NUCLEAR WEAPONS DO NOT DETER OTHER WMD Michael Ruhle. Enlightenment in the Second Nuclear Age International Affairs. Vol. 83, No. 3 (2007). Pp. 511-522. The next disappointment followed quickly. Soon after the Gulf War of 1990–1991 the UN Special Commission discovered that Iraq had been working on a comprehensive military nuclear programme that had been only a few months away from detonating a nuclear device. For the IAEA, which had not uncovered this programme despite its regular inspections, this revelation constituted a fiasco. In response, many governments agreed on an additional protocol to the NPT, which extended the authority of the IAEA to conducting surprise inspections. Yet doubts about the reliability of the verification measures of the nonproliferation regime persisted, especially as the crucial question of how to deal with treaty violations remained unanswered.