Mars Colonization Affirmative 2
Explanation 3
Glossary 4
1AC [1/6] 5
1AC [2/6] 6
1AC [3/6] 7
1AC [4/6] 8
1AC [5/6] 9
1AC [6/6] 10
Overview Effect Advantage 11
Inherency Extensions 12
Extinction Inevitable – Human Weapons 13
Extinction Inevitable – Asteroids 14
Extinction Inevitable – Overpopulation 16
Answers To: War in Space 17
Overview Effect Extensions 18
Overview Effect Extensions 19
Solvency Extensions 20
Answers To: Can’t Establish a Colony Fast Enough 21
Answer To: Health Risks in Space 22
Answers To: Colonization Technologically Impossible 23
Answers To: Colonization Technologically Impossible 24
Answers To: Privatization DA / CP 25
Article: Why Spaceflight Has Ended 26
Article: Why We Must Return to Space 28
Article: Why a Mars Colony Would Be Possible 31
Mars Colonization Negative 38
Glossary 39
Answers To: Inherency 40
Answers To: Colonization Advantage 41
Answers To: Colonization Advantage 42
Answers To: Colonization Advantage 43
Answers To: Colonization Advantage 44
Answers To: Humans Will Cause Extinction 45
Answers To: Overpopulation Will Cause Extinction 46
Answers To: Asteroids Will Cause Extinction 47
Answers To: Overview Effect Advantage 48
Answers To: Overview Effect Advantage 49
Answers To: Solvency 50
Answers To: Solvency 51
Answers To: Solvency 52
Answers To: Solvency 53
Article: Why We Should Not Seek to Colonize Mars 54
Article: Space Travel Has Many Health Risks 57
SETI Affirmative 59
Explanation 60
Glossary 61
1AC [1/6] 62
1AC [2/6] 63
1AC [3/6] 64
1AC [4/6] 65
1AC [5/6] 66
1AC [6/6] 67
Extraterrestrial Perspective Advantage 68
Extraterrestrial Perspective Advantage 69
Space Debris Advantage 70
Space Debris Advantage 71
Space Debris Advantage 72
Inherency Extensions 73
Alien Contact Extensions – Aliens Exist 74
Alien Contact Extensions – Alien Contact Good 75
Extraterrestrial Perspective Extensions 76
Space Debris Extensions – ATA Helps Tracking 77
Space Debris Extensions – Plan Mitigates Debris 78
Space Debris Extensions – Debris Impacts 79
Solvency Extensions – ATA Leads to Contact 80
Solvency Extensions – Radio Searching Best 81
Solvency Extensions – Can Identify Alien Signals 82
Answers To: Privatization DA / CP 83
Article: The Allen Telescope Array 84
Article: Overview of SETI’s History 86
SETI Negative 91
Glossary 92
Answers to: Inherency 93
Answers to: Inherency 94
Answers to: Alien Contact Advantage 95
Answers To: Alien Contact Advantage 96
Answers To: Alien Contact Advantage 97
Answers To: Alien Contact Advantage 98
Answers To: Extraterrestrial Perspective Advantage 99
Answers To: Extraterrestrial Perspective Advantage 100
Answers To: Space Debris Advantage 101
Answers To: Space Debris Advantage 102
Answers To: Space Debris Advantage 103
Answers To: Solvency 104
Answers To: Solvency 105
Answers To: Solvency 106
Answers To: Solvency 107
Article: Aliens Don’t Exist 108
Article: Problems With Alein Communication 110
Asteroids Affirmative 113
Explanation 114
Glossary 115
1AC [1/7] 116
1AC [2/7] 117
1AC [3/7] 118
1AC [4/7] 119
1AC [5/7] 120
1AC [6/7] 121
1AC [7/7] 122
Small Asteroid Advantage 123
Mining Advantage 124
Mining Advantage 125
Inherency Extensions 126
Inherency Extensions 127
Impact Extensions – Prefer High Magnitude Impacts 128
Impact Extensions – Asteroid Killed the Dinosaurs 129
AT: Focus on Earth’s Problems 130
AT: Focus on Earth’s Problems 131
AT: No Risk of Small Asteroid Sparking War 132
AT: Small Impacts Irrelevant 133
Mining Advantage Extenions 134
AT: Not Technologically Feasible 135
AT: Not Technologically Feasible 136
AT: Asteroid Mining Not Profitable 137
AT: Asteroid Mining Not Profitable 138
Solvency – Deflection Successful 139
Solvency – Deflection Successful 140
Solvency – Space Telescopes Best 141
AT: Deflection Fails – International Cooperation 142
AT: Deflection Fails – International Cooperation 143
AT: Nuclear Deflection 144
AT: Nuclear Deflection 145
AT: Privatization DA / CP 146
Answers To: NASA Tradeoff Disadvantage 147
Article: NASA Tasked With Cataloguing Asteroids 148
Article: Risks From Smaller Asteroids 150
Asteroids Negative 153
Glossary 154
Answers To: Inherency 155
Answers To: Inherency 156
Answers To: Asteroid Impact Advantage 157
Answers To: Asteroid Impact Advantage 158
Answers To: Asteroid Impact Advantage 159
Answers To: Asteroid Impact Advantage 160
Answers To: Asteroid Impact Advantage 162
Extension: Prefer High Probability Impacts 163
AT: Small Asteroid Advantage 164
Answers To: Asteroid Mining Advantage 165
Answers To: Asteroid Mining Advantage 166
Answers To: Asteroid Mining Advantage 168
Answers To: Asteroid Mining Advantage 169
Answers To: Solvency 170
Answers To: Solvency 171
Answers To: Solvency 172
Answers To: Solvency 173
Article: Asteroids Not A Threat 174
Article: What Caused The Extinction of The Dinosaurs? 176
Constellation Affirmative 179
Explanation 180
Glossary 181
1AC [1/7] 183
1AC [2/7] 184
1AC [3/7] 185
1AC [4/7] 186
1AC [5/7] 187
1AC [6/7] 188
1AC [7/7] 189
Space Leadership Advantage 190
Space Leadership Advantage 191
Space Leadership Advantage 192
Space Leadership Advantage 193
Space Leadership Advantage 194
Inherency Extensions 195
Industrial Base – Plan Reinvigorates Industrial Base 196
Industrial Base – Plan Reinvigorates Industrial Base 197
Impact – Air Power 198
AT: Obama Plan Creates Jobs 199
AT: Brain drain 200
AT: Space won’t inspire 201
AT: Alternate Causalities 202
AT: Alternate Causalities 203
Constellation Key to Space Exploration 204
Space Exploration Impacts 205
Space Leadership on the Brink 206
Space Leadership on the Brink 207
Constellation Key to Space Leadership 208
Space Leadership Key to Hegemony 209
Space Leadership Key to Hegemony 210
AT: Constellation Design Was Flawed 211
AT: Constellation Design Was Flawed 212
Constellation Effective / AT: Smaller Rockets Solve 213
Constellation Effective / AT: Smaller Rockets Solve 214
AT: Constellation Trade off With Deep Space 215
Answers To: Privatization DA / CP 216
Article: Constellation and the Space Program’s Legacy 217
Article: America’s Need for Space Leadership 220
Constellation Negative 223
Glossary 224
Answers To: Inherency 225
Answers To: Space Leadership Advantage 226
Answers To: Space Leadership Advantage 227
Answers To: Space Leadership Advantage 228
Answers To: Space Leadership Advantage 229
Answers To: Space Leadership Advantage 230
Answers To: Space Leadership Advantage 231
Answers To: Industrial Base Advantage 232
Answers To: Industrial Base Advantage 233
Answers To: Industrial Base Advantage 234
Answers To: Industrial Base Advantage 236
Answers To: Industrial Base Advantage 237
Answers To: Industrial Base Advantage 238
Answers To: Space Exploration Advantage 239
Answers To: Space Exploration Advantage 240
Answers To: Solvency 241
Answers To: Solvency 242
Answers To: Solvency 244
Answers To: Solvency 245
Article: Is the Apollo Approach Best? 246
Article: Constellation Design Was Flawed 249
NASA Tradeoff Disadvantage 252
Explanation 253
Glossary 254
Budget Tradeoff 1NC [1/2] 255
Budget Tradeoff 1NC [2/2] 256
Overview 258
Uniqueness – NASA Focusing on Earth Science 259
Uniqueness – NASA Focusing on Earth Science 260
Link - Space Exploration Trades off With Earth Science 261
Link - Space Exploration Trades off With Earth Science 262
Specific Link – Colonization Affirmative 263
Specific Link – Constellation Affirmative 265
Specific Link – SETI Affirmative 266
Specific Link – Asteroids Affirmative 267
Impact – Earth Science Solves Global Warming 268
Impacts – Earth Science Solves Global Warming 269
Impact – Warming Causes Extinction 270
Impact – Warming is Man Made 271
Impact – Warming Not Inevitable 272
Article: The State of NASA’s Budget 273
Article: Space Science, Earth Science and Politics 275
NASA Tradeoff DA Affirmative 277
Glossary 278
Uniqueness – NASA overbudget now 279
Uniqueness – Earth Science Not Funded Now 281
Uniqueness – Earth Science Not Funded Now 283
No Link – Tradeoff Happens Between Agencies 284
No Link – Budget Flexibility now 285
Link Turn – Spending Increases the Budget 286
No Impact – NASA Program Unnecessary 287
No Impact – Warming Not Caused by Humans 289
No Impact – Warming Inevitable 291
Privatization Disadvantage 294
Explanation 295
Glossary 296
Privatization DA 1NC [1/2] 297
Privatization DA 1NC [2/2] 298
Overview 299
Uniqueness – Privatization Occuring Now 300
Uniqueness – Privatization Occuring Now 302
Links – NASA Crowds Out Private Sector 304
Links – NASA Crowds Out Private Sector 305
Links – NASA Crowds Out Private Sector 306
Impact – Economic Growth 307
Impact – Leadership 308
Impact – Turns Case 310
Impact – Turns Case 311
Article: NASA and the Privatization of Space 312
Privatization DA Affirmative 316
Glossary 317
Uniqueness – Private Sector Doesn’t Exist 318
Uniqueness – Private Sector Doesn’t Exist 319
Link Turn – Government Action Spurs the Private Sector 320
Link Turn – Government Action Spurs the Private Sector 321
No Impact – Privatization Won’t Achieve Goals 322
No Impact – Privatization Won’t Work 323
Impact Turn – Leadership 324
Impact Turn – Leadership 325
Impact Turn – Space Debris 326
Space Weaponization DA 329
Explanation 330
Glossary 331
Space Weaponization 1NC Shell [1/3] 332
Space Weaponization 1NC Shell [2/3] 333
Space Weaponization 1NC Shell [3/3] 334
Overview 335
Uniqueness – No Space Weaponization Now 336
Uniqueness – No Space Weaponization Now 337
AT: Space Weaponization Inevitable 338
Link – Exploration Causes Weaponization 339
Link – Exploration Causes Weaponization 340
Link – Exploration Causes Weaponization 342
Specific Link – Colonization 343
Specific Link – Constellation 344
Impact – Plan Causes Weaponization 345
Impact – Weaponization Causes War 346
Impact – Weaponziation Causes War 347
Impact – Weaponization Kills Relations 348
Impact – Turns the Case 349
Article: Obama’s Objectives in Space 350
Space Weaponization DA Affirmative 354
Glossary 355
Uniqueness – Weaponization Now 356
Uniqueness – Weaponization Now 357
Uniqueness – Weaponization Inevitable 358
Link Turn – Plan Trades off with Weaponization 359
Impact Turn – Space Weaponization Solves Conflict 361
Impact Turn – Space Weaponization Solves Conflict 362
Impact Turn – Weaponziation Solves India-Pakistan War 363
AT: Space Weapons Cause Miscalculation 364
AT: Weaponization Causes Space Arms Race 365
AT: Weaponization is Infeasible 366
Privatization Counterplan 368
Explanation 369
Glossary 370
Privatization Counterplan 1NC [1/1] 371
Solvency – General 373
Solvency - General 374
Solvency – Colonization Affirmative 375
Solvency – Colonization Affiramtive 377
Solvency – Constellation Affirmative 378
Solvency – Constellation Affirmative 379
Solvency – Asteroids Affirmative 380
Solvency – Asteroids Affirmative 381
Solvency – SETI Affirmative 383
Solvency – SETI Affirmative 384
AT: Counterplan Links to Spending 385
AT: Counterplan Links to Spending 386
AT: Counterplan Links to Spending 387
AT: Permutation 388
AT: Permutation 389
AT: Permutation 390
Article: NASA Should Step Back 391
Privatization Counterplan Affirmative 397
Glossary 398
398
Permutation 399
Privatization Fails – No demand 401
Privatization Fails – International Law 402
Privatization Fails – Too Long For Profit 403
Privatization Fails – Safety 404
Privatization Fails – Tax Incentives Fail 405
Privatization Fails – High Start Up Cost 406
Frontier Critique 409
Explanation 410
Glossary 411
Frontier Critique 1NC [1/3] 412
Frontier Critique 1NC [2/3] 413
Frontier Critique 1NC [3/3] 414
Link – Generic 415
Link – Asteroid Affirmative 416
Link – Constellation Affirmative 417
Link – Constellation Affirmative 418
Link – SETI Affirmative 419
Link – Mars Colonization Affirmative 420
Link – Mars Colonization Affirmative 421
Impact – Conflict 422
Impact – Turns Case 423
Alternative – Reconsider Space 424
AT: Permutation 425
Article: Space and Manifest Destiny 426
Frontier Critique Affirmative 431
Glossary 432
No Link – Space Isn’t Guided By the Frontier Metaphor 433
Link Turn – Frontier Metaphor Good 434
Link Turn – Frontier Metaphor Good 436
Alternative is Harmful 437
Alternative Fails 438
Permutation 439
Permutation 440
Topicality 442
Exploration Means Traveling to Space 1NC [1/1] 443
Space Exploration is Human Exploration 1NC [1/1] 444
Space Exploration is not Planets 1NC [1/1] 445
United States federal government 446
Substantially 447
Space Exploration 448
Space Exploration 449
Space Exploration 450
Development 451
Development 452
Beyond 453
Earth 454
Mesosphere 455