forces 30
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Gendarme) 31
Canadian police forces 31
Cape Verde 31
Military 31
Paramilitary 31
Police 31
Central African Republic 31
Military 31
Paramilitary 31
Police 31
Chad 31
Military 31
Paramilitary 32
Police 32
Chile 32
Military 32
Paramilitary 32
Police 32
China, PRC 32
Military 32
Paramilitary 32
Police 32
China Military 32
China Paramilitary, Interior Ministry? 32
China Police 32
China, ROC (Taiwan) 32
Military 32
Paramilitary 33
Police 33
Colombia 33
Military 33
Paramilitary 33
Police 33
Comoros 33
Military 33
Paramilitary 33
Police 33
Congo DRC 33
Military 33
Paramilitary 33
Police 33
Congo Republic 34
Military 34
Paramilitary 34
Police 34
Costa Rica 34
Military 34
Paramilitary 34
Police 34
Côte d'Ivoire 34
Military 34
Paramilitary 34
Police 34
Croatia 34
Military 34
Paramilitary 34
Police 34
Cuba 34
Military 34
Paramilitary 35
Police 35
Cyprus 35
Military 35
Paramilitary 35
Police 35
Czech Republic 35
Military 35
Paramilitary 35
Police 35
Denmark 35
Military 35
Paramilitary 35
Police 35
Djibouti 35
Military 35
Paramilitary 36
Police 36
Dominica 36
Military 36
Paramilitary 36
Police 36
Dominican Republic 36
Military 36
Paramilitary 36
Police 36
Ecuador 36
Military 36
Paramilitary 36
Police 36
Egypt 37
Military 37
Paramilitary 37
Police 37
El Salvador 37
Military 37
Paramilitary 37
Police 37
Equatorial Guinea 37
Military 37
Paramilitary 37
Police 37
Eritrea 37
Military 37
Paramilitary 38
Police 38
Estonia 38
Military 38
Paramilitary 38
Police 39
Ethiopia 39
Military 39
Paramilitary 39
Police 39
Fiji 39
Military 39
Paramilitary 39
Police 39
Finland 39
Military 39
Paramilitary 39
Police 39
France 40
Military 40
Paramilitary 40
Police 40
Gabon 40
Military 40
Paramilitary 40
Police 40
Gambia 40
Military 40
Paramilitary 40
Police 40
Georgia 41
Military 41
Paramilitary 41
Police 41
41
Germany 41
Military 41
Paramilitary 41
Police 41
Ghana 41
Military 41
Paramilitary 41
Police 41
Greece 41
Military 41
Paramilitary 41
Police 42
Grenada 42
Military 42
Paramilitary 42
Police 42
42
Guatemala 42
Military 42
Paramilitary 42
Police 42
Guinea 42
Military 42
Paramilitary 42
Police 42
Guinea-Bissau 42
Military 42
Paramilitary 42
Police 43
Guyana 43
Military 43
Paramilitary 43
Police 43
Haiti 43
Military 43
Paramilitary 43
Police 43
Honduras 43
Military 43
Paramilitary 43
Police 43
Hungary 43
Military 43
Paramilitary 43
Police 43
44
Iceland 44
Military 44
Paramilitary 44
Police 44
India 44
Indian Defence forces 44
Indian Paramilitary 44
Indian Police 44
Indonesia 44
Military 44
Paramilitary 45
Police 45
Iran, Islamic Republic 45
Military 45
Paramilitary 45
Police 45
Iraq 45
Military 45
Paramilitary 45
Police 45
Ireland 45
Military 45
Paramilitary 45
Police 45
Israel 46
Military 46
Paramilitary 46
Police 46
Italy 46
Military 46
Paramilitary 46
Police 47
Jamaica 47
Jamaican Police 47
Japan 47
Military 47
Police 47
Jordan 47
Military 47
Paramilitary 47
Police 47
Kazakhstan 47
Military 48
Paramilitary 49
Police 49
Kenya 49
Military 49
Paramilitary 49
Police 50
Kiribati 50
Korea DPRK 50
Military 50
Paramilitary 50
Police 50
Korea, ROK 50
Kuwait 50
Military 50
Paramilitary 50
Police 50
Kyrgyzstan 50
Lao People's Democratic Republic 50
Military 50
Paramilitary 50
Police 51
Latvia 51
Lebanon 51
Lesotho 51
Liberia 51
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 51
Liechtenstein 51
Lithuania 51
Luxembourg 51
Macedonia (FYROM) 51
Madagascar 51
Malawi 52
Malaysia 52
Malaysia Military 52
Malaysia Police 52
Maldives 52
Maldives defence forces 52
Maldives paramilitary and police 53
Mali 53
Malta 53
Marshall Islands 53
Mauritania 53
Mauritius 53
Mexico 53
Micronesia, Federated states of 56
Monaco 56
Mongolia 56
Montenegro 56
Morocco 56
Mozambique 56
Myanmar 56
Namibia 56
Nauru 56
Nepal 56
Netherlands 56
New Zealand 56
NZ Defence Forces 56
NZ Police 56
Nicaragua 57
Niger 57
Nigeria 57
Norway 57
Oman 57
Pakistan 57
Pakistan Armed Forces 57
Pakistan paramilitary, internal security, gendarmerie 57
Pakistan police 57
Palau 58
Panama 58
Papua New Guinea 58
Paraguay 58
Peru 58
Philippines 58
Poland 58
Portugal 58
Qatar 58
Republic of Moldova 58
Romania 58
Russian Federation 59
Rwanda 59
Saint Kitts and Nevis 59
Saint Lucia 59
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 59
Samoa 59
San Marino 59
Sao Tome and Principe 59
Saudi Arabia 59
Senegal 59
Serbia 59
Seychelles 59
Sierra Leone 59
Singapore 59
Slovakia 60
Slovenia 60
Solomon Islands 60
Somalia 60
Military 60
Paramilitary 60
Police 61
South Africa 61
Military 61
Paramilitary 61
Police 61
Spain 61
Sri Lanka 61
Sudan 62
Military 62
Paramilitary 63
Police 65
Suriname 66
Swaziland 66
Sweden 66
Switzerland 66
Syrian Arab Republic 66
Tajikistan 66
Thailand 66
Timor-Leste 66
Togo 66
Tonga 66
Trinidad and Tobago 66
Tunisia 66
Turkey 66
Turkish Military 66
Turkish Gendarme/paramilitary 66
Turkish Police 66
Turkmenistan 67
Tuvalu 67
Uganda 67
Ukraine 67
United Arab Emirates 67
United Kingdom (of GB and NI) 67
UK Military 67
UK Police 67
United Republic of Tanzania 68
United States of America 68
US Armed Services 68
US Police Services 71
Uruguay 71
Uzbekistan 71
Vanuatu 71
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 71
Viet Nam 71
Yemen 72
Zambia 72
Zimbabwe 72
International and Regional Organizations 72
Europe 72
European Military 72
European Paramilitary 72
European Police 72
Americas 72
Americas Military 72
Americas Paramilitary 72
Americas Police 72
Africa 72
African Military 72
African Paramilitary 72
African Police 73
Asian Regional and International 73
Asian Military 73
Asian Paramilitary 73
Asian Police 73
Middle East 73
Global 73
Miscellaneous Observations 73