Unit 5: Expansion, Division, and Reunion Standards: 7B, 8A-10f, 13c

(Standards: 7B, 8A-10f, 13c)

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  Westward Growth of the United States
  
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    Caused by rapid populating (by Europeans) of the land within the continental boundaries of the mainland United States
    
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    Conclusion of the War of 1812 saw westward movement with a significant outpouring of people across the continent to areas scarcely populated before the war
    
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    Admission of Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Alabama, and Mississippi as states into the Union.
    

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  Manifest Destiny.
  
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    Nineteenth-century belief that the United States had a mission to expand westward across the North American continent, spreading its form of democracy, freedom, and culture.
    
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    Obvious ("manifest") and Certain ("destiny") expansion.
    

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  Slavery was the social and economic way of life for the plantations of 11 Southern states
  
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  Gained new life during the early 19th century in the South with the introduction of the cotton-based agricultural system.
  
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  Abolitionists turned to a more militant policy towards ending slavery and demanded immediate abolition by law
  

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  Black American slave who led the only effective, sustained slave rebellion (August 1831) in U.S. history.
  
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  Set off a new wave of oppressive legislation prohibiting the education, movement, and assembly of slaves and stiffened proslavery, anti-abolitionist convictions that persisted until the American Civil War
  
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  Put an end to the white Southern myth that slaves were either content with their life or too submissive to mount an armed revolt.
  

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  The movement chiefly responsible for creating the emotional climate necessary for ending the transatlantic slave trade.
  
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  All states north of Maryland abolished slavery between 1777 and 1804.
  

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  Wrote the Liberator
  
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  Organized the American Anti-Slavery Society which sponsored meetings, adopted resolutions, signed antislavery petitions to be sent to Congress, published journals and enlisted subscriptions, printed and distributed propaganda in vast quantities, and sent out agents and lecturers to carry the antislavery message to Northern audiences.
  

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  African American who was one of the most eminent human rights leaders of the 19th century.
  
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  Became the first black citizen to hold high rank in the U.S. government.
  
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  Wrote Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
  

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  Angelina Grimke and her sister Sarah Grimke whose family lived in S. Carolina and owned slaves.
  
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  Two sisters were exiled by their family due to the fact that they crusaded against slavery.
  
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  Crusaded to end slavery and the limitations on the rights of women.
  

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  Agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories.
  
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  prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36° 30' North except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri
  
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  Attempt to try to avoid the American Civil War
  

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  The question of whether a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress
  
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  "Tariff of Abominations" made imported manufactured goods, previously cheaper, more expensive than those made in the North.
  
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  South Carolina's rice industry declined, but despite the tariff, its cotton industry flourished making some of its planters the richest in the country.
  
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  Andrew Jackson’s Vice President John Calhoun supported the theory that individual states could override federal legislation they deemed unconstitutional.
  

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  Andrew Jackson sent seven small naval vessels and a man-of-war to Charleston telling them they were on the brink of treason
  
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  South became sympathetic to S. Carolina and planted seeds for Civil War
  

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  Development of sectionalism - identification with a geographic section of the United States and the cultural, social, economic, and political interests of that section.
  

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  War between the United States and Mexico over the United States’ annexation of Texas in 1845
  
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  Dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande (U.S. claim).
  
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  U.S. forces were consistently victorious—resulted in the United States’ acquisition of more than 500,000 square miles of Mexican territory extending westward from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean.