Sra: Imagine It!, Themes, Taking a Stand, Ancient Civilizations Ecology, Great Expectations, Earth in Action, Art and Impact, Level 6
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a t; l te; c â re; f ä ther; s e t; m; i t; k te; o x; r se; ô in b ou ght; c oi n; b k; t ; f or m; ou t; u p; se; t ûr n; sound in a bout, chick e n, penc i l, cann o n, circ u s; ch air; hw in wh ich; ri ng ; sh op; th in; ere; zh in trea s ure. mimic
(mim ' ik) n. A person or thing that imitates. minerals
(min ' r lz) n. Plural form of mineral: A substance found in nature that is not an animal or plant. minor
(m ' n r) adj. Small in importance or size. modernization (mä' d r n z ' sh n) n. The process of making something up to date. modest
(mo ' d st) adj. Moderate or limited in size, quantity, or range; free from showiness. modified
(mod ' f d') adj. Changed in form or character. molten
(m l ' t n) adj. Melted by heat. monastery (mon ' ster' ) n. A place where monks live and work together. moral
(mor' l) n. A lesson about right and wrong taught in a story, event, or fable. mosaic
(m z ' ik) n. A design made by fitting tiny pieces together; the most common mosaics incorporate stone, glass, or colored tiles. motive
(m ' tiv) n. The reason that a person does something. mounted
(mount ' d) v. Past tense of mount: To rise or increase. mourned
(mornd) v. Past tense of mourn: To feel or show sorrow or grief. muffled
(muf ' ld) v. Past tense of muffle: To wrap or cover so as to soften the sound or protect. mystical
(mis ' ti k l) adj. Having a spiritual meaning or reality that is neither apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence. N nationalities (nash' nal ' i t z) n. Plural form of nationality: The fact or condition of belonging to a particular nation. native
(n ' tiv) n. A person who was born in a particular country or place. Plural form: natives (n ' tivz) navigation (nav' i g ' sh n) n. The act of sailing or directing a ship or other vessel. neglected (ni glekt ' d) adj. Disregarded. negotiating (ni g ' sh t' ing) A form of the verb negotiate: To talk over and arrange the terms of; to have a discussion in order to bring about an agreement. nervous system (nûr ' v s sis ' t m) n. The system in the body that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The nervous system controls all the actions and reactions of the body. network
(net ' wûrk') n. A system of lines or structures that cross and connect. neutrons
(n ' tronz) n. Plural form of neutron: A small particle that is part mosaic 725
notoriously perpendicular of the nucleus, or center, of every atom except that of hydrogen. A neutron has no electric charge. It is a little heavier than a proton. notoriously (n tor' s l ) adv. Widely and unfavorably known. nourishing (nûr' ish' ing) adj. Promoting health and growth. nucleus (n ' kl s) n. The center of an atom. The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons. The nucleus carries a positive charge of electricity. nuisance (n ' s ns) n. Something annoying or unpleasant. numerous (n ' m r s) adj. Consisting of a large number. nutrients (n ' tr nts) n. Plural form of nutrient: Something that is needed by people, animals, or plants for life and growth. O obese
( b s') adj. Extremely overweight. occasional ( k zh' n l) adj. Happening or appearing now and then. oozed
( zd) v. Past tense of ooze: To leak or pass out slowly; to seep. opportunistic (op' r t nis' tik) adj. Taking advantage of opportunities as they arise. opportunities (op' r t ' ni t z) n. Plural form of opportunity: A favorable circumstance. optically (op' ti k l' ) adv. Visually. optimistic (op' t mis' tik) adj. Tending to look on the favorable side of things and believe that everything will turn out for the best. organic
(or gan' ik) adj. Having to do with or coming from living things. original
( rij' n l) adj. New or different. ornamental (or' n men' t l) adj. Used for decoration. overrated ( ' v r r t' d) adj. Too highly thought of. overwhelming ( ' v r welm' ing) adj. Extreme or great. oxbow
(oks' b ') n. Something, such as a bend in a river, resembling a U-shaped collar. P palette
(pal' it) n. A thin, oval board on which artists place and mix their paints. parched
(pärchd) adj. Lacking moisture. passage
(pas' ij) n. A short part of a piece of music or writing. pavilions (p vil' y nz) n. Plural form of pavilion: A building or other structure used for a show or exhibit that often has open sides. perched
(pûrchd) v. Past tense of perch: To rest or sit on a raised place. perilous
(per' l s) adj. Dangerous; risky. permanently (pûr' m n nt' l ) adv. In a way that is lasting or meant to last; enduringly. perpendicular (pûr' p n dik' y l r) adj. At right angles to a given line or surface. Word History The word ooze comes from a Middle English word meaning "sap." 726
perseverance precipitation Pronunciation Key: a t; l te; c â re; f ä ther; s e t; m; i t; k te; o x; r se; ô in b ou ght; c oi n; b k; t ; f or m; ou t; u p; se; t ûr n; sound in a bout, chick e n, penc i l, cann o n, circ u s; ch air; hw in wh ich; ri ng ; sh op; th in; ere; zh in trea s ure. perseverance (p r' s vir ' ns) n. A constant amount of focus or attention on a goal. persist
(p r sist ' ) v. To continue firmly and steadily. persistence (p r sist ' ns) n. The condition of going on and on. personally (pûr ' s n l ) adv. Without the assistance of others; by oneself. pesky
(pes ' k ) adj. Troublesome. pesticide (pes ' t s d') n. A chemical substance used to kill insects, rodents, or other animal pests. petition
(p tish ' n) n. A formal request that is made to a person of authority. phenomena (fi no ' m n ') n . Plural form of phenomenon: A fact or event that can be seen or sensed. philosopher (f los ' f r) n. A person who studies or specializes in trying to answer basic questions about reality, matter, knowledge, or life. picket line (pik ' it l n) n. A boundary established by those who are standing in front of or walking about a place in protest. picketing (pik ' it' ing) A form of the verb picket: To stand in front of or walk about a place to protest or demand something. plague
(pl g) n. A very serious bacterial disease that spreads quickly. plates
(pl ts) n. Plural form of plate: One of the huge parts of Earth's crust on which the continents and oceans rest. polecats
(p l ' kats) n. Plural form of polecat: A skunk. politicians (pol' i tish ' nz) n. Plural form of politician: A person who holds or seeks a government office. pollution (p l ' sh n) n. Harmful materials such as certain gases, chemicals, and wastes that pollute the air, water, or soil. pondered
(pon ' d rd) v. Past tense of ponder: To think about something carefully. porous
(por ' s) adj. Light, easily permeated by liquid; full of small openings. practical (prak ' ti k l) adj. Having to do with real life; coming from experience. prank
(prangk) n. A playful or mischievous act meant to trick or tease someone. precede
(pri s d ' ) v. To come or go before. precious
(presh ' s) adj. Having great value. precipitation (pri sip' i t ' sh n) n. The falling of water in the form of rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
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predict rare predict
(pri dikt') v. To tell beforehand. predictable (pri dikt' b l) adj. Expected; easily foretold. premiered (pri m rd') v. Past tense of premiere: To appear or be presented for the first time. presence
(prez' ns) n. The bearing, influence, or air of a person felt by other people. preservation (pre' z r v ' sh n) n. Keeping something safe from harm. preserves (pri sûrvz') v. Plural form of preserve: To keep from being lost, damaged, or decayed; protect. pressure
(presh' r) n. Force caused by one thing pushing against another thing. presumed
(pri z md') v. Past tense of presume: To believe to be true without question; take for granted; assume. processes (pros' es ez) n. Plural form of process: The procedure or routine for doing something. prodigious (pr dij' s) adj. Extraordinary or great in size. prolong
(pr lông') v. To make longer, especially in time; extend. proprietor (pr pr ' it r) n. Owner. prosperous (pros' p r s) adj. Having success, wealth, or good fortune. protest
(pr ' test') n. An event where people speak out against an idea or course of action. protons
(pr ' tonz) n. Plural form of proton: A tiny particle found in the nucleus of an atom. A proton has a positive electrical charge. prune
(pr n) v. To cut off or cut out parts from something. publicity (pu blis' i t ) n. Information given out to bring a person or thing to the attention of the public. pumice
(pum' is) n . A volcanic glass full of cavities and very light in weight. purification (pyûr' fi k ' sh n) n. The act of purifying or being purified; making clean. pursued
(p r s d') v. Past tense of pursue: To follow in order to capture. Word Derivations Below are some words derived from the word presume.
Q quality
(kwol' i t ) n. Degree of excellence. quest
(kwest) n. A search or pursuit. quivering (kwiv' r' ing) A form of the verb quiver: To shake slightly; shiver. Past tense: quivered (kwiv' rd)
raged
(r jd) v. Past tense of rage: To act in a violent way. range
(r nj) n. A large area of land on which livestock roam and graze. rapping
(rap' ing) A form of the verb rap: To knock or tap sharply. rare
(râr) adj. Not often happening, seen, or found. 728 rebel residential Pronunciation Key:
rebel
(ri bel') v. To fight against authority. rebellion (ri bel' y n) n. An armed fight against one's government. reconstruct (r ' k n strukt') v. To make or put together again. recyclers (r s ' kl rz) n. Plural form of recycler: Someone who makes something fit to be used again. reed
(r d) n. A tall grass having long, narrow leaves and jointed stems. Reeds usually grow in marshes. reform
(ri form') n. A change for the better. refugees
(ref' j z') n. Plural form of refugee: A person who flees from a place to find safety or protection. refund
(r ' fund) n. The return of money that has been given or paid. regalia
(ri g l' y ) n. The markings, symbols, or clothing that identify royalty; special clothing or jewelry. regurgitate (r gûr' j t t) v. To bring partially digested food up into the mouth; some animals use this method to feed their young. rehearsed (ri hûrst') v. Past tense of rehearse: To practice or train for a performance. reinforcing (r ' in fors' ing) A form of the verb reinforce: To strengthen by adding extra support material. reinvention (r ' n ven' sh n) n. Something old that is made into a completely different new thing. relics
(rel' iks) n. Plural form of relic: A thing from the past. reluctantly (ri luk' t nt' l ) adv. With hesitation or unwillingness. remains
(ri m nz') n. Things that are left behind. replicas
(rep' li k z) n. Plural form of replica: A scale model of something. represent (rep' ri zent') v. To stand for. representatives (rep' ri zen' t tivz) n. Plural form of representative: A person chosen to speak or act for others. resemblance (ri zem' bl ns) n. A likeness in appearance. resemble
(ri zem' b l) v. To be like or similar to. reservoirs (rez' r vwärz') n. Plural form of reservoir: A place where water is stored. residential (rez' i den' sh l) adj. Relating to or suitable for the construction of places to live. Word History The word rebel comes from the Latin word bellum, meaning "war."
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resign screened resign
(ri z n') v. To give up a job, position, or office. resistance (ri zis' t ns) n. Opposition. resisted
(ri zist' d) n. Past tense of resist: To oppose; to not give in. resolved
(ri zolvd') v. Past tense of resolve: To settle, explain, or solve. resources (r ' sors' ez) n. Plural form of resource: The wealth of a country or its way of producing wealth. responsibility (ri spän' s bi' l t ) n. The ability to be depended on or trusted. restored
(ri stord') v. Past tense of restore: To bring back to a former or original condition. restrained (ri str nd') v. Past tense of restrain: To keep from doing something; hold back. restrictions (ri strik' sh nz) n. Plural form of restriction: A rule or regulation designed to confine or limit. revelations (rev l ' sh nz) n. Plural form of revelation: Something that is made known. reverberate (ri vûr' bûr t') v. To continue in or as if in a series of echoes. revived
(ri v vd') v. Past tense of revive: To restore to life. revolutionary (re' v l ' sh nâr' ) adj. Relating to a sudden and major change. rich
(rich) adj. Able to produce much; fertile. ridge
(rij) n. A raised area. Ring of Fire (ring v f r) n. A belt of volcanoes and frequent seismic activity nearly encircling the Pacific. rivals
(r ' v lz) n. Plural form of rival: One who is trying to get the same thing as another; competitor. rubbish
(rub' ish) n. Useless waste material; trash. runoff
(run' ôf) n . The portion of precipitation on land that ultimately reaches streams, often with dissolved or suspended material. S sacrifice (sak' r f s) n. Something that is offered in an act of obedience or worship. v. To give up something for the sake of someone or something else. Past tense : sacrificed (sak' r f sd) Saint Elmo's Fire (s nt el' m z f r) n. A flaming phenomenon sometimes seen in stormy weather at prominent points on an airplane or ship and on land that is of the nature of a brush discharge of electricity. scalding
(skôld' ing) adj. Hot enough to burn; very hot. scale
(sk l) n. Relative size. scholar
(skol' r) n. A person who has much knowledge; a person who attends school. screened
(skr nd) v. Past tense of screen: To hide or protect with. Word History The word scholar comes from the Anglo-French word escoler. This word can be traced to a Latin word meaning "school." 730
scrolls spirals Pronunciation Key: a t; l te; c â re; f ä ther; s e t; m; i t; k te; o x; r se; ô in b ou ght; c oi n; b k; t ; f or m; ou t; u p; se; t ûr n; sound in a bout, chick e n, penc i l, cann o n, circ u s; ch air; hw in wh ich; ri ng ; sh op; th in; ere; zh in trea s ure. scrolls
(skr lz) n. Plural form of scroll: A roll of paper, parchment, or other material with writing on it. Each end of a scroll is often rolled around a rod. security
(si kyûr ' i t ) n. Protection from harm or loss; safety. sediment
(sed ' m nt) n. Rocks, dirt, or other solid matter carried and left by water, glaciers, or wind. segments
(seg ' m nts) n. Plural form of segment: One of the parts into which a whole is or can be divided. segregation (seg' ri g ' sh n) n. The practice of setting one group apart from another. self-evident (self' ev ' i d nt) adj. Easily understood without explanation. self-sacrifice (self' sak ' r f s) n. Sacrifice of oneself or one's interest for others or for a cause or ideal. sewage
(s ' ij) n. Waste matter. sheltered (shel ' t rd) v. Past tense of shelter: To cover or protect. shunned
(shund) v. Past tense of shun: To keep away from deliberately; to avoid on purpose. Siamese cat (s ' m z ' kat) n. A breed of cat that has a long, narrow body and short hair. A Siamese cat's ears, paws, and tail are often a darker color than the rest of its body. silt
(silt) n. Fine particles of sand, clay, dirt, and other material. Silt is carried by flowing water, as in a river, and eventually it settles to the bottom. siphon
(s ' f n) v. To draw off of or empty. sleek
(sl k) adj. Polished or smooth in manner. sleet
(sl t) n. Frozen or partly frozen rain. solemn
(sol ' m) adj. Very serious. soot
(s t) n. A black, greasy powder that forms when fuels such as wood, coal, and oil are burned. specialty (spesh ' l t ) n. A topic or task that a person knows a great deal about. species
(sp ' sh z) n. A group of animals or plants that have many characteristics in common. spectacles (spek ' t k lz) n. Eyeglasses. spirals
(sp ' r lz) A form of the verb spiral: To move in or take the shape of a spiral, a winding curve. scrolls spirals 731
splendor technology splendor
(splen' d r) n. Brilliance. sprawling (sprôl' ing) A form of the verb sprawl: To spread out in a way that is not regular or organized. staggered (stag' rd) v. Past tense of stagger: To walk in an unsteady or swaying motion. starches
(stärch' ez) n. Plural form of starch: A white food substance with no taste or odor that is made and stored in most plants. steamer
(st ' m r) n. A vehicle, machine, or engine driven by steam. steerage class (st r' ij klas) n. One of the lowest decks of a ship, used to accommodate immigrants in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. stele
(st l) n. A carved or inscribed stone slab or pillar used for commemorative purposes. stench
(stench) n. A strong odor; stink. stern
(stûrn) adj. Harsh; firm. sternly
(stûrn' l ) adv. In a firm or hard manner; unwaveringly. stimulate (stim' y l t) v. To make active or excite to action. straddles (strad' lz) A form of the verb straddle: To be positioned with parts on each side of something. strutting (strut' ing) A form of the verb strut: To walk in such a manner as to attract attention to oneself or show off. suave
(swäv) adj. Smooth. subsiding (s b s d' ing) A form of the verb subside: To become less. subtle
(sut' l) adj. Delicate. subway
(sub' w ') n. An electric railroad that runs under the ground in a city. suitable
(s t' b l) adj. Proper or necessary. superiors (s p r' ûrz) n. Plural form of superior: A person in a higher position. superstitious (s ' p r stish' s) adj. Believing something based on ignorance and fear. survivors (s r v ' v rz) n. Plural form of survivor: Someone or something that continues to exist after a disaster. sustained (s st nd') v. Past tense of sustain: To extend or prolong. sweeping
(sw p' ing) A form of the verb sweep: To move or carry quickly and with force. swell
(swel) v. To rise above the normal level. swivel
(swiv' l) n. A swinging or turning motion on a pivot. synchronized (sin' kr n zd') v. Past tense of synchronize: To make happen at the same time. Word History The word stench comes from an Old English word meaning "to emit a smell."
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