TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations i
i Economic Overview 1
iI The Environment Sector In Turkey 3
2.1 Overview of the Sector 3
2.1.1 Brief History of the Sector 3
2.1.2 Market size 5
2.2 Profile of Major Sub-Segments 6
2.2.1 Air 6
Emissions 6
Air quality 7
Future investments 9
Major companies in air sector 10
2.2.2 Water & Wastewater Management 12
Water resources & availability 12
Drinking water 13
Wastewater 15
Water monitoring 16
Future investments 16
Major companies in water sector 17
2.2.3 Solid Waste 24
Current Situation 24
Future Investments 25
Major companies in waste sector 26
2.2.4 Recycling 28
Sector overview 28
Major companies in the Sector 29
2.3 Investments: Government & Municipal Budget 31
2.4 Local Tenders & Tendering Institutions 33
2.5 Major Recent / Upcoming Projects 36
2.6 Environmental Legislation & Expected Changes 38
2.7 Opportunities for Italian Companies 41
ıII Key Contacts, Journals & Faırs 44
3.1 Key Sector Contacts 44
Government Organisations 44
Non-Governmental Organisations 45
3.2 Sector Journals 49
3.2 Major Sector Fairs & Seminars 51
ANNEXES 1
A1 European Commission’s Turkey 2008 PROGRESS REPORT 2
A2 PUBLIC PROJECTS 2008-2009 4
A3 SELECTED Major publıc tenderS, 2008-2009 10
List of Abbreviations
ASKI Ankara Water & Sewerage Administration
CO Carbon monoxide
CO2 Carbon dioxide
DSI State Hydraulic Works
DTM Undersecretariat of Foreign Trade
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EU European Union
EUSG Secretariat General for European Union Affairs
EC European Commission
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GHG Greenhouse gas(es)
GMO Genetically modified organism
GNP Gross National Product
HPC High Planning Council
ISKI Istanbul Water & Sewerage Administration
IZSU Izmir Water & Sewerage Administration
MENR Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forestry
MoH Ministry of Health
PM Particulate matter
PM10 Particulate matter ≤10 micrometres in diameter
PMUE Prime Ministry Undersecretariat for Environment
PPP Purchasing Power Parity
Petder Association of Petroleum Product Distributors
REC Regional Environmental Centre
SEE State Economic Enterprises
SEPC Special Environmental Prevention Committee
SME Small and Medium Size Enterprises
SPO State Planning Organization
Tg Teragram
Turkstat Turkish Statistical Institute
Turkak Turkish Accreditation Agency
UCES National Environmental Approximation Strategy (2006)
As of 2008, Turkey was the 17th largest economy in the world according to the International Monetary Fund, being significantly larger than Poland and Indonesia, and coming behind the Netherlands and South Korea. Its GDP on a nominal basis was $729 million. The IMF estimates that per capita GDP of Turkey was $13,138 at current prices on a purchasing power parity basis, above the figures for Bulgaria and Romania.
In the past three decades, GDP has grown at a compound rate of 4.3%, but growth has been uneven. The financial crisis of 2001 led to a fall of 6.8% in GDP. A revival began in early 2002, and, according to the new GDP series, between 2002 and 2006 growth resumed an an impressive cumulative average rate of 7.2% - 6.2% in 2002, 5.3% in 2003, 9.4% in 2004, 8.4% in 2005, 6.9% in 2006 and 4.5% in 2007. The annual rate of growth in GDP in the second quarter of 2008 fell to 2.3% and in the third quarter to 0.5%, before a 6.2% fall in the fourth quarter.
In April 2009, the Government had sharply to reduce its short-term growth forecast. It currently expects the economy to shrink by 3.6% in 2009 but then - albeit slowly - to resume growth with 3.3% in 2010 and 4.5% in 2011.
KEY ECONOMIC FIGURES OF TURKEY, 2006-11f
2006 2007 2008 2009f 2010f 2011f
Economic Growth
GDP (TL Billion, in constant 1998 prices) 97 101 102 99 102 106
GDP growth rate (real) 6.9% 4.7% 1.1% -3.6% 3.3% 4.5%
Per capita GDP ($ in current prices) 7,583 9,234 10,436 10,913 11,398 12,164
Population
Mid-year Population ('000 persons) 69,421 70,256 71,079 71,918 72,752 73,581
Balance of Payments
Current Account ($ Billion) -32 -38 -42 -11 -19 -26
Exports FOB ($ Billion) 86 107 132 104 112 120
Imports CIF ($ Billion) 140 170 202 138 155 174
Direct investment in Turkey ($ Billion) 20.2 22.0 18.2 9.1 10.2 12.0
Direct investment abroad ($ Billion) -0.9 -2.1 -2.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.9
Employment
Working age population ('000 of persons) 48,485 49,215 49,974 50,724 51,474 52,226
Unemployment rate (%) 9.9% 9.9% 10.6% 13.5% 13.9% 13.9%
Prices
CPI end year 9.7% 8.4% 10.1% 7.5% 6.5% 5.5%
Source: Turkstat and SPO Pre-Accession Economic Programme, April 2009 f: Government forecast
Turkey is the second most populated country in Europe after Germany and the 16th in the world. The Turkish Statistical Institute (Turkstat) estimates the current population to be 71.5 million. Turkey’s population is relatively young. In 2008, 28% of the population was aged under 14 and the portion of the population aged over 60 was only 8%.
Until the early 1980s, Turkey had a notably high share of rural population. Rapid urbanisation and industrialisation mean that by the end of 2008 the urbanisation rate of Turkey was close to the EU-27 average.1 Turkey has five cities with over 1 million inhabitants. Istanbul’s over 12 million people make it one of the largest cities in Europe.
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